📚 Year 7 CIE Art: Quick Guide to Vocabulary & Terminology | Year 7 CIE 艺术：词汇术语速记指南
Mastering art vocabulary is like learning the alphabet of visual expression. This quick guide is designed for Year 7 CIE Art students to memorise key terms effortlessly. Each term is paired with a simple definition and a memory tip where helpful, making revision active and fun.
掌握艺术词汇就像学习视觉表达的字母表。这份速记指南专为 Year 7 CIE 艺术学生设计，帮助你轻松记住关键术语。每个术语都配有简单的定义和助记提示，让复习变得主动而有趣。
1. Colour | 色彩
Hue: The name of a colour, such as red, blue, or yellow.
色相：颜色的名称，如红色、蓝色或黄色。
Primary colours: Red, yellow, and blue – the three colours that cannot be created by mixing other colours.
原色：红、黄、蓝——三种无法通过混合其他颜色获得的颜色。
Secondary colours: Orange, green, and purple – colours made by mixing two primary colours.
间色（二次色）：橙、绿、紫——由两种原色混合而成的颜色。
Tertiary colours: Colours made by mixing a primary colour with a neighbouring secondary colour, e.g. red-orange, yellow-green.
复色（三次色）：由一种原色与邻近的间色混合而成的颜色，如红橙、黄绿。
Warm colours: Reds, oranges, and yellows – they remind us of warmth and fire.
暖色：红色、橙色和黄色——让人联想到温暖和火焰。
Cool colours: Blues, greens, and purples – they suggest coolness and calm.
冷色：蓝色、绿色和紫色——暗示凉爽和平静。
Complementary colours: Colours opposite each other on the colour wheel, such as red and green. They create strong contrast.
互补色：色轮上相对的颜色，如红与绿。它们形成强烈对比。
Analogous colours: Colours that are next to each other on the colour wheel, such as blue, blue-green, and green. They create harmony.
类似色：色轮上相邻的颜色，如蓝、蓝绿和绿。它们产生和谐感。
2. Line | 线条
Line: A mark made by a moving point. Lines can vary in width, direction, and length.
线条：由移动的点产生的痕迹。线条可以在宽度、方向和长度上变化。
Outline: A line that shows the outer edge of a shape.
轮廓线：显示形状外边缘的线条。
Contour line: A line that defines the edges and surface ridges of an object, giving it volume.
等高线（轮廓线）：定义物体边缘和表面脊线的线条，赋予物体体积感。
Hatching: The use of closely spaced parallel lines to create shading or texture.
排线（影线）：用紧密排列的平行线条来创造明暗或纹理。
Cross-hatching: Layering sets of parallel lines at different angles to create darker values and texture.
交叉排线：以不同角度叠加多组平行线条，创造更深的色调和纹理。
Gesture line: Quick, energetic lines that capture the movement and pose of a subject.
动态线：快速、充满活力的线条，捕捉对象的动作和姿态。
3. Shape and Form | 形状与形体
Shape: A two-dimensional (2D) area defined by edges. Shapes can be geometric (e.g. circles, squares) or organic (freeform, natural).
形状：由边缘定义的二维区域。形状可以是几何的（如圆形、方形）或有机的（自由形、自然形）。
Form: A three-dimensional (3D) object that has height, width, and depth. Examples include cubes, spheres, and cones.
形体：具有高度、宽度和深度的三维物体，如立方体、球体和圆锥体。
Geometric shapes: Precise, regular shapes such as squares, circles, and triangles.
几何形状：精确、规则的形状，如正方形、圆形和三角形。
Organic shapes: Irregular, often found in nature, such as the shape of a leaf or a cloud.
有机形状：不规则的，常见于自然界，如树叶或云朵的形状。
Positive shape: The main subject or focus in a composition.
正形：构图中的主要对象或焦点。
Negative shape: The space around and between the subject(s).
负形：主体周围和之间的空间。
4. Texture | 纹理
Texture: The surface quality of an object, whether real (actual texture) or implied (visual texture).
纹理：物体表面的质感，可以是真实的（实际纹理）或暗示的（视觉纹理）。
Actual texture: The physical feel of a surface, such as rough, smooth, bumpy, or soft.
实际纹理：表面的物理触感，如粗糙、光滑、凹凸或柔软。
Visual texture: The illusion of texture created by an artist using elements like lines, shapes, and colours.
视觉纹理：艺术家利用线条、形状和色彩等元素创造的纹理错觉。
Impasto: A technique where paint is applied thickly so that brushstrokes and texture are visible.
厚涂法：将颜料厚厚地涂上，使笔触和纹理可见的技法。
Frottage: Rubbing a pencil or crayon over a textured surface to capture the texture on paper.
拓印法：用铅笔或蜡笔在有纹理的表面上摩擦，将纹理转印到纸上。
5. Space | 空间
Space: The area around, between, and within objects. In art, it can be positive (occupied) or negative (empty).
空间：物体周围、之间和内部的区域。在艺术中，可分为正空间（被占据的）和负空间（空的）。
Foreground: The part of a picture that appears closest to the viewer.
前景：画面中离观众最近的部分。
Middleground: The area between the foreground and background.
中景：前景和背景之间的区域。
Background: The part of a picture that appears farthest away.
背景：画面中看起来最远的部分。
Overlapping: When one object covers part of another to create a sense of depth.
重叠：一个物体遮盖住另一个物体的一部分，以营造深度感。
Placement on the picture plane: Objects placed higher on the page often appear farther away.
画面中的位置：放在画面上方较高的物体通常显得更远。
6. Value and Tone | 明暗与色调
Value (Tone): The lightness or darkness of a colour or of grey.
明度（色调）：颜色或灰色的明暗程度。
Highlights: The lightest areas of an object, where light hits directly.
高光：物体上最亮的区域，光线直接照射之处。
Shadows: The darkest areas of an object, where light is blocked.
阴影：物体上最暗的区域，光线被遮挡之处。
Mid-tones: Values between the lightest and darkest areas.
中间色调：亮部和暗部之间的明度。
Chiaroscuro: An Italian term meaning 'light-dark', used to describe the strong contrast between light and shadow to create volume.
明暗对照法：意大利语，意为“明暗”，用于描述利用光与影的强烈对比来创造立体感。
Gradation: A gradual change from light to dark or from one colour to another.
渐变：从明到暗或从一种颜色到另一种颜色的逐渐变化。
7. Composition | 构图
Composition: The arrangement of elements in a work of art to create a pleasing and effective whole.
构图：艺术作品中各元素的安排，以形成一个和谐而有效的整体。
Rule of thirds: A guideline that divides the picture into nine equal parts using two horizontal and two vertical lines. Placing key elements along these lines or their intersections creates balance and interest.
三分法：用两条水平线和两条垂直线将画面分成九个相等的部分。将关键元素放置在这些线条或交叉点上，可以创造平衡和趣味。
Balance: The distribution of visual weight in a composition. Can be symmetrical (equal on both sides) or asymmetrical (different but still balanced).
平衡：构图中视觉重量的分布。可以是对称的（两边相等）或不对称的（不同但仍保持平衡）。
Focal point: The area of an artwork that first attracts the viewer's attention.
焦点：艺术作品中首先吸引观众注意力的地方。
Leading lines: Lines in a composition that guide the viewer's eye towards the main subject.
引导线：构图中引导观众视线朝向主体的线条。
Unity: A sense of harmony where all parts of the
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