📚 Year 7 CIE Biology: Vocabulary & Terminology Quick Memorisation Guide | Year 7 CIE 生物：词汇术语速记指南
Biology is full of specialised terms that can initially seem like a foreign language. However, mastering this vocabulary is your first step towards understanding how living things work and excelling in your exams. This guide breaks down essential Year 7 CIE terms and gives you simple tricks to remember them.
生物学里充满了专业术语，一开始可能会让人觉得像天书一样。但是，掌握这些词汇是你理解生物如何运作并在考试中脱颖而出的第一步。本指南将拆解 Year 7 CIE 的核心术语，并给你提供简单好记的小窍门。
1. Why Vocabulary Matters in Biology | 为什么生物词汇很重要
In biology, terms like 'cell' and 'tissue' have very precise meanings. Using the correct word shows that you truly understand the concept, while mixing them up can lose you marks in an exam.
在生物学中，“细胞”和“组织”这类术语有非常精确的含义。使用正确的词汇表明你真正理解了概念，而混淆它们则可能在考试中丢分。
Examiners often design questions specifically to test your knowledge of key words. A well-structured answer that includes the appropriate biological term will always stand out and score higher.
考官常常专门设计题目来考察你对关键词汇的掌握。一个结构清晰、包含了恰当生物学术语的答案总会脱颖而出，得到更高的分数。
2. Cell Structure – The Building Blocks | 细胞结构——生命的基本单位
The nucleus is the control centre of the cell, containing the genetic material (DNA) that directs all cell activities. It is enclosed by a nuclear membrane.
细胞核是细胞的控制中心，包含着指导所有细胞活动的遗传物质（DNA）。它由核膜包裹着。
The cytoplasm is a jelly-like fluid that fills the cell and is the site where most chemical reactions happen. It holds the organelles in place.
细胞质是一种果冻状的液体，充满细胞内部，是大多数化学反应发生的地方。它把细胞器固定在位置上。
The cell membrane is a thin, flexible barrier that surrounds every cell. It controls which substances can enter or leave, acting like a security guard.
细胞膜是一层薄而柔软的屏障，包裹着每一个细胞。它控制着哪些物质可以进出，就像一名保安。
In plant cells, the cell wall is a rigid outer layer made of cellulose. It gives the cell its shape and provides extra support and protection.
在植物细胞中，细胞壁是由纤维素构成的坚硬外层。它赋予细胞形状，并提供额外的支撑和保护。
Chloroplasts are green discs found only in plant cells and some algae. They contain chlorophyll, which captures light energy for photosynthesis.
叶绿体是只存在于植物细胞和一些藻类中的绿色圆盘状结构。它们含有叶绿素，能捕获光能进行光合作用。
The vacuole is a large, fluid-filled sac in the centre of a plant cell. It stores cell sap, helps keep the cell firm, and can also store waste products.
液泡是植物细胞中央一个充满液体的大囊。它储存细胞液，帮助维持细胞坚挺，也能储存废物。
Mitochondria are tiny, bean-shaped organelles found in almost all plant and animal cells. They are the power stations where aerobic respiration takes place, releasing energy.
线粒体是微小的豆形细胞器，几乎存在于所有动植物细胞中。它们是有氧呼吸发生的“发电站”，为细胞释放能量。
3. From Cells to Organisms | 从细胞到生物体
A tissue is a group of similar cells working together to carry out a particular job. For example, muscle tissue is made of many muscle cells that contract to produce movement.
组织是一群相似的细胞协同工作以执行某一特定功能。例如，肌肉组织由许多肌细胞组成，通过收缩产生运动。
An organ is a structure made up of different types of tissues that work together to perform a more complex function. The stomach is an organ that uses muscle tissue, epithelial tissue and glandular tissue to digest food.
器官是由不同类型组织构成的，协同完成更复杂功能的结构。胃就是一个器官，它利用肌肉组织、上皮组织和腺体组织共同消化食物。
An organ system is a group of organs that cooperate to carry out a major life process. The digestive system, for instance, includes the mouth, stomach, intestines and liver, all working to break down and absorb nutrients.
器官系统是一组协同完成一项主要生命过程的器官的集合。例如，消化系统包括口腔、胃、肠和肝，它们共同作用来分解和吸收营养。
An organism is a complete, individual living entity. It can be a single-celled bacterium or a complex human being made of many organ systems.
生物体是一个完整的、独立的生命个体。它可以是一个单细胞的细菌，也可以是由多个器官系统组成的复杂人类。
4. Classification of Living Things | 生物的分类
Scientists group organisms into a hierarchy of ranks: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus and Species. A popular mnemonic to remember this order is 'King Philip Came Over For Good Soup'.
科学家将生物按等级分成：界、门、纲、目、科、属、种。一个帮助记忆此顺序的著名口诀是“King Philip Came Over For Good Soup”。
The five major kingdoms are Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists (simple organisms like algae), and Prokaryotes (bacteria). Each kingdom shares broad structural and functional features.
五大界分别为动物界、植物界、真菌界、原生生物界（如藻类等简单生物）和原核生物界（细菌）。每个界的成员都具有广泛相似的结构和功能特征。
Within the animal kingdom, we distinguish between vertebrates (animals with a backbone) and invertebrates (animals without a backbone). Mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish are the five main classes of vertebrates.
在动物界内，我们区分脊椎动物（有脊柱的动物）和无脊椎动物（没有脊柱的动物）。哺乳类、鸟类、爬行类、两栖类和鱼类是脊椎动物的五个主要纲。
The species is the most specific level of classification; it identifies a group of organisms that can breed together to produce fertile offspring. For example, modern humans belong to the species Homo sapiens.
种是最具体的分类等级；它指代一组能相互交配并产生可育后代生物。例如，现代人就属于智人种（Homo sapiens）。
5. Photosynthesis and Respiration | 光合作用与呼吸作用
Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants use light energy, carbon dioxide and water to make glucose and oxygen. This takes place inside the chloroplasts.
光合作用是绿色植物利用光能、二氧化碳和水制造葡萄糖和氧气的过程。它发生在叶绿体内部。
The word equation for photosynthesis is:
光合作用的文字方程式是：
carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen
二氧化碳 + 水 → 葡萄糖 + 氧气
The balanced chemical equation is:
配平后的化学方程式是：
6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
Respiration is a process that happens in all living cells to release energy from glucose. Aerobic respiration requires oxygen, while anaerobic respiration occurs without it, producing less energy.
呼吸作用是所有活细胞中发生的、从葡萄糖中释放能量的过程。有氧呼吸需要氧气，而无氧呼吸则在无氧时进行，产生的能量较少。
The word equation for aerobic respiration is:
有氧呼吸的文字方程式是：
glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water (+ energy)
葡萄糖 + 氧气 → 二氧化碳 + 水（+ 能量）
6. Human Body Systems | 人体系统
The human body is made up of several organ systems that work together to keep us alive. The digestive system physically and chemically breaks down food into small, soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the blood.
人体由多个协同工作的器官系统组成，以维持生命。消化系统通过物理和化学作用将食物分解成可溶于水、能被吸收进血液的小分子。
The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels and blood. It transports oxygen, nutrients and hormones around the body, and removes wastes like carbon dioxide.
循环系统由心脏、血管和血液组成。它把氧气、营养和激素输送到全身，并带走二氧化碳等废物。
The respiratory system includes the lungs, trachea and diaphragm. Its main function is to provide a surface for gas exchange: oxygen enters the blood, and carbon dioxide is exhaled.
呼吸系统包括肺、气管和膈肌。它的主要功能是提供气体交换的场所：氧气进入血液，二氧化碳被呼出体外。
Other key systems are summarised below:
其他关键系统汇总如下：
| System (English) | 中文系统 | Main Function |
|---|---|---|
| Skeletal System | 骨骼系统 | Supports body, protects organs, produces blood cells |
| Muscular System | 肌肉系统 | Enables movement; muscles contract and pull on bones |
| Nervous System | 神经系统 | Detects stimuli and coordinates responses via electrical signals |
7. Ecology and the Environment | 生态与环境
A habitat is the specific natural environment where an organism lives. For example, a pond is the habitat for a frog, providing food, shelter and a place to reproduce.
栖息地是某种生物所生活的特定自然环境。例如，池塘是青蛙的栖息地，为它提供食物、庇护和繁殖的场所。
A population consists of all the individuals of the same species living in a particular habitat. The group of frogs in one pond makes up a frog population.
种群指的是生活在特定栖息地里的同种生物的所有个体。一个池塘里的所有青蛙就构成了一个青蛙种群。
A community is formed by the populations of different species that live and interact in the same habitat. A pond community includes frogs, fish, insects, plants and microorganisms.
群落是由生活在同一栖息地并相互影响的不同物种种群共同组成的。一个池塘群落就包含青蛙、鱼、昆虫、植物和微生物。
An ecosystem describes the interactions between a community of organisms and the non-living (abiotic) parts of their environment, such as water, soil and temperature.
生态系统描述了一个生物群落与其环境中非生物部分（如水、土壤、温度）之间的相互作用。
Producers are organisms that make their own food, typically green plants through photosynthesis. Consumers eat other organisms to obtain energy, and decomposers break down dead organic matter and return nutrients to the soil.
生产者是能自己制造食物的生物，通常指通过光合作用制造养料的绿色植物。消费者通过吃其他生物获得能量，而分解者则分解死去的有机物质，将养分归还土壤。
A food chain shows a simple, linear path of energy transfer from one organism to another. A food web is a more realistic, interconnected network of several food chains.
食物链展示了能量从一种生物流向另一种生物的简单线性路径。食物网则是由多条食物链交织而成的、更复杂的网络。
8. Memory Tricks and Word Roots | 记忆技巧与词根
Learning the building blocks of biological words can help you guess their meanings. The prefix 'photo-' means light, and 'synthesis' means to put together, so 'photosynthesis' literally means 'putting together using light'.
学习生物词汇的词根能帮助你推测词义。前缀“photo-”表示光，“synthesis”表示合成，因此“photosynthesis”（光合作用）的字面意思就是用光来合成。
'Cyto-' refers to cell, so cytoplasm is the 'cell material'. 'Chloro-' means green, which is why the green pigment is called chlorophyll.
“Cy
Published by TutorHao | Year 7 Biology Revision Series | aleveler.com
更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）
或截图后用「扫一扫 → 相册」选择本图