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Year 7 CIE Advanced Mathematics: Vocabulary Quick-Memorisation Guide | 7年级CIE进阶数学:词汇术语速记指南

2026-07-16 16:46 · 本文部分内容由AI辅助创作

📚 Year 7 CIE Advanced Mathematics: Vocabulary Quick-Memorisation Guide | 7年级CIE进阶数学:词汇术语速记指南

Welcome to this essential vocabulary guide for Year 7 CIE Advanced Mathematics. A strong command of key terms will sharpen your problem-solving skills, boost your confidence in exams, and make it easier to follow lessons in both English and Chinese. Each term below is explained clearly, with the English definition immediately followed by its Chinese equivalent. Use these pairs to memorise terms quickly and build a solid mathematical foundation.

欢迎使用这份7年级CIE进阶数学核心词汇指南。牢固掌握关键术语能够提升你的解题能力,增强考试信心,并让你在中英文双语课堂上游刃有余。下文中每个术语都先用英文清晰定义,紧接着用中文解释,帮助你快速记忆,为数学学习打下坚实基础。

1. Number Types and Operations | 数字类型与运算

Integer: A whole number that can be positive, negative, or zero, such as -3, 0, 14.

整数: 可以是正数、负数或零的整数,例如 -3、0、14。

Whole Number: A non-negative integer, starting from 0, 1, 2, and going forever; no fractions or decimals.

非负整数: 从 0、1、2 开始延续下去的整数,不包含分数或小数。

Natural Number: A counting number starting from 1 upwards (sometimes includes 0, but typically 1, 2, 3, ...).

自然数: 从 1 开始向上计数的数(有时包含 0,但通常指 1, 2, 3 …)。

Prime Number: A whole number greater than 1 that has exactly two factors: 1 and itself, e.g., 2, 3, 5, 7, 11.

质数(素数): 大于 1 且恰好只有 1 和自身两个因数的整数,如 2、3、5、7、11。

Composite Number: A whole number greater than 1 that has more than two factors, e.g., 4 (factors 1,2,4).

合数: 大于 1 且拥有两个以上因数的整数,如 4(因数有 1、2、4)。

Factor: A number that divides exactly into another number, e.g., 3 is a factor of 12.

因数: 能够整除另一个数的数,例如 3 是 12 的因数。

Multiple: The result of multiplying a number by an integer, e.g., multiples of 5 are 5, 10, 15, 20, ...

倍数: 一个数与整数相乘得到的结果,如 5 的倍数有 5、10、15、20 …

Square Number: The product of an integer multiplied by itself, e.g., 9 = 3 x 3, so 9 is a square number.

平方数: 整数自乘的积,如 9 = 3 × 3,因此 9 是平方数。

Cube Number: The product of an integer used three times as a factor, e.g., 8 = 2 x 2 x 2.

立方数: 整数连续相乘三次的积,如 8 = 2 × 2 × 2。

BIDMAS (or BODMAS): The order of operations: Brackets, Indices, Division/Multiplication (left to right), Addition/Subtraction (left to right).

运算顺序(BIDMAS/BODMAS): 括号、指数、除法和乘法(从左到右)、加法和减法(从左到右)。


2. Fractions, Decimals and Percentages | 分数、小数与百分数

Fraction: A number that represents a part of a whole, written as numerator over denominator, e.g., ¾.

分数: 表示整体一部分的数,写作分子/分母,如 ¾。

Numerator: The top number in a fraction, showing how many parts are taken.

分子: 分数中位于上方的数,表示取了多少份。

Denominator: The bottom number in a fraction, showing the total number of equal parts.

分母: 分数中位于下方的数,表示整体被分成了几等份。

Equivalent Fractions: Fractions that represent the same value, e.g., ½ = 2/4 = 4/8.

等值分数: 表示相同大小的分数,如 ½ = 2/4 = 4/8。

Decimal: A number written with a decimal point separating the whole part from the fractional part, e.g., 0.75.

小数: 用小数点分隔整数部分和小数部分的数,如 0.75。

Recurring Decimal: epeats a digit or a block of digits forever, often marked with a dot, e.g., 0.333... = 0.3̇.

循环小数: 小数部分有一位或几位数字不断重复出现,常用点标记,如 0.333... = 0.3̇。

Percentage: A fraction out of 100, denoted by the % symbol; 45% means 45 out of 100.

百分数: 分母为 100 的分数,用 % 表示;45% 即每 100 份中的 45 份。


3. Algebraic Expressions | 代数表达式

Algebra: The part of mathematics where letters (variables) represent numbers in formulas and equations.

代数: 数学中用字母(变量)表示数的分支,常用于公式和方程。

Variable: A symbol, often a letter, that stands for an unknown value, e.g., x, y, n.

变量: 通常用字母表示的符号,代表未知数值,如 x、y、n。

Coefficient: The number part in a term with a variable, e.g., in 4x, 4 is the coefficient.

系数: 含有变量的项中,数字部分称为系数,如 4x 中 4 是系数。

Constant: A fixed number that does not change, e.g., in 3x + 7, 7 is the constant.

常数: 固定不变的数字,例如 3x + 7 中 7 是常数。

Term: A single number, variable, or product of numbers and variables, e.g., 5xy, -2a, 9.

项: 单个数字、变量或数字与变量的乘积,如 5xy、-2a、9。

Expression: A collection of terms combined by +, -, etc., without an equals sign, e.g., 2a + 5b - 3.

表达式: 用 +、- 等符号连接的项的集合,不包含等号,如 2a + 5b - 3。

Simplify: To rewrite an expression in its most compact form, e.g., 2a + 3a = 5a.

化简: 将表达式改写成最简洁的形式,如 2a + 3a = 5a。

Expand: To multiply out brackets, turning a(b + c) into ab + ac.

展开: 去掉括号并相乘,将 a(b + c) 变为 ab + ac。

Factorise: of : The reverse of expanding; writing an expression as a product of its factors, e.g., ab + ac = a(b + c).

因式分解: 展开的逆过程,把表达式写成因式的积,如 ab + ac = a(b + c)。


4. Equations and Inequalities | 方程与不等式

Equation: cal statement showing that two expressions are equal, using the = sign, e.g., 2x + 3 = 11.

方程: 表示两个表达式相等,使用等号 = 的数学语句,如 2x + 3 = 11。

Solve: To find the value(s) of the variable that make the equation true.

解方程: 找出使方程成立的变量的值。

Solution: e of : The value of the variable that satisfies the equation, e.g., x = 4 is the solution to 2x + 3 = 11.

解(方程的): 使方程成立的变量的值,例如 x = 4 是方程 2x + 3 = 11 的解。

Unknown: Another name for the variable whose value we need to find.

未知数: 变量(需要求解的数值)的另一种称法。

Inequality: < (less than), > (greater than), ≤ (less than or equal to), ≥ (greater than or equal to).

不等式: 使用 <(小于)、>(大于)、≤(小于等于)、≥(大于等于)比较两个表达式的语句。

Balancing Method: The technique of doing the same operation to both sides of an equation to keep it equal.

等号平衡法: 对等式两边同时进行相同运算以保持等号成立的方法。


5. Geometry: Lines and Angles | 几何:线与角

Point: An exact location in space, usually labelled with a capital letter, having no size.

点: 空间中精确的位置,通常用大写字母标记,没有大小。

Line: A straight one-dimensional figure that extends infinitely in both directions.

直线: 向两端无限延伸的一维图形。

Ray: A part of a line that starts at a point and extends infinitely in one direction.

射线: 从一个点出发并朝一个方向无限延伸的直线部分。

Line Segment: A part of a line with two definite endpoints.

线段: 具有两个明确端点的直线部分。

Angle: The amount of turn between two rays sharing a common endpoint, measured in degrees (°).

角: 两条有公共端点的射线之间的旋转量,以度 (°) 度量。

Acute Angle: An angle between 0° and 90°.

锐角: 大于 0° 且小于 90° 的角。

Obtuse Angle: An angle between 90° and 180°.

钝角: 大于 90° 且小于 180° 的角。

Right Angle: An angle of exactly 90°, often marked with a small square.

直角: 恰好等于 90° 的角,常用小方框标记。

Reflex Angle: An angle between 180° and 360°.

优角(反角): 大于 180° 且小于 360° 的角。

Straight Line Angle: An angle of exactly 180°, forming a straight line.

平角: 恰好等于 180° 的角,形成一条直线。

Complementary Angles: Two angles that add up to 90°.

互余角: 和为 90° 的两个角。

Supplementary Angles: Two angles that add up to 180°.

互补角: 和为 180° 的两个角。

Parallel Lines: Lines in a plane that never meet, always the same distance apart.

平行线: 同一平面内永不相交、距离始终保持相等的直线。

Perpendicular Lines: Lines that intersect at a right angle (90°).

垂直线: 相交成直角 (90°) 的直线。


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6. 2D Shapes and Properties | 二维图形及其性质

Polygon: A closed 2D shape made of straight line segments, e.g., triangle, quadrilateral.

多边形: 由直线段围成的封闭二维图形,如三角形、四边形。

Regular Polygon: A polygon with all sides equal and all angles equal, e.g., equilateral triangle, square.

正多边形: 各边相等、各角也相等的多边形,如等边三角形、正方形。

Irregular Polygon: A polygon whose sides and angles are not all equal.

不规则多边形: 各边和各角不都相等的多边形。

Triangle: A polygon with three sides and three angles. Classified by sides: equilateral (3 equal sides), isosceles (2 equal sides), scalene (no equal sides); by angles: right, acute, obtuse.

三角形: 有三条边和三个角的多边形。按边分类:等边三角形(3 边相等)、等腰三角形(2 边相等)、不等边三角形(各边不相等);按角分类:直角三角形、锐角三角形、钝角三角形。

Quadrilateral: A polygon with four sides. Key types include square (4 equal sides, 4 right angles), rectangle (opposite sides equal, 4 right angles), rhombus (4 equal sides, opposite angles equal), parallelogram (opposite sides parallel and equal), trapezium (at least one pair of parallel sides), kite (two pairs of adjacent equal sides).

四边形: 有四条边的多边形。常见类型:正方形(4 边相等,4 个直角)、矩形(对边相等,4 个直角)、菱形(4 边相等,对角相等)、平行四边形(对边平行且相等)、梯形(至少有一组平行边)、筝形(两对相邻边相等)。


7. Perimeter, Area and Volume | 周长、面积与体积

Perimeter: The total distance around the outside of a 2D shape, found by adding all side lengths.

周长: 二维图形外边界的总长度,等于所有边长之和。

Area: The amount of space inside a 2D shape, measured in square units, e.g., cm², m².

面积: 二维图形内部空间的大小,以平方单位度量,如 cm²、m²。

Rectangle Area: Area = length × width (A = l × w).

矩形面积: 面积 = 长 × 宽(A = l × w)。

Triangle Area: Area = ½ × base × height (A = ½ × b × h).

三角形面积: 面积 = ½ × 底 × 高(A = ½ × b × h)。

Circle: radius (r) is the distance from centre to edge; diameter (d = 2r) is the distance across.

圆: 边界上每一点到中心距离都相等的二维图形。半径 (r) 是中心到边的距离;直径 (d = 2r) 是穿过中心的距离。

Circumference: C = π × d or C = 2πr, Area = π × r²

圆的周长:C = π × d 或 C = 2πr,圆的面积:A = π × r²

π (Pi): A special number approximately equal to 3.14 (or 22/7), representing the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter.

π(圆周率): 约等于 3.14(或 22/7)的常数,表示圆周长与直径的比值。

Volume: t, measured in cubic units, e.g., cm³, m³. For a cuboid: Volume = length × width × height.

体积: 三维物体内部空间的大小,以立方单位度量,如 cm³、m³。长方体的体积 = 长 × 宽 × 高。


8. Coordinates and Graphs | 坐标与图像

Coordinates: A pair of numbers (x, y) that precisely fix a point's position on a grid.

坐标: 一对数字 (x, y),精确标定网格中某点的位置。

x-axis: The horizontal axis on a coordinate plane.

x 轴: 坐标平面上的水平轴。

y-axis: The vertical axis on a coordinate plane.

y 轴: 坐标平面上的竖直轴。

Origin: The point (0, 0) where the x-axis and y-axis intersect.

原点: x 轴与 y 轴相交的点 (0, 0)。

Ordered Pair: Another name for coordinates, always written as (x, y).

有序对: 坐标的另一种称法,总是写成 (x, y)。

Plot: To mark a point on a graph using its coordinates.

描点: 根据坐标在图像上标出点。

Quadrant: One of the four regions into which the axes divide the plane, numbered I, II, III, IV.

象限: 坐标轴将平面分成的四个区域,分别用 I、II、III、IV 表示。

Straight Line Graph: aph of a linear equation, such as y = mx + c, which produces a straight line when plotted.

直线图像: 线性方程的图像,如 y = mx + c,描点后形成一条直线。


9. Statistics: Data Handling | 统计:数据处理

Data: A collection of information, often numbers, that can be organised and analysed.

数据: 一组可以整理和分析的信息,通常是数字。

Frequency: The number of times a particular value or event occurs.

频数: 某个特定值或事件出现的次数。

Tally Chart: A table using tally marks (groups of five) to record frequencies quickly.

划记表: 使用划记符号(每五条为一组)快速记录频数的表格。

Bar Chart: A graph using bars of equal width to show frequency; bar heights represent the counts.

条形图: 用等宽条形展示频数的图形;条形高度代表计数大小。

Pictogram: A chart that uses pictures or symbols to represent data, with a key showing what each symbol stands for.

象形图: 用图像或符号表示数据的图表,配有图例说明每个符号代表的数值。

Pie Chart: A circular chart divided into sectors, each sector showing a proportion of the whole.

饼图: 将圆形切分成多个扇区的图表,每个扇区表示整体中的一部分比例。

Mean: The average calculated by adding all values and dividing by the number of values.

平均数(均值): 将所有数值相加后除以数值的个数得到的平均值。

Median: The middle value when a data set is arranged in order.

中位数: 将一组数据按大小排序后位于中间的值。

Mode: The value that appears most frequently in a data set.

众数: 一组数据中出现次数最多的值。

Range: The difference between the largest and smallest values in a data set.

极差(范围): 一组数据中最大值与最小值的差。


10. Probability | 概率

Probability: A measure of how likely an event is to happen, expressed as a number between 0 (impossible) and 1 (certain), or as a fraction, decimal or percentage.

概率: 衡量某事件发生可能性的数值,介于 0(不可能)和 1(必然)之间,可以用分数、小数或百分数表示。

Event: One or more outcomes of a probability experiment, e.g., rolling a 4 on a die.

事件: 概率实验的一个或多个结果,如掷骰子得到 4。

Outcome: A possible result of a trial, e.g., heads or tails when flipping a coin.

结果: 一次试验的可能结果,如抛硬币出现正面或反面。

Equally Likely Outcomes: Outcomes that have the same chance of occurring, e.g., each face of a fair die.

等可能结果: 发生概率相同的结果,如均匀骰子的每个面。

Impossible Event: An event with probability 0, such

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