📚 Year 7 OCR Media: Key Terminology Memorisation Guide | 7年级OCR媒体：关键术语速记指南
Welcome to your first steps in Media Studies. This guide helps you quickly memorise the essential terms used in OCR Media at Year 7. Instead of just reading a list, you will find clear explanations paired with simple memory tricks. Each key concept is broken down so you can recall it confidently, both in class discussion and for your written tasks.
欢迎迈入媒体研究的第一步。这份指南将帮助你快速记住七年级OCR媒体课程中使用的核心术语。你看到的不是一份干巴巴的清单，而是配有清晰解释和简单记忆技巧的配对内容。每个关键概念都被拆解开来，让你在课堂讨论和书面任务中都能自信地回想起来。
1. Mise-en-scène | 场面调度
Mise-en-scène is a French term meaning 'everything placed in the scene'. It includes setting, props, costume, lighting, and the position of actors. To remember it, think 'mise' sounds like 'me's' and 'scène' like 'scene' – 'me's scene' – all the objects and details I put into my scene. Ask yourself: what does each element tell you about the characters or the mood?
“场面调度”是一个法语术语，意为“场景中布置的一切”。它包括场景、道具、服装、灯光以及演员的位置。为了记住它，可以联想“场面调度”四个字——把“场”看作战场，导演就是在调度战场上的一切。问自己：每个元素都在告诉你关于角色或情绪的什么信息？
- Setting – where and when the story takes place. / 场景 – 故事发生的时间和地点。
- Props – objects used by characters. / 道具 – 角色使用的物品。
- Costume – clothes that reveal personality or status. / 服装 – 揭示性格或地位的衣着。
- Lighting – can create shadow, warmth, or danger. / 灯光 – 可以制造阴影、温暖或危险感。
2. Camera Shots | 镜头景别
Camera shots describe how much of the subject or location is visible in the frame. A quick memory tip is to imagine your body: extreme long shot is like seeing a whole football pitch; long shot shows the full person; medium shot from waist up; close-up just the face; extreme close-up only an eye. The closer the shot, the more emotion we see.
镜头景别描述画面中主体或场景被看到的范围。快速记忆法是想象你的身体：远景就像看到整个足球场；全景显示整个人；中景从腰部以上；特写只有脸部；大特写只留一只眼睛。镜头越近，我们看到的情感越多。
| Shot Type | What You See | 景别 | 所看到的 |
| Extreme Long Shot (ELS) | Landscape, tiny figures | 远景 | 风景，人物极小 |
| Long Shot (LS) | Whole body from head to toe | 全景 | 从头到脚全身 |
| Medium Shot (MS) | Waist up | 中景 | 腰部以上 |
| Close-up (CU) | Face | 特写 | 脸部 |
| Extreme Close-up (ECU) | Eye, mouth, small detail | 大特写 | 眼睛、嘴巴等细节 |
3. Camera Angles | 镜头角度
Camera angles affect how we view a character' k big and powerful. Eye level feels equal and natural. Remember: high = small, low = tall.
镜头角度影响我们如何看待角色的力量或脆弱。如果摄影机俯视某人（高角度），他们会显得渺小软弱。仰视（低角度）则让角色显得高大有力。平视角度让人感觉平等自然。记住：高角度 = 渺小，低角度 = 强大。
- High angle – camera above, subject looks inferior. / 高角度 – 摄影机在上方，人物显弱势。
- Low angle – camera below, subject looks dominant. / 低角度 – 摄影机在下方，人物显权威。
- Eye level – neutral, equal connection with audience. / 平视 – 中性，与观众平等交流。
- Bird’s-eye view – directly above, like a map. / 鸟瞰 – 正上方视角，像地图一样。
4. Lighting: High Key and Low Key | 高调光与低调光
Lighting creates mood and reveals or hides details. High key lighting is bright, even, and often used in comedies or adverts – very little shadow. Low key lighting uses strong contrasts between light and dark, creating deep shadows; think of thriller or horror. 'High key' sounds cheerful; 'low key' sounds secretive.
灯光制造情绪，显露或隐藏细节。高调光明亮均匀，常用在喜剧或广告中——几乎没有阴影。低调光则制造强烈的明暗对比，产生深重阴影；联想到惊悚片或恐怖片。“高调”听起来欢快；“低调”听起来隐秘。
- High key – bright, minimal shadows, happy mood. / 高调光 – 明亮，阴影极少，幸福情绪。
- Low key – dark, strong shadows, mysterious or scary mood. / 低调光 – 黑暗，浓重阴影，神秘或恐怖情绪。
- Fill light – softens shadows. / 补充光 – 柔化阴影。
- Backlight – light behind the subject, creates silhouette. / 背光 – 主体背后的光，制造剪影。
5. Sound: Diegetic and Non-diegetic | 故事内声音与故事外声音
Diegetic sound comes from inside the story world – dialogue, footsteps, or a radio playing. Non-diegetic sound is added for the audience only – background music, voice-over, or sound effects the characters cannot hear. The word 'diegetic' contains 'die' – think 'die' sound is part of the scene's life. Or use 'D' for dialogue = diegetic.
故事内声音来自故事世界内部——角色可以听到，如对话、脚步声或收音机声。故事外声音仅为观众添加——背景音乐、旁白或角色听不到的音效。“故事内”这个说法本身就暗示了它属于叙事世界内部。用“内”字联想场景内的声音。
- Diegetic – sound the characters hear. / 故事内声音 – 角色能听到的声音。
- Non-diegetic – sound only the audience hears, like soundtrack. / 故事外声音 – 只有观众能听到，如配乐。
- Sound effect – any artificial sound added (can be diegetic or non-diegetic). / 音效 – 任何添加的人工声音（可以是故事内或外）。
6. Editing: Cut and Transition | 剪辑：切换与转场
Editing is choosing and arranging shots. A cut is the most common edit – one shot instantly becomes the next. Transitions are different: fade to black, dissolve (one image blends into the next), wipe (one image slides away). Remember: cuts are fast like scissors; transitions are slower and more noticeable. 'Jump cut' is when the action suddenly leaps forward, often to show time passing quickly.
剪辑是选择和安排镜头。切换是最常见的剪辑方式——一个镜头直接变为下一个。转场则不同：淡入黑场、叠化（一个画面融入下一个）、划变（一个画面滑开）。记住：切换像剪刀一样快；转场更慢更引人注意。“跳切”是指动作突然向前跳跃，常用来表现时间快速流逝。
- Cut – instant change of shot. / 切换 – 镜头的瞬间变化。
- Fade – image gradually goes to black or from black. / 淡入淡出 – 画面逐渐变黑或从黑显现。
- Dissolve – one image fades into another. / 叠化 – 一个画面淡入另一个画面。
- Montage – series of short shots edited together to suggest time or theme. / 蒙太奇 – 一连串短镜头组接在一起，暗示时间或主题。
7. Genre and Generic Conventions | 类型与类型惯例
Genre is a category of media text, like horror, comedy, or sci-fi. Generic conventions are the features audiences expect: a horror film might have a dark house, creepy music, and a jump scare. If you see these, you know the genre. Think of 'genre' as a cake recipe: the conventions are the ingredients. A chocolate cake always has cocoa; a horror always has suspense.
类型是媒体文本的类别，如恐怖、喜剧或科幻。类型惯例是观众期待的特征：一部恐怖片可能有黑暗的房子、毛骨悚然的音乐和跳跃惊吓。如果你看到这些，就知道是什么类型。把“类型”想象成蛋糕食谱：惯例就是配料。巧克力蛋糕总有可可粉；恐怖片总有悬疑。
- Horror – dark lighting, screams, isolated location. / 恐怖 – 暗淡灯光，尖叫，孤立地点。
- Comedy – bright setting, exaggerated expressions, silly dialogue. / 喜剧 – 明亮场景，夸张表情，滑稽对话。
- Sci-fi – advanced technology, space, futuristic costumes. / 科幻 – 先进科技，太空，未来服装。
- Hybrid genre – mix of two or more genres, e.g. romantic comedy. / 混合类型 – 两种或以上类型的结合，如爱情喜剧。
8. Representation and Stereotypes | 表征与刻板印象
Representation is how media portrays people, places, or ideas – it is not reality, but a constructed version. A stereotype is a simplified, often repeated representation, like the 'nerdy teenager' with glasses. Media uses stereotypes so audiences quickly understand a character. To remember 'representation', note the 're-' prefix: it means presenting again, reshaping reality.
表征是媒体如何描绘人物、地点或思想——它不是现实，而是构建的版本。刻板印象是一种简化且常常重复的表征，比如戴着眼镜的“书呆子少年”。媒体使用刻板印象来让观众快速理解角色。要记住“表征”，留意“表”字：就像表演一样，是对原貌的再次呈现。
- Representation – the construction of people or issues in media. / 表征 – 媒体中对人物或议题的构建。
- Stereotype – an oversimplified image or idea about a group. / 刻板印象 – 对某一群体过度简化的形象或观念。
- Countertype – a representation that challenges stereotypes. / 反刻板类型 – 挑战刻板印象的表征。
9. Denotation and Connotation | 外延意义与内涵意义
Denotation is what you literally see or hear – the dictionary definition. Connotation is the deeper meaning or feeling attached to that image or word. A red rose: denotation – a type of flower; connotation – love, romance, passion. One quick memory trick: D for 'denotation' is for 'direct'; C for 'connotation' is for 'cultural association'.
外延意义是你看到或听到的字面意思——字典定义。内涵意义是附着于那个图像或词语的深层含义或感受。一朵红玫瑰：外延意义——一种花卉；内涵意义——爱情、浪漫、激情。快速记忆：外“延”就像延伸出的直接意义；内“涵”则是内在的文化联想。
- Denotation – literal description, e.g. a skull is a bone structure. / 外延意义 – 字面描述，如骷髅头是骨骼结构。
- Connotation – associated meaning, e.g. skull means danger or death. / 内涵意义 – 联想意义，如骷髅头意味着危险或死亡。
- Anchorage – text that fixes the connotation of an image, like a caption. / 锚定 – 固定图像内涵的文字，如图说。
10. Target Audience and Demographics | 目标受众与人口统计
n. Psychographics focus on values, hobbies, and personality. A quick way to recall: demos = people; graphics = picture – a picture of the people. For psychographics, think 'psycho' = mind, so it's about mindsets.
目标受众是媒体产品旨在触达的特定群体。人口统计是可测量的特征：年龄、性别、收入、教育程度。心理统计则关注价值观、兴趣爱好和个性。快速记忆：人口统计——“人口”就是人群的统计；心理统计——“心理”指向内心世界。
- Target audience – primary group the text speaks to. / 目标受众 – 文本与之对话的主要群体。
- Demographic – age, gender, ethnicity, class. / 人口统计变量 – 年龄、性别、民族、阶层。
- Psychographic – lifestyle, beliefs, interests. / 心理统计变量 – 生活方式、信仰、兴趣。
- Niche audience – small, specialised group. / 小众受众 – 小规模专门群体。
11. Narrative and Enigma | 叙事与谜题
Narrative is simply the story – what happens and how it is told. Enigma refers to the questions or puzzles a story keeps from the audience to build suspense. Think of 'enigma' as 'enig-ma' – a mysterious box (ma) holding secrets. Whenever a film makes you ask 'who is the villain?' or 'what is in the box?', that's an enigma code at work.
叙事就是故事本身——发生了什么以及如何被讲述。谜题是指故事对观众设下的疑问或悬念，用以制造紧张感。把“谜题”想象成一个谜盒，故事每次让你问“反派是谁？”或“盒子里是什么？”，那就是谜题在起作用了。
- Narrative – the chain of events in a story. / 叙事 – 故事中的一连串事件。
- Enigma code – a puzzle that drives the story forward. / 谜题编码 – 推动故事发展的悬念。
- Linear narrative – events in chronological order. / 线性叙事 – 按时间顺序发生的事件。
- Non-linear narrative – events out of order, e.g. flashback. / 非线性叙事 – 事件不按顺序，如闪回。
12. Straight Recall Tips for All Terms | 所有术语的直接回忆技巧
Now that you have worked through each pair, use these general memory boosters. Create flashcards with the term on one side and a simple drawing plus definition on the other. Turn terms into short rhymes: 'Mise-en-scène – everything on the screen.' For camera shots, physically frame your friend with your hands in a rectangle. Watch short film clips and pause to name every shot, angle, and lighting choice you see. Speak the terms out loud in sentences: 'The low angle makes the monster seem massive.' The more senses you involve, the faster you will remember.
现在你已经逐对学习了所有术语，可以使用这些通用的记忆增强方法。制作抽认卡，一面写术语，另一面画简单示意图和定义。把术语编成短小押韵：“场面调度——场景一切安排好。” 对于镜头，用双手在眼前搭出矩形框去取景朋友。观看短片时，随时暂停并说出每个景别、角度和灯光选择。大声用句子说出术语：“低角度让怪物显得庞大。” 你调动的感官越多，记忆得就越快。
Published by TutorHao | Media Studies Revision Series | aleveler.com
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