📚 Year 7 OCR English: Vocabulary Terminology Quick Guide | 7年级OCR英语：词汇术语速记指南
Mastering vocabulary terminology is the foundation of success in Year 7 OCR English. This quick guide introduces essential terms you will encounter throughout the course, from parts of speech to figurative language and punctuation. Each term is explained clearly with examples, followed by a matching Chinese explanation to support bilingual learning and quick recall.
掌握词汇术语是七年级OCR英语成功的基础。本速记指南将介绍你在课程中会遇到的基本术语，从词性到修辞手法，再到标点符号。每个术语都用清晰的例子进行解释，并附有相应的中文说明，帮助双语学习和快速记忆。
1. Nouns | 名词
A noun is a word used to identify a person, place, object, or idea. In English, nouns can be classified into several types: common nouns name general things (e.g., 'city', 'book'), proper nouns name specific entities and begin with capital letters (e.g., 'Oxford', 'Monday'), abstract nouns refer to ideas or qualities that you cannot touch (e.g., 'love', 'freedom'), and collective nouns represent a group of people or things (e.g., 'team', 'flock'). Recognising nouns helps you build clear sentences and understand who or what the sentence is about.
名词是用来识别人、地点、事物或概念的词。英语中的名词可以分为几种类型：普通名词指一般事物（例如'city'，'book'），专有名词指特定实体且首字母大写（例如'Oxford'，'Monday'），抽象名词指无法触摸的思想或品质（例如'love'，'freedom'），集合名词表示一群人或事物（例如'team'，'flock'）。识别名词有助于你构造清晰的句子，并理解句子所涉及的人物或事物。
To remember the types, think of the acronym 'CAPA': Common, Abstract, Proper, Collective. For example, in the sentence 'The flock of sheep grazed peacefully near Oxford,' 'flock' is a collective noun, 'sheep' is a common noun, 'Oxford' is a proper noun, and 'peacefully' is an adverb (which we will cover later).
为了记住这些类型，可以使用首字母缩略词'CAPA'：Common（普通）、Abstract（抽象）、Proper（专有）、Collective（集合）。例如，在句子'The flock of sheep grazed peacefully near Oxford'中，'flock'是集合名词，'sheep'是普通名词，'Oxford'是专有名词，而'peacefully'是副词（稍后会讲到）。
Quick tip: If you can see, touch, or count it, it's probably a common or concrete noun. If it's an idea, it's abstract.
小贴士：如果你能看见、触摸或计数，那很可能是普通名词或具体名词。如果是一个概念，那就是抽象名词。
2. Verbs | 动词
Verbs are action words or state-of-being words. They describe what the subject does (action verbs like 'run', 'think', 'build') or what the subject is (linking verbs such as 'is', 'seem', 'become'). Verbs also indicate tense, showing when an action happens: past ('walked'), present ('walk'), or future ('will walk'). Helping verbs (also called auxiliary verbs) like 'have', 'do', and 'be' join with main verbs to form verb phrases: 'She has been reading.' Modal verbs ('can', 'must', 'should') express ability, obligation, or possibility.
动词是表示动作或状态的词。它们描述主语的动作（行为动词，如'run'、'think'、'build'）或主语的状态（系动词，如'is'、'seem'、'become'）。动词还表示时态，即动作发生的时间：过去时（'walked'）、现在时（'walk'）或将来时（'will walk'）。助动词（如'have'、'do'、'be'）与主要动词结合构成动词短语：'She has been reading.'。情态动词（'can'、'must'、'should'）表达能力、义务或可能性。
In OCR English, you will often analyse verbs to understand mood and tone. Imperative verbs give commands ('Stop!'), while descriptive verbs create vivid images ('whisper' instead of 'say'). Keep a list of powerful verbs to enhance your creative writing.
在OCR英语中，你常常要通过分析动词来理解语气和语调。祈使动词发出命令（'Stop!'），而描述性动词能创造生动的画面（用'whisper'代替'say'）。收集一份强有力的动词列表，可以提升你的创意写作。
Quick tip: To find the verb, ask 'What is the subject doing?' Or 'What is the subject like?' The answer is your verb.
小贴士：要找到动词，就问“主语在做什么？”或“主语是什么样的？”答案就是动词。
3. Adjectives | 形容词
Adjectives modify nouns or pronouns, giving more information about size, colour, quality, quantity, or other attributes. For example: 'a tall building', 'three red apples', 'an exciting story'. Adjectives can be comparative (comparing two things: 'taller', 'more beautiful') or superlative (comparing three or more: 'tallest', 'most beautiful'). In English, adjectives usually come before the noun or after linking verbs: 'The sky is blue.'
形容词用来修饰名词或代词，提供关于大小、颜色、品质、数量或其他属性的更多信息。例如：'a tall building'（一座高楼）、'three red apples'（三个红苹果）、'an exciting story'（一个激动人心的故事）。形容词有比较级（比较两者：'taller'、'more beautiful'）和最高级（比较三者或以上：'tallest'、'most beautiful'）。英语中，形容词通常放在名词前或系动词后：'The sky is blue.'（天空是蓝色的。）
Using a range of adjectives makes your descriptions more precise and engaging. Instead of 'nice', try 'delightful', 'charming', or 'superb'. Always check that your adjective agrees in sense with the noun—avoid overused words.
使用多样的形容词能让你的描述更准确、更吸引人。不要总用'nice'，可以尝试'delightful'、'charming'或'superb'。始终注意形容词与名词在意义上的搭配，避免过度使用陈词。
Quick tip: When editing your work, search for the word 'very' and replace it with a stronger adjective. 'Very big' becomes 'enormous'.
小贴士：编辑文章时，搜索'very'这个词，并用一个更有力的形容词替换它。'very big'可以变成'enormous'。
4. Adverbs | 副词
Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. They often tell how (manner: 'quickly'), when (time: 'yesterday'), where (place: 'outside'), or to what extent (degree: 'almost'). Many adverbs end in '-ly', but not all: 'fast', 'hard', 'well' are also adverbs. In the sentence 'She sang beautifully,' the adverb 'beautifully' describes how she sang.
副词用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。它们通常表示方式（如'quickly'）、时间（如'yesterday'）、地点（如'outside'）或程度（如'almost'）。许多副词以'-ly'结尾，但并非全部：'fast'、'hard'、'well'也是副词。在句子'She sang beautifully'中，副词'beautifully'描述了她唱歌的方式。
Adverbs can be moved around in a sentence for effect: 'Quietly, he closed the door.' When writing, be careful not to overuse adverbs; strong verbs often work better ('He sprinted' instead of 'He ran quickly').
副词可以在句子中移动以产生强调效果：'Quietly, he closed the door.'（他轻轻地关上了门。）写作时，注意不要过度使用副词；有力的动词往往效果更好（用'He sprinted'代替'He ran quickly'）。
Quick tip: If you can ask 'how?', 'when?', or 'where?' about a verb, the answer is likely an adverb.
小贴士：如果能对动词提出“怎样？”“何时？”或“哪里？”，那么答案很可能是一个副词。
5. Pronouns | 代词
Pronouns replace nouns to avoid repetition and make sentences flow smoothly. Personal pronouns include subject forms (I, you, he, she, it, we, they) and
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