📚 Year 7 OCR English: Vocabulary & Terminology Quick Revision Guide | Year 7 OCR 英语：词汇术语速记指南
Understanding vocabulary and literary terminology is key to success in Year 7 OCR English. This quick revision guide breaks down the most important terms you need to know, from figurative language and sound devices to word classes and narrative voice. Each term is explained with clear examples and memory tricks to help you recall them in exams.
掌握词汇和文学术语是 Year 7 OCR 英语成功的关键。这份速记指南为你梳理了必须掌握的最重要术语，从比喻语言和声音手法到词类和叙述视角。每个术语都配有清晰的解释和记忆窍门，助你在考试中轻松回忆。
1. Key Literary Devices | 关键文学手法
Literary devices are techniques writers use to create special effects or meaning in their texts. They include figurative language, sound patterns, structural choices and more. Recognizing these devices helps you analyse how a writer achieves a certain mood or message.
文学手法是作家用来在作品中营造特殊效果或意义的技巧。它们包括比喻语言、声音模式、结构选择等。识别这些手法能帮助你分析作者如何实现特定的氛围或信息。
In Year 7 OCR English, you are expected to identify basic devices such as simile, metaphor, alliteration and personification, and to explain their effect on the reader. Building a solid terminology toolkit early makes later analysis much easier.
在 Year 7 OCR 英语中，你需要识别基本的文学手法，如明喻、暗喻、头韵和拟人，并解释它们对读者的影响。尽早建立一个扎实的术语工具箱能让后续的分析轻松许多。
2. Figurative Language: Simile & Metaphor | 比喻语言：明喻与暗喻
A simile compares two different things using the words 'like' or 'as'. For example, 'The moon was like a silver coin.' This helps the reader picture the moon by linking it to something familiar.
明喻使用 'like' 或 'as' 来比较两种不同的事物。例如：'月亮像一枚银币。' 这帮助读者通过联系熟悉的事物来想象月亮。
A metaphor directly states that one thing is another, without using 'like' or 'as'. Example: 'The classroom was a zoo.' This creates a stronger, more immediate image, suggesting chaos and noise.
暗喻直接陈述一件事物是另一件事物，不使用 'like' 或 'as'。例如：'教室是个动物园。' 这创造出更强烈、更即时的形象，暗示混乱和喧闹。
Memory tip: Simile = 'similar' (both start with 's'), and it uses 'like' or 'as'. Metaphor = 'mega' comparison, more direct. Think 'M' for metaphor, 'M' for 'mighty'.
记忆提示：明喻 (Simile) 与 'similar' (相似的) 开头相同，都含有 's'，并使用 'like' 或 'as'。暗喻 (Metaphor) 可联想 'mega' (巨大的) 比较，更直接。记住 'M' 代表 metaphor，也代表 'mighty' (强大的)。
3. Personification & Hyperbole | 拟人与夸张
Personification gives human qualities to non-human things. For instance, 'The wind whispered through the trees.' Wind cannot whisper, but the phrase makes it feel gentle and secretive.
拟人赋予非人类事物以人的特质。例如：'风在树林间低语。' 风不能低语，但这个短语让风感觉温柔而神秘。
Hyperbole is extreme exaggeration used for emphasis or effect. Example: 'I've told you a million times.' This is not literally true, but it stresses the speaker's frustration.
夸张是为了强调或效果而使用的极端夸大。例如：'我已经告诉你一百万次了。' 这在字面上不真实，但强调了说话者的沮丧。
Quick recall: Personification = 'person' inside the word. Hyperbole sounds like 'hyper' – over the top. Think of a hyperactive child exaggerating everything.
快速记忆：Personification 里含有 'person' (人)。Hyperbole 听起来像 'hyper' (过度兴奋)，意思是过火。想象一个过度活跃的孩子夸大每件事。
4. Sound Devices: Alliteration & Onomatopoeia | 声音手法：头韵与拟声词
Alliteration is the repetition of the same sound at the beginning of words close together. Example: 'Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.' The repeated 'p' sound creates rhythm and draws attention to the phrase.
头韵是紧密相邻的单词开头重复相同的音。例如：'Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.' 重复的 'p' 音创造了节奏，吸引读者注意。
Onomatopoeia is when a word imitates the sound it describes. Words like 'buzz', 'crash', 'sizzle', and 'murmur' are onomatopoeic. They make descriptions more vivid and engaging.
拟声词是模仿其所描述声音的词。像 'buzz' (嗡嗡声)、'crash' (撞击声)、'sizzle' (咝咝声) 和 'murmur' (低语声) 都是拟声词。它们让描写更加生动、引人入胜。
Memory aid: Alliteration = same 'letter' at the start. Onomatopoeia has 'poeia' – think of a poet trying to capture sounds.
记忆辅助：Alliteration 可看作 'same letter' (相同字母)。Onomatopoeia 含 'poeia'，联想诗人 (poet) 捕捉声音。
5. Imagery and Sensory Language | 意象与感官语言
Imagery is language that appeals to the five senses: sight, sound, smell, taste, and touch. It paints a picture in the reader's mind. For example, 'The icy wind cut through her coat and left a trail of goosebumps on her skin.' This uses touch and sight imagery.
意象是诉诸五种感官（视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉、触觉）的语言。它在读者脑海中绘制画面。例如：'冰冷的风穿透她的外套，在她的皮肤上留下一串鸡皮疙瘩。' 这里使用了触觉和视觉意象。
Sensory language is the specific choice of words to describe what a character experiences. Writers use adjectives, adverbs and strong verbs to build imagery. Always ask: What can I see, hear, smell, taste or feel?
感官语言是特意选择的词汇，用以描述角色的感受。作家使用形容词、副词和强力动词来构建意象。永远要问：我能看到、听到、闻到、尝到或感觉到什么？
Tip: Use the acronym SIGHT as a reminder, but remember all five senses: sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch. Imagery makes writing come alive.
窍门：用 SIGHT (视觉) 提醒自己，但要记住全部五种感官。意象让写作活灵活现。
6. Structure: Rhyme, Rhythm & Repetition | 结构：押韵、节奏与重复
Rhyme occurs when words have the same ending sound, often used in poetry. Example: 'The cat in the hat / sat on a mat.' Rhyme schemes can be described with letters (e.g. ABAB).
押韵指单词结尾发音相同，常用于诗歌。例如：'The cat in the hat / sat on a mat.' 押韵格式可用字母表示（如 ABAB）。
Rhythm is the beat or flow of language. It is created by stressed and unstressed syllables. Poets and songwriters use rhythm to make lines memorable.
节奏是语言的节拍或流动。它通过重读和非重读音节形成。诗人和词作者利用节奏使诗句朗朗上口。
Repetition is a technique where words or phrases are repeated to emphasize an idea or feeling. For example, 'Never give up, never give in, never stop trying.' Repetition reinforces determination.
重复是一种技巧，通过重复单词或短语来强调某种想法或情感。例如：'永不放弃，永不言败，永不停止尝试。' 重复强化了决心。
Exam tip: When analysing structure, state what effect the rhyme or rhythm has on the mood – a fast rhythm can suggest excitement, while a slow rhythm might feel calm or sad.
考试提示：分析结构时，要说明押韵或节奏对氛围的影响——快节奏可以暗示兴奋，而慢节奏可能让人感到平静或悲伤。
7. Voice and Point of View | 语态与叙述视角
The narrator is the voice telling the story. Identifying the narrator's point of view is essential. First person uses 'I' or 'we'; the narrator is a character in the story. Example: 'I walked into the haunted house.'
叙述者是讲故事的声音。识别叙述者的视角至关重要。第一人称使用 '我' 或 '我们'；叙述者是故事中的角色。例如：'我走进了鬼屋。'
Third person uses 'he', 'she', 'they'. If the narrator knows all characters' thoughts and feelings, it is third person omniscient. If only one character's thoughts are known, it is third person limited.
第三人称使用 '他'、'她'、'他们'。如果叙述者知道所有角色的想法和感受，就是第三人称全知视角。如果只知道一个角色的想法，则是第三人称有限视角。
Second person ('you') is rare but sometimes used to directly involve the reader: 'You open the door and feel a chill.'
第二人称 ('你') 很少见，但有时用于直接让读者参与：'你打开门，感到一阵寒意。'
Remember: 'I' inside first person, 'he/she' for third. Think of a camera: limited view stays with one character; omniscient floats above everyone.
记忆：第一人称含 'I'，第三人称用 'he/she'。想象摄像机：有限视角紧贴一个角色；全知视角悬浮在所有角色上方。
8. Word Classes: Nouns, Verbs, Adjectives, Adverbs | 词类：名词、动词、形容词、副词
Nouns are words that name people, places, things or ideas. Common nouns (e.g. 'dog', 'city') are general; proper nouns (e.g. 'London', 'Emma') name specific ones and need capital letters.
名词是表示人、地点、事物或想法的词。普通名词（如 'dog', 'city'）是泛称；专有名词（如 'London', 'Emma'）指特定名称，首字母需大写。
Verbs are action or state words. Dynamic verbs show actions (e.g. 'run', 'create'), while stative verbs describe states (e.g. 'believe', 'own').
动词是动作或状态词。动态动词表示动作（如 'run', 'create'），而状态动词描述状态（如 'believe', 'own'）。
Adjectives describe nouns (e.g. 'blue sky', 'tall tower'). Adverbs describe verbs, adjectives or other adverbs, often ending in '-ly' (e.g. 'quietly', 'very').
形容词描述名词（如 'blue sky', 'tall tower'）。副词描述动词、形容词或其他副词，常以 '-ly' 结尾（如 'quietly', 'very'）。
Quick check: If you can place 'a' or 'the' before a word, it is probably a noun. If it tells you 'how' something is done, it is likely an adverb.
快速检查：如果能加 'a' 或 'the'，可能是名词。如果告诉你做某事的方式 '如何'，很可能是副词。
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