📚 Year 7 OCR Physics: Vocabulary and Terminology Quick Memorisation Guide | Year 7 OCR 物理：词汇术语速记指南
This guide is designed to help Year 7 learners rapidly memorise the essential physics vocabulary required for the OCR curriculum. We will break down each key term with a clear definition and a memorable trick, so you can recall them effortlessly during lessons and tests.
本指南旨在帮助 Year 7 学生快速记忆 OCR 物理课程必备的核心词汇。我们将逐一拆解每个关键术语，给出清晰的定义和巧妙的记忆方法，让你在课堂和考试中轻松调用这些概念。
1. Forces and Motion | 力与运动
A force is simply a push or a pull that can change an object’s motion, shape or direction. Think of the word ‘force’ as something that forces an object to move – like you forcing a heavy door open.
力就是推或拉，它可以改变物体的运动、形状或方向。把 force（力）联想成“迫使”的意思——就像你用力推开一扇沉重的门，迫使它移动。
Friction is a force that resists movement when two surfaces rub together. A quick way to remember it is to feel the warmth when you rub your hands: the resistance you feel is friction turning kinetic energy into heat.
摩擦力是两个表面相互摩擦时阻碍运动的力。快速记忆法：搓手时会感到热，那种抵抗感就是摩擦力把动能变成了热能。
When we talk about weight and mass, many students get confused. Mass is the amount of stuff in an object, measured in kilograms (kg), and it never changes. Weight is the force of gravity pulling on that mass, measured in newtons (N). Picture an astronaut: her mass is the same on the Moon, but her weight is only one‑sixth because gravity is weaker there.
说到重量和质量，很多同学会混淆。质量是物体所含物质的多少，单位是千克(kg)，它从不改变。重量是重力对质量的吸引力，单位是牛顿(N)。想象一位宇航员：她在月球上质量不变，但重量只有地球的六分之一，因为月球引力更弱。
Speed tells you how fast something is moving without caring about the direction. The formula is simple:
speed = distance ÷ time
速度描述物体运动得快慢，不考虑方向。公式很简单：速度 = 距离 ÷ 时间。联想一下汽车仪表盘，它只显示数值，不显示你往哪开。
2. Energy Forms and Transfers | 能量的形式与转移
Energy is the ability to do work. Even though you cannot see energy, you can observe its effects. Memorise the main energy stores with the mnemonic ‘GCSE KEN’: Gravitational potential, Chemical, Stretched elastic (strain), Electrostatic, Kinetic, Elastic potential, Nuclear (and also thermal, but that makes it ‘KENT’ if you add it).
能量是做功的本领。虽然你看不见能量，但你可以观察到它的效果。用英文首字母‘GCSE KEN’来记忆主要的能量储存方式：引力势能、化学能、应变弹性势能、静电能量、动能、弹性势能、核能（热能可以加进去变成‘KENT’）。
An energy transfer happens when energy moves from one store to another. For example, when you switch on a lamp, the electrical pathway transfers energy to the thermal and light stores of the bulb. Think of energy like money moving between bank accounts – the total amount stays the same, but it keeps changing places.
能量转移指的是能量从一个储存库转移到另一个储存库的过程。比如打开台灯时，电能通过电路转移，变成了灯泡的热能和光能。可以把能量想象成在不同银行账户之间流动的钱——总额不变，但位置不断变化。
The principle of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred, stored or dissipated. Remember it as the ‘magic pie rule’ – no matter how many slices you rearrange, the whole pie never shrinks.
能量守恒定律指出能量不能被创造或消灭，只能被转移、储存或耗散。把它记作“魔法派饼规则”——无论你怎么重新分块，整块派的大小永远不会缩小。
3. Electricity Basics | 电学基础
An electric current is the flow of electric charge, usually carried by tiny particles called electrons moving through a wire. Picture a river of marbles pushing each other along: the current is how many marbles pass a point per second.
电流是电荷的流动，通常由微小的电子在导线中移动形成。想象一下弹珠在管道里一个接一个地推动：电流就是每秒钟有多少弹珠通过某一点。
Voltage (potential difference) is the ‘push’ that drives the current around a circuit. It is measured in volts (V). Think of voltage as the steepness of a water slide: the steeper it is, the faster the water (or electrons) will flow.
电压（电位差）是推动电流在电路中流动的“推力”，单位是伏特(V)。把电压想象成水滑梯的陡峭程度：越陡，水流（或电子）就越快。
Resistance is anything that slows down the current. It is measured in ohms (Ω). A thin wire has more resistance than a thick one, just as a narrow corridor makes it harder for a crowd to pass through.
电阻是阻碍电流流动的因素，单位是欧姆(Ω)。细导线的电阻比粗导线大，就像狭窄的走廊让人群难以通行一样。
In a series circuit, components are connected end to end, so the same current flows through all of them. The phrase “one path only” helps you remember series – if one bulb breaks, all the others go out.
在串联电路中，元件首尾相连，流过每个元件的电流相同。用“唯一路径”来帮助记忆串联——如果一盏灯坏了，所有灯都会熄灭。
4. Waves and Sound | 波与声音
A wave is a disturbance that transfers energy from one place to another without transferring matter. There are two main types: transverse waves, where the oscillation is perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer (like a flicked rope), and longitudinal waves, where the oscillation is parallel (like a slinky pushed forward).
波是一种扰动，它传递能量而不传递物质。主要有两种类型：横波，振动方向与能量传递方向垂直（像甩动的绳子）；纵波，振动方向与能量传递方向平行（像推动一个弹簧玩具）。
Sound is a longitudinal wave that needs a medium (solid, liquid or gas) to travel through. It cannot travel in a vacuum. Remember “No medium, no sound” – that’s why in space, no one can hear you scream!
声音是一种纵波，需要介质（固体、液体或气体）才能传播，真空中无法传播。记成“没有介质就没有声音”——这就是为什么太空中没人能听到你的尖叫！
The loudness of a sound is related to the amplitude of the wave (the height of the wiggle). A larger amplitude means a louder sound. Think of hitting a drum harder to make a bigger vibration and thus a louder noise.
声音的响度与波的振幅（波动的幅度）有关。振幅越大，声音越响。想象你用力敲鼓，鼓面振动更大，声音自然更响。
The pitch of a sound depends on the frequency (how many waves pass a point per second), measured in hertz (Hz). A high‑pitched squeak has a high frequency; a low rumble has a low frequency. Picture a tiny mouse squeaking fast versus a giant elephant rumbling slowly.
声音的音调取决于频率（每秒通过的波数），单位是赫兹(Hz)。高频产生高音，像个吱吱叫的小鼠；低频产生低沉的隆隆声，像大象缓缓地低吼。
5. Matter and Particles | 物质与粒子
All matter is made of tiny particles. In solids, particles are tightly packed in a regular pattern and only vibrate in place. In liquids, particles are close together but can slide past each other. In gases, particles are far apart and move rapidly in all directions.
所有物质都是由微小的粒子构成的。固体中粒子紧密排列成规则结构，只能在原位振动。液体中粒子紧挨着但能相互滑动。气体中粒子相距很远，朝各个方向快速运动。
When a substance changes state, it is because the particles gain or lose energy. Melting (solid → liquid) and boiling (liquid → gas) require energy input. Freezing and condensing release energy. Think of the particles as dancers: when the music gets faster (more energy), they move more wildly and break out of formation (melting).
物质改变状态是因为粒子获得或失去了能量。熔化（固态→液态）和沸腾（液态→气态）需要输入能量。凝固和凝结会释放能量。把粒子想象成舞者：音乐加快（能量增加）时，他们动作变大，最终脱离队形（熔化）。
Diffusion is the spreading out of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. It happens in liquids and gases. A memory trick is to think of a drop of food colouring slowly colouring an entire glass of water – the particles move until they are evenly spread.
扩散是粒子从高浓度区域向低浓度区域散布的过程，发生在液体和气体中。记忆窍门是想象一滴食用色素在一杯水中慢慢扩散直至均匀——粒子不断运动直到分布均匀。
6. Space and Gravity | 空间与引力
Gravity is a force of attraction between any two objects that have mass. The larger the mass, the stronger the gravity. Earth’s gravity keeps the Moon in orbit and gives us our sense of weight. Think of gravity as an invisible rubber band pulling objects together.
引力是任何两个有质量的物体之间的吸引力。质量越大，引力越强。地球的引力让月球保持在轨道上，也赋予我们重量的感觉。把引力想象成一根看不见的橡皮筋，把物体拉向彼此。
In space, the Earth spins on its axis once every 24 hours, giving us day and night. The Earth also orbits (revolves around) the Sun once every 365.25 days. Use the phrase “spin for day, revolve for year” to keep them straight.
在太空中，地球每24小时绕自己的轴自转一圈，形成昼夜。地球还每365.25天绕太阳公转一圈。用“自转一天，公转一年”来区分这两个运动。
A planet must orbit a star, be nearly round in shape, and have cleared its neighbourhood of other objects. Our solar system has eight planets. The mnemonic “My Very Eager Mother Just Served Us Noodles” helps order them from the Sun: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.
行星必须围绕恒星运行、形状接近球形，并且清空了自己轨道附近的区域。太阳系有八大行星，用英文首字母记忆法：“My Very Eager Mother Just Served Us Noodles”对应水星、金星、地球、火星、木星、土星、天王星、海王星。
7. Measurement and Units | 测量与单位
Physicists rely on standard SI units so everyone speaks the same measurement language. Learn the big ones: length in metres (m), mass in kilograms (kg), time in seconds (s), temperature in degrees Celsius (°C) or kelvin (K), and force in newtons (N). Remember “MKS made easy”: Metre, Kilogram, Second.
物理学家使用标准国际单位制，这样大家都能用同一种测量语言。记住这几个主要的：长度用米(m)，质量用千克(kg)，时间用秒(s)，温度用摄氏度(°C)或开尔文(K)，力用牛顿(N)。用“米·千克·秒”这三大基本单位来记忆。
For very large or small numbers, we use prefixes: kilo‑ means thousand (1 km = 1000 m), centi‑ means hundredth (1 cm = 0.01 m), milli‑ icture a ladder: going up from milli to unit to kilo is like climbing steps of a thousand.
对于很大或很小的数字，我们用词头：千(kilo‑)表示一千（1公里 = 1000米），厘(centi‑)表示百分之一（1厘米 = 0.01米），毫(milli‑)表示千分之一（1毫米 = 0.001米）。想象一架梯子：从毫到基本单位再到千，每一步都跨过一千倍。
An independent variable is the one you change in an experiment; the dependent variable is what you measure. A handy memory sentence: “I change the Independent, and I measure the Dependent.”
自变量是实验中你主动改变的量；因变量是你测量的结果。一个简单的记忆句：“我改变自变量，然后测量因变量。”
8. Key Equations and Symbols | 关键公式与符号
OCR Year 7 introduces a few simple equations that express relationships in physics. Learn their symbols and meanings first: s for distance (or d), t for time, v or s for speed, F for force, W for weight, m for mass, g for gravitational field strength. Treat them like a secret code – once you know the letters, the equations become easy to read.
OCR Year 7 会初步接触几个简单的公式，表达物理量之间的关系。先记住它们的符号和含义：s (或d) 代表距离，t 代表时间，v (或s) 代表速度，F 代表力，W 代表重量，m 代表质量，g 代表引力场强。把它们当成一套密码——一旦你认识这些字母，公式就很容易看懂了。
The speed equation:
speed = distance ÷ time
d, you get distance/time. Cover distance, you get speed × time. It’s like a magic pyramid.
速度公式：速度 = 距离 ÷ 时间。用三角形法记忆：遮住你要求的量。遮住速度，得到 距离/时间。遮住距离，得到 速度×时间。像个魔法金字塔。
Weight and mass equation:
weight (N) = mass (kg) × gravitational field strength (N/kg)
On Earth, g ≈ 10 N/kg, so an object with a mass of 5 kg weighs about 50 N. Think of ‘weight’ as a ‘w’ shaped spring being pulled down by gravity.
重量与质量的关系：重量 (N) = 质量 (kg) × 引力场强 (N/kg)。 在地球上，g ≈ 10 N/kg，所以一个5 kg的物体重量约为50 N。想象‘weight’中的字母‘w’像一个被重力拉下去的弹簧。
Pressure formula:
pressure = force ÷ area
The same force over a smaller area gives higher pressure. That is why a sharp knife cuts better than a blunt one. Picture a heavy person on sharp high heels versus flat shoes – the heels exert greater pressure on the floor.
压强公式：压强 = 力 ÷ 面积。相同的力作用在更小的面积上，压强越大。这就是为什么锋利的刀比钝刀切东西更容易。想象一个重的人穿细高跟鞋和穿平底鞋——高跟鞋对地面的压强更大。
9. Circuit Components | 电路元件
Every circuit drawing uses symbols to represent the components. A cell (battery) provides the push; a lamp (bulb) converts electrical energy into light; a switch opens or closes the gap to control current flow. A fun visual: the cell symbol (long line and short line) looks like a big and small person – the bigger one pushes the smaller, just as a battery pushes electrons.
每个电路图都用符号来表示元件。电池（电源）提供推力；灯泡把电能转化成光；开关打开或闭合断口来控制电流。一个形象记忆法：电池符号（长线和短线）看起来像一大一小两个人——大个子的推动小个子，就像电池推动电子。
A resistor is drawn as a rectangle with connecting wires. It resists the flow of current. You can remember it because a resistor makes the current ‘rest’ (res‑t… resistor).
电阻器画成矩形连着导线，它阻碍电流通过。你可以把电阻 (resistor) 和“rest”（休息）联系起来，因为电阻让电流“休息”一下。
A voltmeter is always connected in parallel to measure voltage, and an ammeter is always in series to measure current. “Volt‑parallel, Am‑series” – V for volt, parallel paths; A for ammeter, series line.
电压表必须并联在元件两端来测电压，电流表必须串联在电路中测电流。记成“V并A串”——V代表电压，并联；A代表电流，串联。
10. Light and Reflection | 光与反射
Light travels in straight lines. This is called rectilinear propagation. We can see objects because light bounces off them into our eyes. The word ‘rectilinear’ sounds like ‘rectangle lines’ – straight, like the edges of a rectangle.
光沿直线传播，这叫做光的直线传播。我们能看见物体是因为光从物体反射到眼睛里。‘rectilinear’这个词听起来像‘rectangle lines’（矩形的线），表示笔直，就像矩形的边一样。
When light hits a smooth mirror, it reflects at the same angle it arrives. The law of reflection e of reflection (r), both measured from the normal (an imaginary line perpendicular to the surface). Picture a hockey puck bouncing off the boards – the angle in equals the angle out.
光射到光滑的镜面时，会以相同的角度反射出去。反射定律：入射角(i) = 反射角(r)，两者都从法线（垂直于表面的假想线）算起。想象冰球击中挡板——入射角等于反弹角。
A plane mirror produces a virtual image that is upright, same size as the object and laterally inverted (left and right swapped). You can test this by raising your left hand – your reflection appears to raise its right hand. The word ‘virtual’ reminds you it’s ‘virtually’ there but not real, like a virtual pet.
平面镜产生虚像，正立、与物体等大且左右颠倒。你可以试试举起左手，镜中的像会举起右手。‘virtual’这个词提醒你它只是“虚拟”存在，并非真实，就像电子宠物一样。
Published by TutorHao | Physics Revision Series | aleveler.com
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