📚 Year 7 AQA Statistics: Vocabulary & Terminology Quick-Reference Guide | Year 7 AQA 统计：词汇术语速记指南
Mastering the language of statistics is the first step to confident data handling. This quick-reference guide clearly defines every key term you will meet in Year 7 AQA Statistics, with paired English and Chinese explanations to reinforce understanding.
掌握统计学的语言是自信处理数据的第一步。本速记指南清晰定义了您将在 Year 7 AQA 统计课程中遇到的每一个关键术语，并提供配对的英文和中文解释以加深理解。
1. Types of Data | 数据类型
Data can be classified into different types. The first division is between qualitative and quantitative data.
数据可分为不同类型。第一个区分是定性数据和定量数据。
Qualitative data describes qualities, attributes or categories that cannot be measured with numbers. Examples: eye colour, car brand, type of pet.
定性数据描述无法用数字测量的质量、属性或类别。例如：眼睛颜色、汽车品牌、宠物类型。
Quantitative data consists of numerical measurements or counts. Examples: height, number of students, temperature.
定量数据由数值测量或计数组成。例如：身高、学生人数、温度。
Quantitative data can be further split into discrete and continuous data.
定量数据可进一步分为离散数据和连续数据。
Discrete data can only take specific, separate values – usually whole numbers. You count to get discrete data. Example: number of siblings (0, 1, 2, 3, …).
离散数据只能取特定的、分开的值——通常是整数。您通过计数获得离散数据。例如：兄弟姐妹的数量（0, 1, 2, 3, …）。
Continuous data can take any value within a given range. It is measured, not counted. Examples: height (158.2 cm), time (3.75 seconds), mass.
连续数据在一个给定范围内可取任何值。它是测量得来的，而不是计数得来的。例如：身高（158.2 厘米）、时间（3.75 秒）、质量。
2. Collecting Data | 数据收集
Knowing where data comes from helps you evaluate its reliability. We distinguish primary and secondary data.
了解数据的来源有助于您评估其可靠性。我们区分一手数据和二手数据。
Primary data is information you collect yourself for your own investigation. For example, asking classmates their favourite subject and recording the answers.
一手数据是您为了自己的调查而亲自收集的信息。例如，询问同学们最喜欢的科目并记录答案。
Secondary data is information that someone else has already collected. It might come from the internet, books, newspapers or a database. For instance, using website statistics about global temperatures.
二手数据是他人已经收集好的信息。它可能来自互联网、书籍、报纸或数据库。例如，使用关于全球气温的网站统计数据。
When gathering data, you can choose between a census and a sample.
在收集数据时，您可以在普查和样本之间选择。
A census collects data from every member of the population. It gives completely accurate results but is often time-consuming and expensive.
普查从总体中的每一个成员那里收集数据。它给出完全准确的结果，但通常耗时且昂贵。
A sample surveys only a part of the population. It is quicker and cheaper, but you must make sure the sample is fair and representative.
样本只调查总体的一部分。它更快、更便宜，但必须确保样本是公平且具有代表性的。
3. Organising Data | 数据整理
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