📚 Year 7 AQA Engineering: Rapid Recall Vocabulary Guide | 七年级AQA工程：词汇术语速记指南
Welcome to your essential vocabulary guide for Year 7 AQA Engineering. Mastering the language of engineering is a fundamental step towards understanding how things are designed, made, and improved. This resource presents key terms grouped into logical themes, giving each a clear English definition followed by its Chinese translation, helping you build confidence for lessons, homework, and assessments.
欢迎使用你的七年级AQA工程必要词汇指南。掌握工程语言是理解事物如何设计、制造和改进的基础一步。这份资源将关键术语按照合理的主题分组，并给出清晰的英文定义及其中文翻译，帮助你在课堂、作业和评估中建立信心。
1. Core Concepts of Engineering | 工程学核心概念
Engineer: A professional who uses scientific knowledge, mathematics, and creativity to develop solutions, design products, and improve systems for real-world problems.
工程师: 利用科学知识、数学和创造力来开发解决方案、设计产品并改进系统以应对现实世界问题的专业人员。
Design: The process of planning the appearance, function, and construction of a product or system before it is made, often involving sketches, models, and specifications.
设计: 在产品或系统制造之前规划其外观、功能和构造的过程，通常涉及草图、模型和规格说明。
Prototype: An early sample or working model of a product built to test concepts, identify flaws, and refine the design before full production.
原型: 一种产品的早期样品或工作模型，用于在全面生产前测试概念、发现缺陷并优化设计。
Iteration: A single cycle of designing, testing, evaluating, and improving a product; multiple iterations lead to a better final outcome.
迭代: 设计、测试、评估和改进产品的一个单次循环；多次迭代可以带来更好的最终成果。
Innovation: The introduction of a new idea, method, or technology that significantly improves a product or process, often making it more efficient or desirable.
创新: 引入新的想法、方法或技术，显著改进产品或流程，通常使其更高效或更具吸引力。
2. The Design Process | 设计流程
Design Brief: A short, clear statement outlining the problem to be solved, the needs of the user, and the purpose of the project, providing a starting point for all design work.
设计概要: 一份简短清晰的陈述，概述要解决的问题、用户需求以及项目目的，为所有设计工作提供起点。
Specification: A detailed list of criteria and constraints that the final design must meet, covering dimensions, materials, performance, cost, and safety requirements.
规格说明: 一份详细的准则与约束列表，最终设计必须满足这些要求，涵盖尺寸、材料、性能、成本和安全需求。
Constraints: Limitations or restrictions placed on a design, such as available time, budget, tools, materials, or environmental regulations that must be respected.
约束条件: 加在设计上的限制或制约，如可用的时间、预算、工具、材料或必须遵守的环保法规。
Evaluate: To judge the success of a design against the specification by testing, measuring, and collecting feedback, then identifying strengths and areas for improvement.
评估: 通过测试、测量和收集反馈，依据规格说明判断设计的成功程度，并找出优点和需要改进之处。
3. Structures and Forces | 结构与力
Structure: A framework or arrangement of parts designed to support loads, resist forces, and remain stable, such as bridges, towers, and frames.
结构: 用于支撑荷载、抵抗外力并保持稳定的部件框架或排列方式，例如桥梁、塔楼和骨架。
Load: An external force that acts on a structure; loads can be static (e.g. weight of furniture) or dynamic (e.g. wind, moving vehicles).
荷载: 作用在结构上的外部力；荷载可以是静载（如家具重量）或动载（如风、移动的车辆）。
Tension: A pulling force that tries to stretch or lengthen a material; cables in a suspension bridge experience tension.
张力: 试图拉伸或延长材料的拉力；悬索桥的缆索承受张力。
Compression: A pushing or squeezing force that tries to shorten or crush a material; columns in a building are under compression.
压力: 试图缩短或压碎材料的推力或挤压力；建筑物中的柱子承受压力。
Shear: A force that acts parallel to a surface, causing layers to slide past each other; rivets and bolts often resist shear forces.
剪力: 平行作用于表面的力，导致各层相互滑动；铆钉和螺栓通常抵抗剪力。
Truss: A framework of beams arranged in triangles to create a lightweight yet very strong structure, commonly used in roofs and bridges.
桁架: 由梁排列成三角形组成的框架，可以形成轻便且非常坚固的结构，常用于屋架和桥梁。
4. Materials and Their Properties | 材料及其特性
Material: Any substance used to make objects; common engineering materials include metals, polymers, ceramics, composites, and wood.
材料: 用于制造物体的任何物质；常见的工程材料包括金属、聚合物、陶瓷、复合材料和木材。
Property: A characteristic of a material that describes how it behaves, such as strength, hardness, conductivity, or flexibility.
特性: 描述材料行为的特征，例如强度、硬度、导电性或柔韧性。
Ductility: The ability of a material to be stretched into a wire without breaking; copper exhibits high ductility.
延展性: 材料被拉伸成丝而不断裂的能力；铜具有很高的延展性。
Hardness: A material's resistance to scratches, dents, or surface wear; diamonds and hardened steel are extremely hard.
硬度: 材料抵抗刮擦、压痕或表面磨损的能力；金刚石和淬火钢极其坚硬。
Toughness: The ability to absorb energy and deform without fracturing; tough materials can withstand impacts, like certain plastics and alloy steels.
韧性: 吸收能量并在不断裂的情况下变形的能力；韧性材料能承受冲击，例如某些塑料和合金钢。
Elasticity: The property that allows a material to return to its original shape after a force is removed; rubber bands demonstrate high elasticity.
弹性: 材料在力移除后恢复原状的性质；橡皮筋表现出高弹性。
5. Mechanical Systems | 机械系统
Mechanism: A set of moving parts that work together to change an input motion and force into a desired output motion and force.
机构: 一组协同工作的运动部件，将输入的运动和力转换为所需的输出运动和力。
Lever: A simple machine consisting of a rigid bar that pivots around a fixed point (fulcrum) to lift or move a load with less effort.
杠杆: 一种简单机械，由一根刚性杆绕固定点（支点）转动，可以用较小的力举起或移动荷载。
Mechanical advantage = Load ÷ Effort
机械效益 = 荷载 ÷ 作用力
Gear: A toothed wheel that meshes with another gear to transmit torque, change speed, or reverse direction of rotation.
齿轮: 一种带齿的轮子，与另一个齿轮啮合，用以传递扭矩、改变转速或旋转方向。
Pulley: A wheel with a grooved rim that holds a rope or belt, used to change the direction of a force and sometimes multiply force in block-and-tackle systems.
滑轮: 一个带有凹槽轮缘的轮子，用于卡住绳索或皮带，可改变力的方向，有时在滑轮组系统中可以增大力。
Linkage: An assembly of bars and joints designed to transfer motion and force in a predictable way, often converting rotary motion to linear motion.
连杆机构: 由杆件和接头组成的装置，用于以可预测的方式传递运动和力，常将旋转运动转换为直线运动。
6. Electronics Basics | 电子基础
Circuit: A complete, closed path through which electric current can flow, typically containing a power source, conductors, and components like LEDs or resistors.
电路: 电流可以流通的完整闭合路径，通常包含电源、导体以及LED或电阻器等元件。
Resistor: An electronic component that limits or controls the flow of current in a circuit, protecting sensitive parts and dividing voltage.
电阻器: 一种限制或控制电路中电流的电子元件，可以保护敏感部件并分压。
LED (Light Emitting Diode): A semiconductor device that emits light when current passes through it in the correct direction; it is energy-efficient and long-lasting.
发光二极管: 一种半导体器件，当电流以正确方向通过时会发光；它节能且寿命长。
Switch: A component that can open or close a circuit, allowing the user to control whether current flows and the device is on or off.
开关: 可以断开或闭合电路的元件，使用户能够控制电流是否流动以及设备是否开启。
Conductor: A material that allows electricity to pass through easily, such as copper and aluminium, because it has free electrons.
导体: 允许电流轻易通过的材料，如铜和铝，因为它们具有自由电子。
Insulator: A material that prevents the flow of electricity, like rubber or plastic, used to protect users and separate conductive paths.
绝缘体: 阻止电流流动的材料，如橡胶或塑料，用于保护使用者并隔离导电通路。
7. Measurement and Marking Out | 测量与划线
Tolerance part with a specified length of 100 mm ± 0.5 mm must measure between 99.5 mm and 100.5 mm.
公差: 物理尺寸允许的变化范围；若零件规定长度为100 mm ± 0.5 mm，则必须介于99.5 mm至100.5 mm之间。
Vernier Caliper: A precision measuring tool with two sets of jaws, able to measure external, internal, and depth dimensions accurately to a fraction of a millimetre.
游标卡尺: 一种带有两组卡爪的精密测量工具，能精确测量外径、内径和深度，精度可达几分之一毫米。
Scriber: A sharp, hardened steel tool used to draw fine lines on metal or plastic during marking out, creating a precise guide for cutting or machining.
划线针: 一种锋利的淬硬钢制工具，在划线时用于在金属或塑料上绘制细线，为切割或加工提供精确引导。
Try Square: An L-shaped tool consisting of a stock and a blade at a perfect 90-degree angle, used to check squareness and mark perpendicular lines.
直角尺: 一种由尺座和尺身构成的L形工具，尺身与尺座成精确的90度角，用于检验垂直度和标记垂直线。
Datum: A reference point, line, or surface from which measurements are taken, ensuring consistency across all dimensions of a component.
基准: 一个参考点、线或面，用以开始测量，确保零件所有尺寸的一致性。
8. CAD and Digital Manufacturing | 计算机辅助设计与数字化制造
CAD (Computer-Aided Design): The use of software to create 2D drawings or 3D models of products, allowing easy modification, simulation, and dimensioning before physical making.
计算机辅助设计: 使用软件创建产品的二维图纸或三维模型，便于在实物制作前进行修改、仿真和标注尺寸。
CAM (Computer-Aided Manufacturing): The use of computer software to control machine tools and 3D printers directly from a CAD file, automating the cutting or building process.
计算机辅助制造: 使用计算机软件直接根据CAD文件控制机床和3D打印机，实现切割或构造过程的自动化。
3D Modelling: The process of developing a mathematical representation of a three-dimensional object using points, edges, and faces within CAD software.
三维建模: 在CAD软件中使用点、边和面开发三维物体的数学表示的过程。
CNC (Computer Numerical Control): A system where a computer leads a machine, such as a router or lathe, to cut material precisely according to programmed coordinates.
计算机数控: 由计算机引导机器（如雕刻机或车床）按照编程坐标精确切割材料的系统。
Laser Cutter: A machine that uses a high-powered laser beam to cut, engrave, or mark materials like acrylic, plywood, and fabric with high precision.
激光切割机: 使用高功率激光束以高精度切割、雕刻或打标亚克力、胶合板和布料等材料的机器。
9. Workshop Safety | 车间安全
Risk Assessment: The process of identifying potential hazards in a workshop, evaluating how likely they are to cause harm, and putting measures in place to reduce the risk.
风险评估: 识别车间潜在危险、评估其造成伤害的可能性并采取措施降低风险的过程。
PPE (Personal Protective Equipment): Equipment worn to protect the worker from injury, including safety glasses, steel-toe boots, ear defenders, and dust masks.
个人防护装备: 为保护操作者免受伤害而穿戴的装备，包括安全眼镜、钢头鞋、耳罩和防尘口罩。
Emergency Stop: A large, red, easily accessible button on a machine that instantly cuts power, stopping all movement to prevent accidents.
急停按钮: 机器上一个显眼的红色大型按钮，易于触及，可瞬间切断电源，停止所有运动以防止事故。
Ventilation: The provision of fresh air, often using extraction fans, to remove fumes, dust, and vapours, keeping the breathing atmosphere safe.
通风: 提供新鲜空气，常使用抽风机，以清除烟雾、粉尘和蒸气，保持呼吸环境安全。
Hazard: Anything with the potential to cause harm, such as sharp blades, hot surfaces, moving machine parts, or slippery floors.
危险源: 任何可能造成伤害的事物，如锋利的刀片、高温表面、运动的机器部件或湿滑的地面。
10. Sustainable Engineering | 可持续工程
Sustainability: Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, by balancing environmental, social, and economic factors.
可持续性: 在不损害后代满足其自身需求的能力的前提下，满足当代人的需求，平衡环境、社会和经济因素。
Renewable Material: A resource that can be replenished naturally over a relatively short period, such as bamboo, wool, and timber from certified forests.
可再生材料: 可以在相对较短时间内自然再生的资源，如竹子、羊毛和来自认证森林的木材。
Recyclable: The ability of a material to be collected, processed, and turned into new products; common examples include aluminium, glass, paper, and some plastics.
可回收: 材料能够被收集、加工并制成新产品的特性；常见例子包括铝、玻璃、纸张和某些塑料。
Carbon Footprint: The total amount of greenhouse gases, primarily carbon dioxide, released into the atmosphere as a result of a product's manufacture, use, and disposal.
碳足迹: 产品在制造、使用和处置过程中排放到大气中的温室气体总量，主要为二氧化碳。
Lifecycle Analysis: A method used to assess the environmental impact of a product from raw material extraction, through manufacturing and use, to disposal or recycling.
生命周期分析: 用于评估产品从原材料获取、制造和使用到处置或回收的整个过程中对环境影响的方法。
Published by TutorHao | Engineering Revision Series | aleveler.com
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