Year 7 AQA PE: In-Depth Analysis of Past Exam Questions | Year 7 AQA 体育：历年真题深度解析

📚 Year 7 AQA PE: In-Depth Analysis of Past Exam Questions | Year 7 AQA 体育：历年真题深度解析

Exam practice is the most effective way to build confidence and deepen understanding in Physical Education. This article unpacks typical Year 7 AQA-style questions, topic by topic, giving you model answers, common pitfalls and examiner-friendly explanations. Whether you are preparing for end-of-topic tests or building foundations for GCSE PE, this deep dive into past-style questions will sharpen your knowledge and boost your grades.

真题演练是建立体育学科信心、加深理解最有效的方法。本文按主题逐一拆解典型的 Year 7 AQA 风格试题，提供标准答案、常见错误和符合考官口味的解释。无论你是在准备单元测试，还是为 GCSE 体育打基础，这次对历年风格真题的深度解析都能让你的知识更扎实、成绩更亮眼。

1. Understanding Health, Fitness and Well-being | 理解健康、体适能与幸福

Question: Which of the following statements best describes 'health'? A) The ability to run a marathon B) A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being C) Having strong muscles D) Being free from injury only

问题： 以下哪项陈述最恰当地描述了“健康”？ A) 跑完马拉松的能力 B) 身体、心理和社会完全安宁的状态 C) 拥有强壮的肌肉 D) 仅仅没有受伤

Answer: B. According to the World Health Organisation, health is not just the absence of disease or infirmity, but a complete state of physical, mental and social well-being. Option A describes a specific component of fitness, option C refers to muscular strength, and option D is too limited.

答案： B。根据世界卫生组织的定义，健康不仅是没病没痛，而是身体、心理和社会完全安宁的状态。选项 A 描述的是体适能的某一成分，选项 C 指的是肌肉力量，选项 D 范围过窄。

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2. Skeletal System and Bone Identification | 骨骼系统与骨骼辨识

Question: The humerus is located in the: A) Leg B) Arm C) Spine D) Foot

问题： 肱骨位于： A) 腿部 B) 手臂 C) 脊柱 D) 足部

Answer: B. The humerus is the long bone in the upper arm, running from the shoulder to the elbow. The femur is in the leg, vertebrae form the spine, and the tarsals are in the foot. Learn to label a skeleton diagram accurately.

答案： B。肱骨是上臂的长骨，从肩膀延伸至肘部。股骨在腿部，椎骨构成脊柱，跗骨在足部。务必学会准确标注骨骼示意图。

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3. Muscular System and Movement | 肌肉系统与动作

Question: Which muscle contracts to bend the arm at the elbow? A) Triceps B) Quadriceps C) Biceps D) Hamstrings

问题： 手臂在肘部弯曲时，哪块肌肉收缩？ A) 肱三头肌 B) 股四头肌 C) 肱二头肌 D) 腘绳肌

Answer: C. The biceps is the prime mover (agonist) when flexing the elbow. The triceps acts as the antagonist during this movement, relaxing to allow the bend. Quadriceps and hamstrings are leg muscles.

答案： C。肘部屈曲时肱二头肌是主动肌（原动肌）；肱三头肌作为拮抗肌舒张以配合弯曲。股四头肌和腘绳肌是腿部肌肉。

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4. Components of Fitness | 体适能的组成成分

Question: A gymnast performing a handstand for 10 seconds mainly requires which component of fitness? A) Agility B) Balance C) Cardiovascular endurance D) Speed

问题： 体操运动员保持倒立10秒主要需要哪项体适能成分？ A) 灵敏 B) 平衡 C) 心血管耐力 D) 速度

Answer: B. Balance is the ability to maintain the centre of mass over the base of support, either static (still) or dynamic (moving). A handstand is a static balance. Agility involves changing direction quickly, CV endurance is for prolonged activity, and speed is about moving rapidly.

答案： B。平衡指将身体重心保持在支撑面之上的能力，分为静态和动态。倒立属于静态平衡。灵敏涉及快速变向，心血管耐力用于持续活动，速度关乎快速移动。

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5. Principles of Training – FITT | 训练原则 – FITT

Question: A runner wants to improve her cardiovascular fitness. She increases her running distance from 3 km to 5 km. Which FITT principle is being changed? A) Frequency B) Intensity C) Time D) Type

问题： 一位跑者想提升心血管适能，她把跑步距离从3公里增加到5公里。改变的是哪项FITT原则？ A) 频率 B) 强度 C) 时间 D) 类型

Answer: C. Increasing the distance means she is training for a longer duration, which relates to Time. Intensity would be about running faster or adding hills, Frequency is how often she runs, and Type refers to the kind of exercise.

答案： C。增加距离意味着训练持续时间变长，对应时间原则。强度指跑得更快或增加坡度，频率指多久跑一次，类型指运动种类。

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6. Warm-up and Cool-down | 热身与整理活动

Question: A cool-down should include: A) High-intensity sprints B) Static stretching and low-intensity exercise C) Heavy weightlifting D) Maximum push-ups

问题： 整理活动应包含： A) 高强度冲刺 B) 静态拉伸与低强度运动 C) 大重量举重 D) 最大次数俯卧撑

Answer: B. A cool-down helps the body return to its resting state gradually. It typically includes light jogging or gentle movements followed by static stretching to reduce muscle stiffness and remove waste products. High-intensity work would be counterproductive.

答案： B。整理活动帮助身体逐渐恢复至休息状态，通常包括慢跑或轻松活动，随后进行静态拉伸，以减轻肌肉僵硬并清除代谢废物。高强度运动反而适得其反。

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7. Skill Classification – Continuums | 技能分类 – 连续体

Question: A free throw in basketball is an example of which type of skill? A) Open and gross B) Closed and fine C) Closed and gross D) Open and fine

问题： 篮球罚球属于哪类技能？ A) 开放、粗大 B) 封闭、精细 C) 封闭、粗大 D) 开放、精细

Answer: C. A free throw is performed in a stable, predictable environment (closed) and uses large muscle groups (gross). It is not open because the opponent does not directly interfere with the shooter at that moment. Fine skills use small muscles, like a dart throw.

答案： C。罚球在稳定、可预测的环境中进行（封闭），并且动用大肌肉群（粗大）。说它不是开放技能是因为此时对手不会直接干扰投篮者。精细技能使用小肌肉群，如投飞镖。

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8. Goal Setting – SMART Targets | 目标设定 – SMART 目标

Question: "I will improve my bleep test score by two levels in eight weeks." Which part of the SMART principle makes this effective? A) Realistic B) Time-bound C) Specific D) Measurable

问题： “我将在八周内把我的折返跑成绩提高两级。” 是哪项 SMART 原则使这个目标有效？ A) 切合实际的 B) 有时限的 C) 具体的 D) 可衡量的

Answer: B. While all SMART aspects are present, the phrase 'in eight weeks' directly provides a clear deadline, making the target time-bound. The target is also specific and measurable, but the question highlights the time limitation.

答案： B。虽然目标涵盖了所有 SMART 要素，但“在八周内”直接给出了明确的截止时限，因此它体现了有时限的原则。该目标也是具体且可衡量的，但题目强调的是时间限制。

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9. Measuring Heart Rate and Exercise Intensity | 心率和运动强度测量

Question: A 12-year-old student's maximum heart rate can be estimated using the formula 220 – age. Using this, what is a suitable target heart rate zone for moderate exercise (60–70% of maximum)? A) 95–110 bpm B) 120–140 bpm C) 150–170 bpm D) 180–200 bpm

问题： 一名12岁学生的最大心率可用公式 220 - 年龄估算。据此，中等强度运动（最大心率的 60–70%）的合适目标心率区间是多少？ A) 95–110次/分 B) 120–140次/分 C) 150–170次/分 D) 180–200次/分

Answer: B. Max HR = 220 – 12 = 208 bpm. 60% of 208 ≈ 125 bpm, 70% ≈ 146 bpm, giving a range of roughly 125– on B fits this range closely. Work through the calculation step by step in exam questions.

答案： B。最大心率 = 220 – 12 = 208 次/分。208 的 60% 约 125 次/分，70% 约 146 次/分，区间约 125–146 次/分。只有选项 B 接近这一范围。考试时需逐步计算。

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10. Immediate and Short-term Effects of Exercise | 运动的即刻和短期效应

Question: During a 400 m sprint, the body produces energy without using oxygen. Which by-product causes muscular fatigue? A) Carbon dioxide B) Lactic acid C) Water D) Adrenaline

问题： 400米冲刺时，身体在无氧条件下供能。哪种副产物会导致肌肉疲劳？ A) 二氧化碳 B) 乳酸 C) 水 D) 肾上腺素

Answer: B. High-intensity, short-duration exercise relies on the anaerobic system, which produces lactic acid. Accumulation of lactic acid contributes to the burning sensation and temporary muscle fatigue. Carbon dioxide is produced during aerobic respiration.

答案： B。高强度短时运动依靠无氧系统供能，产生乳酸。乳酸堆积引发灼烧感和暂时性肌肉疲劳。二氧化碳是在有氧呼吸过程中产生的。

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11. Interpreting Data – Fitness Test Results | 解读数据 – 体能测试结果

Question: A student's handgrip dynamometer score increased from 22 kg to 28 kg after 6 weeks of training. Two other students showed no change. What conclusion can be reliably drawn? A) All students improved strength B) The training programme was successful for everyone C) Only the measured student showed measurable strength improvement D) Handgrip test is inaccurate

问题： 一名学生经过6周训练后，握力计成绩从22千克升至28千克，另两名学生无变化。能可靠得出什么结论？ A) 所有学生力量都提高了 B) 训练计划对每个人都成功 C) 只有被测量的这名学生显示可测定的力量提升 D) 握力测试不准确

Answer: C. Based on the data provided, only one student's result changed; you cannot generalise to the whole group. Always limit conclusions to the evidence shown. The test may be accurate, but individual responses to training differ.

答案： C。根据所给数据，只有一名学生成绩变化，不能推广到全组。结论必须局限于给出的证据。测试本身可能是准确的，但个体对训练的反应不同。

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12. Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them | 常见错误与避坑指南

Exam Tip: Many Year 7 students lose marks by writing one-word answers when a full sentence explaining the effect is required. For example, when asked 'Explain how the skeleton contributes to movement,' do not just write 'joints.' A model answer would be: 'The skeleton provides levers and attachment points for muscles. When muscles contract, they pull on bones across a joint, causing movement.'

考试提示： 许多 Year 7 学生因只写一个词而丢分，题目往往要求用一个完整的句子解释效应。例如问“解释骨骼如何促进运动”，不要只写“关节”。标准答案应为：“骨骼为肌肉提供杠杆和附着点；肌肉收缩时通过关节牵拉骨骼，引起运动。”

Additional advice: Always read the command word – 'identify,' 'describe,' 'explain,' or 'evaluate' – and structure your answer accordingly. Use PE-specific terminology like 'flexion,' 'extension,' 'abduction,' and 'adduction' where appropriate. Keep a glossary of key terms next to your revision notes.

额外建议： 务必看清指令词——“识别”、“描述”、“解释”或“评估”，并据此组织答案。在恰当处使用屈曲、伸展、外展、内收等专项术语。在复习笔记旁备一份关键术语词汇表。

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