📚 AQA Year 7 Drama: Quick-Reference Guide to Key Vocabulary | AQA 七年级戏剧：关键词汇速记指南
Building a strong vocabulary is the first step to becoming a confident performer and a thoughtful audience member. In Year 7 Drama, you will explore practical exercises, devise short scenes, and begin to evaluate your own work and the work of others. This guide breaks down the essential terminology you need to discuss acting, staging, design and dramatic techniques with precision. Use it as a quick-reference tool to sharpen your descriptions, strengthen your written reflections, and deepen your understanding of how theatre works.
建立牢固的词汇基础，是成为自信的表演者和有思考能力的观众的第一步。在七年级戏剧课上，你将通过实践练习、创编短剧，并开始评估自己和他人的作品。本指南分解了你在讨论表演、舞台、设计和戏剧手法时所需的关键术语。请把它当作速查工具，来让你的描述更精准，书面反思更有力，并加深你对戏剧运作方式的理解。
1. Stage Directions | 舞台方位
The stage is divided into specific areas so actors and directors can plan movement accurately. Stage directions are always given from the performer’s point of view when facing the audience.
舞台被划分为特定区域，以便演员和导演精确规划行动。舞台方位始终以演员面对观众时的视角为准。
Upstage – the area of the stage furthest from the audience.
舞台后方 – 离观众最远的舞台区域。
Downstage – the area of the stage closest to the audience.
舞台前方 – 离观众最近的舞台区域。
Centre Stage – the middle of the acting area, often used for moments of high importance.
舞台中央 – 表演区的正中间，常用于最重要的时刻。
Stage Left – the performer’s left when facing the audience (the audience sees it on their right).
舞台左侧 – 演员面对观众时的左手边（观众看来是右侧）。
Stage Right – the performer’s right when facing the audience (the audience sees it on their left).
舞台右侧 – 演员面对观众时的右手边（观众看来是左侧）。
Wings – the offstage spaces to the sides of the stage where actors wait to enter.
侧台 – 舞台两侧的幕后区域，演员在此等候上场。
Apron – the part of the stage that extends in front of the main curtain.
前伸台 – 舞台主幕前延伸出来的部分。
2. Vocal Skills | 声音技巧
An actor’s voice can create mood, reveal character and drive the story. You should be able to name specific vocal choices and explain their effect.
演员的声音可以营造情绪、揭示角色特征并推动剧情。你需要能够说出具体的声音选择并解释它们的效果。
Pitch – how high or low the voice sounds; a high pitch might suggest excitement or nervousness, while a low pitch can convey authority or menace.
音高 – 声音听起来的高或低；高音可能暗示兴奋或紧张，低音则可传达权威或威胁。
Pace – the speed at which lines are spoken; rapid pace can build tension, slow pace can suggest sorrow or importance.
语速 – 台词被说出的速度；快速可制造紧张感，慢速可暗示悲伤或重要性。
Pause – a deliberate break in speech; it can create suspense, give time for thought, or show a character’s difficulty in speaking.
停顿 – 台词中有意的间断；它能制造悬念、提供思考时间，或展现角色说话的困难。
Tone – the emotional quality of the voice, such as warm, cold, aggressive or gentle.
语气 – 声音中的情感品质，如温暖、冷漠、咄咄逼人或温柔。
Volume – how loud or quiet the voice is; a sudden drop to a whisper can be just as powerful as a shout.
音量 – 声音的响度；突然降到耳语可能与高声喊叫一样具有冲击力。
Projection – using breath and resonance to make the voice carry to the back of the audience without shouting.
声音投射 – 用气息和共鸣让声音传到观众席后排，而非吼叫。
Accent – a distinctive way of pronouncing words often linked to a region or social group; it helps show where a character comes from.
口音 – 与地区或社会群体相关的独特发音方式；有助于展示角色的出身背景。
3. Physical Skills | 身体技巧
The body is a tool for communication on stage. Precise physical choices bring characters to life and tell the audience what words might leave unsaid.
身体是舞台上沟通的工具。精确的身体选择能让角色鲜活起来，并把台词未尽的信息传递给观众。
Posture – the way a character holds their body; a straight spine can show confidence, while slumped shoulders might suggest defeat or shyness.
体态 – 角色身体保持的姿态；挺直的脊背可展现自信，耷拉的肩膀则可能暗示挫败或害羞。
Gesture – a movement of the hand or arm to convey meaning, such as pointing, waving or clenching a fist.
手势 – 用手或手臂传递含义的动作，如指向、挥手或握拳。
Facial Expression – using the face muscles to show emotion; raised eyebrows, a frown or a smile all communicate instantly.
面部表情 – 调动面部肌肉展现情感；扬眉、皱眉或微笑都能立刻传达信息。
Gait – a character’s way of walking; a heavy stride can signal domination, while light, quick steps might indicate nervous energy.
步态 – 角色的行走方式；沉重的步伐可表示支配欲，而轻快的小碎步可能表现出紧张不安。
Body Language – the overall signals sent by posture, gestures and movement combined, often revealing a character’s inner thoughts.
肢体语言 – 体态、手势和动作结合在一起传递的整体信号，常能揭示角色的内心想法。
Levels – the height at which an actor performs, e.g. standing, sitting, crouching or lying down; contrast in levels can show status or power relationships.
高度层次 – 演员表演时所在的高度，如站立、坐下、蹲下或躺下；层次对比能表现地位或权力关系。
4. Characterisation and Role | 角色塑造与扮演
Creating a believable character involves choices about voice, body and inner life. Key terms help you describe how an actor builds a role.
塑造一个可信的角色，涉及对声音、身体和内心世界的选择。以下关键术语有助于描述演员如何构建角色。
Role on the Wall – an outline of a character drawn on paper, with internal thoughts written inside and external facts written outside. It helps you explore a character's hidden feelings and public image.
角色墙 – 在纸上画出的人物轮廓，内部书写内心想法，外部书写外在事实。这能帮助你探索角色的隐秘情感和公众形象。
Hot-seating – a technique where one person sits in role and answers questions from the rest of the group, developing deeper understanding of the character.
坐针毡 – 一种练习：一人以角色身份就坐并回答其他人的提问，从而深化对角色的理解。
Thought-tracking – speaking a character’s inner thoughts aloud at a particular moment, often while frozen in a still image.
思路追踪 – 在特定时刻大声说出角色的内心独白，通常在定格画面中进行。
Monologue – a long speech delivered by one character, revealing their thoughts and feelings to the audience.
独白 – 由一个角色说出的长段台词，向观众展示其思想和情感。
Fourth Wall – the imaginary wall between the stage and the audience. Most naturalistic performances maintain this wall, but breaking it can create direct audience engagement.
第四堵墙 – 舞台与观众之间想象中的一堵墙。大多数自然主义表演保持此墙，但打破它能制造直接的观众互动。
5. Dramatic Techniques and Conventions | 戏剧手法与惯例
Drama uses specific conventions to structure performances and communicate meaning quickly. These terms will appear in devising sessions and when analysing extracts.
戏剧使用特定惯例来架构表演并快速传达意义。这些术语会出现在创编课和片段分析中。
Still Image (Freeze Frame) – a frozen picture created by actors using their bodies; it captures a key moment and allows the audience to read visual clues.
静止画面（定格） – 演员用身体创造的冻结画面；它捕捉关键时刻，让观众解读视觉线索。
Tableau – a group still image that tells a story or shows a relationship, often with careful levels and spacing.
舞台造型 – 讲述故事或展现关系的一组人静止图像，常注重高度层次和间距。
Cross-cutting – jumping back and forth between two or more scenes to highlight contrasts or connections.
交叉剪辑 – 在两个或多个场景之间来回跳跃，以突显对比或联系。
Marking the Moment – a technique that draws attention to the most important moment in a scene, e.g. using slow motion, a spotlight or a line repeated chorally.
定格瞬间 – 一种突出场景中最重要时刻的手法，如使用慢动作、追光或齐声重复台词。
Narration – a character or outside voice telling the story directly to the audience, often linking scenes or offering commentary.
旁白叙述 – 角色或画外音直接向观众讲述故事，常用于串联场景或提供评论。
Split Stage – dividing the performance space so two different locations or time periods are shown at once.
分屏舞台 – 分割表演空间，以便同时展现两个不同地点或时间段。
6. Lighting | 灯光
Lighting shapes mood, directs focus and can even suggest a location. You do not need to operate a lighting desk to use these terms in your analysis.
灯光塑造情绪、引导焦点，甚至可以暗示地点。你无需操作灯控台便可在分析中使用这些术语。
Flood – a wide beam of light that covers a large area of the stage evenly.
泛光 – 覆盖大片舞台区域的宽光束。
Spotlight – a tight, focused beam that isolates a single performer or object.
追光 – 紧凑集中的光束，用于突出一位演员或一件物品。
Gobo – a metal or glass stencil placed in front of a light to project a pattern or image (e.g. leaves, windows, stars).
图案片 – 放置在灯前的金属或玻璃模板，可投射出图案或影像（如树叶、窗户、星星）。
Colour Gel – a thin coloured sheet placed in front of a light to change its hue; warm colours (red, amber) can evoke fire or anger, cool colours (blue, teal) can suggest night or sadness.
色纸 – 置于灯前的彩色薄片，用以改变光线色调；暖色（红、琥珀）可唤起火或愤怒，冷色（蓝、青）可暗示夜晚或悲伤。
Blackout – a sudden switch-off of all lights, often used to end a scene dramatically or show a passage of time.
黑场 – 所有灯光突然熄灭，常用于戏剧性地结束场景或表现时间流逝。
Fade – a gradual increase (fade up) or decrease (fade down) in lighting intensity.
渐亮/渐暗 – 灯光强度逐渐增强（渐亮）或减弱（渐暗）。
7. Sound | 音效与音响
Sound can be as important as what you see on stage. Understanding sound terms will help you discuss atmosphere and storytelling.
声音可能与舞台上的视觉同等重要。理解音响术语将帮助你讨论氛围和叙事。
Diegetic Sound – sound that comes from within the world of the play, e.g. a doorbell the characters hear or a radio on stage.
剧情内声音 – 源自戏剧世界内部的声音，如角色听到的门铃声或舞台上的收音机声。
Non-diegetic Sound – sound added for the audience’s benefit that characters cannot hear, such as tension-building music or a narrator’s voice-over.
剧情外声音 – 为观众添加而角色听不到的声音，如营造紧张氛围的音乐或旁白画外音。
Sound Effect (SFX) – a recorded or live sound used to create a particular effect, like thunder, footsteps or a car horn.
音效 – 为创造特定效果而使用的录制或现场声音，如雷声、脚步声或汽车喇叭。
Underscore – quiet background music that runs underneath dialogue to build emotion.
背景配乐 – 在对话下方轻轻播放的背景音乐，以积累情绪。
Live Sound – sound made by actors during the performance, e.g. clapping, stomping or vocal effects created without recorded help.
现场音效 – 演员在表演过程中制造的声音，如击掌、跺脚或不借助录音的人声效果。
Amplification – using microphones and speakers to make voices or sounds louder and clearer.
扩音 – 使用麦克风和扬声器让声音或人声更响亮清晰。
8. Costume, Hair and Make-up | 服装、发型与化妆
Costume is not just about clothes; it communicates time period, status, personality and the journey a character undergoes.
服装不仅仅是衣服；它传达时代背景、地位、性格以及角色的经历变化。
Period Costume – clothing that accurately reflects the fashion of a specific historical era.
时代服装 – 精确反映特定历史时期时尚的服装。
Stylised Costume – non-realistic clothing that uses colour, shape and symbols to suggest ideas rather than real life.
风格化服装 – 非写实的服装，运用色彩、形状和符号来暗示理念，而非模拟现实生活。
Colour Symbolism – using colour in costume to represent mood or character traits, e.g. red for danger or passion, white for innocence.
颜色象征 – 在服装中运用颜色代表情绪或角色特质，如红色代表危险或激情，白色代表纯真。
Accessories – items such as hats, bags, jewellery or glasses that add detail to a character.
配饰 – 帽子、包袋、首饰或眼镜等物品，为角色增添细节。
Make-up Design – plans for how make-up will shape a character’s face, e.g. using exaggerated lines in a stylised performance or ageing techniques in a naturalistic play.
化妆设计 – 如何通过化妆塑造角色面容的规划，如在风格化表演中夸张的线条，或在自然主义戏剧中使用的老龄化技巧。
Hair Style – the choice of wig or styled hair to indicate period, status or personality.
发型 – 选择假发或设计发型，以体现时代、地位或性格。
9. Props and Set | 道具与布景
The set is the physical environment in which the actors perform, and props are the objects they handle. Both help the audience ‘read’ the world of the play.
布景是演员表演的物理环境，道具是他们手持的物品。两者都能帮助观众“读懂”戏剧世界。
Set – the constructed scenery that indicates place and period; it can be realistic (a detailed room) or symbolic (a few blocks representing a city).
布景 – 指示地点和时代的搭建场景；可以是写实的（一间细致的房间）或象征性的（几块积木代表一座城市）。
Props (Properties) – objects used by actors during a performance, e.g. a letter, a sword or a cup. Personal props are carried by a specific character.
道具 – 演员在表演中使用的物品，如信件、剑或杯子。随身道具由特定角色携带。
Levels and Platforms – raised areas or rostra that add height and visual interest to the stage plane.
层次与平台 – 增加舞台高度和视觉趣味性的升高区域或台架。
Flats – lightweight wooden frames covered with canvas or board, painted to look like walls, often used in traditional sets.
景片 – 覆盖帆布或板材的轻质木框，上色后看起来像墙壁，常用于传统布景。
Minimal Set – a sparse stage design where audiences use their imagination to fill in what they cannot see.
极简布景 – 稀疏的舞台设计，观众通过想象填补看不见的部分。
Backdrop – a large painted cloth hung at the back of the stage to show a setting, such as a forest or a city skyline.
背景幕 – 挂在舞台后部的巨幅画布，用以展示场景，如森林或城市天际线。
10. Style, Genre and Structure | 风格、体裁与结构
Recognising the style and genre of a piece helps you understand its conventions and the audience’s expectations. These terms often appear in the context of script analysis or devising briefs.
识别一部作品的风格和体裁有助于你理解其惯例与观众的期待。这些术语常在剧本分析或创编任务中出现。
Naturalism – a style that aims to recreate real life on stage as truthfully as possible, with realistic sets, everyday language and believable characters.
自然主义 – 一种力求在舞台上尽可能真实地再现现实生活的风格，配有写实布景、日常语言和可信的角色。
Stylised Theatre – performance that deliberately departs from realism, using symbolic movement, exaggerated gestures or abstract design elements.
风格化戏剧 – 有意背离现实主义，使用象征性动作、夸张手势或抽象设计元素的表演。
Physical Theatre – a style where the body is the primary storytelling tool, often combining dance, mime and acrobatics.
形体戏剧 – 以身体为主要叙事工具的表演风格，常结合舞蹈、哑剧和特技。
Tragedy – a serious genre where the main character suffers a downfall, often evoking pity and fear.
悲剧 – 主角遭受毁灭的严肃体裁，常唤起观众怜悯与恐惧。
Comedy – a light-hearted genre designed to amuse the audience, often ending happily and using misunderstandings or exaggerated characters.
喜剧 – 旨在娱乐观众的轻松体裁，通常以美满结局收场，并运用误会或夸张角色。
Melodrama – a genre with strong emotions, clear heroes and villains, and dramatic music cues underscoring the action.
情节剧 – 具有强烈情感、清晰正反派以及戏剧性配乐烘托动作的体裁。
Climax – the point of highest tension in a drama, after which the outcome becomes inevitable.
高潮 – 戏剧中紧张度达到顶点的时刻，此后结局已无可避免。
Anti-climax – a deliberately disappointing resolution that subverts the build-up of tension, often for comic or ironic effect.
反高潮 – 故意让人失望的结局，颠覆了张力的积累，常用于制造喜剧或讽刺效果。
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