📚 Year 7 AQA Music: Essential Vocabulary Memorisation Guide | Year 7 AQA 音乐：词汇术语速记指南
Welcome to your Year 7 AQA Music revision guide focused on essential vocabulary. Understanding and memorising musical terms is the first step to describing, performing, and creating music with confidence. This guide breaks down key terms into categories with memorable tips, so you can quickly recall the right word when you hear or see a piece of music.
欢迎来到 Year 7 AQA 音乐必备词汇复习指南。理解和记忆音乐术语是自信地描述、表演和创作音乐的第一步。本指南将关键术语按类别分解，并附上记忆小窍门，帮助你在欣赏或演奏乐曲时迅速回想起正确的术语。
1. The Elements of Music (MAD T-SHIRT) | 音乐要素 (MAD T-SHIRT)
The word 'MAD T-SHIRT' is a mnemonic to remind you of the key musical elements: Melody, Articulation, Dynamics, Texture, Structure, Harmony, Instruments, Rhythm, and Tempo. Each time you describe music, try to mention several of these elements.
'MAD T-SHIRT' 是一个记忆口诀，用来提醒你音乐的关键要素：旋律 (Melody)、演奏法 (Articulation)、力度 (Dynamics)、织体 (Texture)、曲式 (Structure)、和声 (Harmony)、乐器 (Instruments)、节奏 (Rhythm) 和速度 (Tempo)。每次描述音乐时，试着从这些要素中挑选几个来谈。
For example, instead of just saying 'the song is happy', you could say 'the melody is lively, the tempo is fast, and the dynamics are mostly forte'. This shows you understand how the elements work together.
例如，不要只说“这首歌很欢快”，你可以说“旋律活泼、速度很快、力度大多在强奏”。这样就能展示你理解各要素是如何协同工作的。
2. Pitch & Melody | 音高与旋律
Pitch tells us how high or low a note sounds. A high pitch has a faster vibration, like a bird chirping; a low pitch has a slower vibration, like thunder rumbling.
音高表示一个音符听起来的高低。高音的振动更快，像小鸟的唧唧声；低音的振动较慢，像雷声隆隆。
Melody is a sequence of pitches that forms a tune — the bit you hum along to. Melodies can move by step (to the next door note) or by leap (jumping over notes). They can also ascend (go up) or descend (go down).
旋律是由一系列音高组成的曲调——就是你会跟着哼唱的那部分。旋律可以级进（移到相邻的音）或跳进（跳过一些音），也可以上行（往上走）或下行（往下走）。
Key words: Stepwise melody, Leaping melody, Ascending, Descending, Range (the distance between the highest and lowest note).
关键词：级进旋律、跳进旋律、上行、下行、音域（最高音与最低音之间的距离）。
3. Rhythm & Duration | 节奏与时值
Rhythm is the pattern of long and short sounds and silences in music. It is built from notes of different durations. The main note values in Year 7 are: Semibreve (whole note, 4 beats), Minim (half note, 2 beats), Crotchet (quarter note, 1 beat), Quaver (eighth note, ½ beat), and Semiquaver (sixteenth note, ¼ beat).
节奏是音乐中长短音和休止的组合模式，由不同时值的音符构成。Year 7 主要学习这些音符时值：全音符（4拍）、二分音符（2拍）、四分音符（1拍）、八分音符（½拍）和十六分音符（¼拍）。
Rests are silences that match note values: Semibreve rest, Minim rest, Crotchet rest, etc. A time signature tells you how many beats are in each bar — the top number shows beats per bar, the bottom number shows which note value gets one beat (e.g. 4/4 means four crotchet beats per bar).
休止符是与音符时值对应的安静停顿：全休止符、二分休止符、四分休止符等。拍号告诉你每小节有几拍——上方数字表示每小节的拍数，下方数字表示以哪种音符为一拍（例如 4/4 表示每小节有四拍四分音符）。
4. Tempo | 速度
Tempo is the speed of the beat. In AQA music you will often see Italian terms. The most common are: Largo (very slow and broad), Adagio (slow and stately), Andante (at a walking pace), Moderato (moderate speed), Allegro (fast and lively), and Presto (very fast).
速度是指节拍的快慢。在 AQA 音乐中你常会看到意大利术语。最常用的有：Largo（非常缓慢而宽广）、Adagio（缓慢而庄严）、Andante（步行速度）、Moderato（中速）、Allegro（快速而活泼）和 Presto（极快）。
A tip to remember: Imagine 'Allegro' sounds like 'allegro' = aller (French for 'to go') — it makes you want to move quickly. 'Largo' sounds like 'large, heavy steps', so it's slow.
记忆窍门：想象 'Allegro' 听起来像法语 'aller'（走）——让人想快速移动。'Largo' 听起来像 large（大的），迈着沉重的大步子，所以很慢。
5. Dynamics | 力度
Dynamics describe how loud or soft the music is. The basic Italian terms and symbols are: pp (pianissimo, very soft), p (piano, soft), mp (mezzo piano, moderately soft), mf (mezzo forte, moderately loud), f (forte, loud), ff (fortissimo, very loud).
力度描述音乐的强弱。基本的意大利术语和符号有：pp（很弱）、p（弱）、mp（中弱）、mf（中强）、f（强）、ff（很强）。
Gradual changes are called crescendo (gradually getting louder, symbol <) and diminuendo or decrescendo (gradually getting softer, symbol >). Remember 'crescendo' has 'cresc-' that sounds like 'increase'.
渐变的力度变化称为渐强（crescendo，符号 <）和渐弱（diminuendo 或 decrescendo，符号 >）。可以这样记：'crescendo' 里有 'cresc-'，听起来像 increase（增加）。
6. Articulation | 演奏法
Articulation tells us how notes are played or sung. Legato (smooth and connected, indicated by a slur) means notes flow into each other. Staccato (short and detached, shown by a dot above or below the note) makes notes sound separated and crisp.
演奏法指音符如何演奏或演唱。连奏（Legato，平滑连贯，用连线表示）让音符流畅通连。断奏（Staccato，短而分离，用音符上方或下方的小圆点表示）让音符听起来独立干脆。
Other terms: Accent (emphasising a note, > symbol), Tenuto (holding the note for its full value, shown by a short line), and Marcato (marked, a stronger accent, often shown as an upside-down V).
其他术语：重音（强调某个音符，符号 >）、保持音（将音符奏满时值，用短横线表示）和加强音（更重的重音，常表示为倒 V 符号）。
7. Texture | 织体
Texture describes how many layers of sound are heard and how they interact. Three main types for Year 7: Monophonic — a single melody line with no accompaniment (like one person singing alone). Homophonic — a main melody accompanied by chords (most pop songs). Polyphonic — two or more independent melodic lines woven together (like a round or fugue).
织体描述音乐中有多少声音层次以及它们如何互动。Year 7 主要学习三种：单声织体——只有一条旋律线，无伴奏（如一个人清唱）；主调织体——一条主旋律配上和弦伴奏（大多数流行歌曲）；复调织体——两条或更多独立旋律交织在一起（如轮唱或赋格）。
Unison means all performers play or sing the same notes at the same time — it sounds full but is actually monophonic.
齐奏（Unison）指所有表演者同时奏唱相同的音符——听起来饱满，但其实属于单声织体。
8. Structure & Form | 结构与曲式
Structure is how a piece of music is organised into sections. The simplest form is Binary (AB) — two contrasting sections. Ternary (ABA) has a first section, a contrasting middle, then the first section returns. Rondo form (ABACA) has a recurring A section between contrasting episodes.
结构指一首音乐作品如何组织成不同段落。最简单的曲式是二段体（AB）——两个对比乐段。三段体（ABA）先有一段主题，接一个对比中段，再回到第一段。回旋曲式（ABACA）则有一个反复出现的 A 段穿插在对比的插部之间。
Verse-chorus structure is used in countless pop songs: verses tell the story with changing lyrics, the chorus repeats with the same words and a memorable tune. An introduction and outro (or coda) frame the song.
主歌-副歌结构被无数流行歌曲使用：主歌用变化的歌词讲述故事，副歌反复相同歌词且曲调上口。引子和尾声将歌曲框定起来。
9. Timbre & Instruments | 音色与乐器
Timbre (tone colour) is the unique quality of a sound that helps us identify an instrument or voice even if they play the same pitch. Describing words include: warm, bright, dark, harsh, mellow, breathy, piercing, rich.
音色（Tone colour）是声音的独特质感，即使不同乐器奏出同一音高，我们也能借此辨认。描述音色的词有：温暖、明亮、暗淡、刺耳、柔和、带气声、尖锐、饱满。
The main instrument families in the orchestra: Strings (violin, viola, cello, double bass, harp), Woodwind (flute, clarinet, oboe, bassoon), Brass (trumpet, trombone, French horn, tuba), Percussion (timpani, snare drum, cymbal, xylophone). Keyboard instruments like piano and organ are also common.
管弦乐团的主要乐器家族：弦乐（小提琴、中提琴、大提琴、低音提琴、竖琴）、木管（长笛、单簧管、双簧管、巴松管）、铜管（小号、长号、圆号、大号）、打击乐（定音鼓、小军鼓、钹、木琴）。键盘乐器如钢琴和管风琴也很常见。
10. Harmony & Tonality | 和声与调性
Harmony is when two or more pitches sound at the same time, often as chords. A chord is built by stacking notes (usually in thirds). The most common chord is a triad (three notes: root, third, fifth).
和声是指两个或更多音高同时发声，通常构成和弦。和弦是叠置的音（通常按三度关系）。最常见的和弦是三和弦（三个音：根音、三音、五音）。
Tonality describes the overall key feeling. Music in a major key often sounds bright, happy, or positive. Music in a minor key often sounds sad, mysterious, or serious. Consonance sounds pleasant and stable; dissonance creates tension that wants to resolve.
调性描述整体的调的感觉。大调音乐往往听起来明亮、快乐或积极。小调音乐则常显得忧伤、神秘或严肃。和谐音程听起来悦耳稳定；不和谐音程产生紧张感，期待解决。
11. Expression & Signs | 表情与符号
Expression marks help performers interpret the music. A slur (a curved line over or under different notes) means play legato. A tie (curved line connecting two same-pitch notes) means hold the note for the combined value. Repeat signs (two dots beside a double bar line) tell you to replay a section.
表情记号帮助表演者诠释音乐。连音线（slur，跨不同音符的弧线）表示演奏要连贯。延音线（tie，连接两个同音高音符的弧线）表示将音符时值合并。反复记号（双纵线旁的两点）指示你要重新演奏某段。
D.C. (Da Capo) means go back to the beginning; D.S. (Dal Segno) means go back to the sign. A fermata (pause symbol) means hold the note longer than its written value. 1st and 2nd time bars show different endings for repeated sections.
D.C.（Da Capo）表示回到开头；D.S.（Dal Segno）表示回到记号处。延长记号（fermata）表示该音符比记写的时值拖得更长。第一结尾和第二结尾则表示反复乐段的两个不同结尾。
12. Memory Aids & Revision Tips | 记忆辅助与复习技巧
Create your own mnemonic for the order of terms: 'My Angry Dog Tries Sitting Happily In Rain Today' can stand for Melody, Articulation, Dynamics, Texture, Structure, Harmony, Instruments, Rhythm, Tempo. Draw a 'MAD T-SHIRT' mind map with branches for each element.
为术语顺序创建你自己的记忆口诀：“My Angry Dog Tries Sitting Happily In Rain Today” 可代表 Melody, Articulation, Dynamics, Texture, Structure, Harmony, Instruments, Rhythm, Tempo。画一幅 'MAD T-SHIRT' 思维导图，为每个要素画出分支。
For Italian terms, use flash cards with the word on one side and the English meaning plus a silly picture on the other. For note values, stick a chart on your wall and tap out rhythms daily. When listening to any song, try to name three elements you hear: tempo, dynamics, and texture are an easy start.
对于意大利术语，使用抽认卡，一面写单词，另一面写英文含义并画一个有趣的小图。对于音符时值，在墙上贴一张图表并每天拍打节奏。听到任何歌曲时，试着说出你听到的三个要素：速度、力度和织体是最容易上手的。
Published by TutorHao | Music Revision Series | aleveler.com
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