📚 Year 7 AQA Biology: Winter Break Intensive Revision Plan | 七年级 AQA 生物：寒假强化复习计划
The winter break offers a valuable opportunity for Year 7 students to consolidate their biology knowledge and build a strong foundation for the rest of the academic year. This intensive revision plan is designed around the AQA KS3 Science syllabus, focusing on key biology topics and active recall techniques to help you make the most of the holiday.
寒假为七年级学生提供了一个宝贵的契机，帮助他们巩固生物学知识，为剩余学年打下扎实基础。这份强化复习计划围绕AQA KS3科学大纲设计，重点关注关键生物主题和主动回忆技巧，助你充分利用假期。
1. Understanding Cells and Microscopy | 理解细胞与显微镜
All living things are composed of cells. Cells can be either unicellular (such as bacteria and some protists) or multicellular (like plants and animals).
所有生物都由细胞组成。细胞可以是单细胞的（如细菌和一些原生生物），也可以是多细胞的（如植物和动物）。
Both animal and plant cells share common structures: a nucleus that contains genetic material, cytoplasm where many chemical reactions occur, a cell membrane that controls what enters and leaves, mitochondria for aerobic respiration, and ribosomes for protein synthesis.
动物细胞和植物细胞都有共同结构：含有遗传物质的细胞核、进行化学反应的细胞质、控制物质进出的细胞膜、进行有氧呼吸的线粒体以及合成蛋白质的核糖体。
Only plant cells possess a rigid cell wall made of cellulose, chloroplasts containing chlorophyll for photosynthesis, and a large permanent vacuole that stores cell sap and helps maintain turgor pressure.
只有植物细胞才拥有由纤维素构成的坚硬细胞壁、含有叶绿素进行光合作用的叶绿体，以及一个储存细胞液并帮助保持膨压的大液泡。
ens, and then slowly focus away from the slide to avoid breaking it. Magnification is calculated as eyepiece magnification × objective magnification.
使用光学显微镜时，应将载玻片放在载物台上，先用低倍物镜，用粗准焦螺旋降低镜头，然后缓慢远离载玻片调焦，以免压碎玻片。放大倍数计算为目镜倍数×物镜倍数。
To prepare a temporary slide, place a thin specimen in a drop of water on a slide, add a stain such as iodine to highlight structures, and gently lower a coverslip at an angle to avoid air bubbles.
制作临时装片时，将薄样品放在载玻片的水滴中，加碘液等染液使结构清晰，用盖玻片以一定角度轻轻放下，避免产生气泡。
2. Levels of Organisation and Body Systems | 组织层级与身体系统
In multicellular organisms, cells are organised into levels: similar cells form a tissue, different tissues work together to form an organ, and organs coordinate to make up organ systems. For example, muscle cells form muscle tissue, which with other tissues forms the stomach — an organ of the digestive system.
在多细胞生物中，细胞组织分层次：相似的细胞构成组织，不同组织协同工作形成器官，而器官协调运作构成器官系统。例如，肌肉细胞构成肌肉组织，再与其他组织形成胃——消化系统的一个器官。
The major human organ systems include the digestive system, respiratory system, circulatory system, skeletal and muscular systems, nervous system, and reproductive system. Each has a specific role in keeping the body alive and healthy.
人体主要器官系统包括消化系统、呼吸系统、循环系统、骨骼和肌肉系统、神经系统以及生殖系统。每个系统在维持生命和健康中扮演特定角色。
Think of an analogy: a school is like an organism. The buildings are organs, bricks represent tissues, and the
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