📚 AQA Year 7 Physics: Vocabulary Quick-Memorisation Guide | AQA 7年级物理：关键术语速记指南
Mastering the language of physics is the first step to understanding how the world works. This guide breaks down the key terms you will meet in Year 7 AQA Physics, pairing clear definitions with simple memory tricks. By linking each word to a vivid image or idea, you will recall them faster in class, homework and tests.
掌握物理学的语言是理解世界如何运作的第一步。本指南拆解了你在 7 年级 AQA 物理中会遇到的關鍵術語，將清晰的定義與簡單的記憶技巧配對。通過將每個詞與生動的圖像或想法聯繫起來，你將在課堂、作業和測驗中更快地回憶起它們。
1. Forces: Push and Pull | 力：推與拉
A force is simply a push or a pull that acts on an object. Imagine a shopping trolley – you must push it forwards or pull it backwards to change its motion. All forces are measured in newtons (N).
力不過就是作用在物體上的一種推或拉。想像一輛購物車——你必須向前推或向後拉才能改變它的運動狀態。所有的力都以牛頓 (N) 為單位來量度。
Memory trick: the word 'force' sounds like 'fourth' – but think instead of 'enforce' – you need a push to enforce a change. One newton is roughly the weight of a small apple, just like the one that (according to the story) fell on Isaac Newton's head.
記憶技巧：'force' 這個詞聽起來像 'fourth'——但不如想想 'enforce'（推行）——你需要推力來推行改變。一牛頓大約相當於一個小蘋果的重量，就像傳說中砸在牛頓頭上的那個蘋果一樣。
Balanced forces cancel each other out, so the object stays still or keeps moving at a steady speed – like two equally strong teams in a tug of war. Unbalanced forces cause a change in speed or direction.
平衡力互相抵消，因此物體會靜止不動或以恒定速度移動——就像拔河比賽中兩支力量相等的隊伍。非平衡力則會引起速度或方向的變化。
2. Contact versus Non-contact Forces | 接觸力與非接觸力
A contact force only acts when two objects are touching. Examples include friction, air resistance and tension in a rope. Memory aid: a handshake is a contact force – you must be in physical contact.
接觸力只在兩個物體接觸時才產生作用。例子包括摩擦力、空氣阻力和繩索中的張力。記憶輔助：握手就是一種接觸力——你必須有身體上的接觸。
A non-contact force acts even when objects are apart. Gravity, magnetism and static electricity are non-contact forces. Think of a magnet pulling a paperclip without touching it – that is the magic of a non-contact force.
非接觸力即使在物體分開時也能作用。重力、磁力和靜電都是非接觸力。想像磁鐵隔空吸起迴形針——那就是非接觸力的魔力。
Remember: if you can see the two objects touching, it is likely a contact force. If the push or pull happens through empty space, it is non-contact.
記住：如果你能看到兩個物體接觸，那很可能是接觸力。如果推或拉的作用是隔空發生的，那就是非接觸力。
3. Gravity, Mass and Weight | 重力、質量與重量
Mass is the amount of 'stuff' in an object. It is measured in kilograms (kg) and stays the same everywhere – on Earth, on the Moon or floating in space. Weight is the pull of gravity on that mass. It is a force, so it is measured in newtons (N).
質量是物體所含「物質」的量。它以千克 (kg) 為單位，且在任何地方都保持不變——在地球、月球或太空中漂浮都一樣。重量是重力對該質量的拉力。它是一種力，因此以牛頓 (N) 量度。
Memory trick: Mass is the 'mountain' of matter; weight is the 'wait' of gravity pulling you down. On the Moon your mass is unchanged, but your weight is about 1/6 of that on Earth because gravity is weaker.
記憶技巧：Mass（質量）就像物質的「大山」；weight（重量）則是重力把你往下「等待」的拉力。在月球上你的質量不變，但重量大約只有地球上的 1/6，因為月球引力較弱。
Gravity is the non-contact force that pulls all objects with mass towards each other. On Earth, gravity pulls everything towards the centre of the planet and gives us weight.
重力是一種將所有有質量的物體互相吸引的非接觸力。在地球上，重力將所有東西拉向地心，並賦予我們重量。
4. Friction and Air Resistance | 摩擦力與空氣阻力
Friction is a contact force that opposes motion between two surfaces sliding past each other. It can be useful (stopping your shoes from slipping) or a nuisance (wearing down machine parts). Memory: 'friction' makes you think of 'rubbing' – rub your hands together and feel the warmth; that is friction turning kinetic energy into heat.
摩擦力是一種阻礙兩個相互滑動的表面之間運動的接觸力。它可能有用（防止你的鞋子滑倒），也可能帶來麻煩（磨損機器零件）。記憶：'friction' 讓你聯想到 'rubbing'（摩擦）——雙手互相摩擦並感受熱力；那就是摩擦力將動能轉化為熱能。
Air resistance (drag) is a type of friction that acts on objects moving through air. The faster you go, the greater the air resistance. Parachutes make use of huge air resistance to slow a fall safely.
空氣阻力（拖曳力）是作用於在空氣中運動的物體上的一種摩擦力。你移動得越快，空氣阻力越大。降落傘利用巨大的空氣阻力來安全減緩下降速度。
Picture a cyclist crouching low to reduce drag – 'low profile, low resistance'.
想像一個自行車手壓低身體以減少阻力——「低姿態，低阻力」。
5. Speed and Motion | 速度與運動
Speed = distance ÷ time. Common units are metres per second (m/s) or kilometres per hour (km/h).
速率告訴你某物移動的快慢。它由行駛的距離除以所用的時間得出：速率 = 距離 ÷ 時間。常見的單位是米每秒 (m/s) 或公里每小時 (km/h)。
Memory: look at a speedometer in a car – it shows instantaneous speed. The formula triangle (distance at the top, speed and time at the bottom) can help you rearrange the equation.
記憶：看看汽車裡的速率錶——它顯示的是瞬時速率。公式三角形（距離在上，速率和時間在下）可以幫助你重組方程式。
Average speed is the total distance over total time even if the speed changed during the journey. A constant speed means the speed does not change – the motion is steady.
平均速率是總距離除以總時間，即使旅途中速率發生過變化。恒定速率指速率不變——運動是平穩的。
6. Energy Stores and Transfers | 能量儲存與轉移
Energy is not a substance but a quantity that tells us how much change can happen. In Year 7 we picture energy as being kept in different stores: kinetic (moving), thermal (hot objects), chemical (food and batteries), gravitational potential (height), elastic potential (stretched springs) and nuclear.
能量不是一種物質，而是一個告訴我們能發生多大變化的量。在 7 年級，我們把能量想像成儲存在不同的倉庫中：動能（運動）、熱能（熱物體）、化學能（食物和電池）、重力勢能（高度）、彈性勢能（被拉長的彈簧）以及核能。
Memory phrase for energy stores: "Kangaroos That Climb Great Everest Now" (Kinetic, Thermal, Chemical, Gravitational potential, Elastic potential, Nuclear). Energy can transfer from one store to another by heating, by waves (light, sound) or by an electric current.
能量儲存的記憶口訣：'Kangaroos That Climb Great Everest Now'（動能、熱能、化學能、重力勢能、彈性勢能、核能）。能量可以通過加熱、波（光、聲）或電流從一個儲存轉移到另一個儲存。
7. Kinetic Energy and Gravitational Potential Energy | 動能與重力勢能
Kinetic energy (KE) it is moving. The faster and heavier the object, the more kinetic energy it stores. Think 'kinetic' = 'cinema' – pictures in motion.
動能 (KE) 是物體因運動而具有的能量。物體越快、越重，儲存的動能就越多。聯想 'kinetic' = 'cinema'（電影院）——活動的影像。
Gravitational potential energy (GPE) is the energy an object has because of its height above the ground. The higher and heavier it is, the more GPE it stores. Memory: a coconut high up in a tree has a lot of 'potential' to fall and crack open – GPE is waiting to become kinetic energy.
重力勢能 (GPE) 是物體因離地高度而具有的能量。物體越高、越重，儲存的重力勢能就越多。記憶：樹上高高的椰子有很大的「潛力」掉下來砸裂——GPE 在等待轉化為動能。
When an object falls, GPE is transferred into KE. On a roller coaster, the car gains GPE on the climb and turns it into KE as it rushes down.
當物體下落時，GPE 轉移為 KE。在過山車上，車子在爬升時獲得 GPE，衝下時將其轉化為 KE。
8. Electrical Circuits | 電路
An electric circuit is a complete loop of conductive material through which an electric current can flow. The essential parts are a power source (cell or battery), wires and a component like a bulb or buzzer.
電路是一個由導電材料構成的完整迴路，電流可在此迴路中流通。基本部件包括電源（電池）、導線和燈泡或蜂鳴器等元件。
Memory: the word 'circuit' sounds like 'circle' – the path must be a closed circle for electricity to travel. If there is a break (switch open), current stops.
記憶：'circuit' 一詞聽起來像 'circle'（圓形）——路徑必須是一個閉合的圓圈才能讓電流通行。如果有斷路（開關斷開），電流就會停止。
A series circuit has all the components in one single loop. A problem is that if one bulb breaks, the whole circuit stops working – like old Christmas tree lights.
串聯電路將所有元件連接在單一迴路中。問題是如果一個燈泡壞掉，整個電路就停止工作——就像舊式聖誕燈飾。
9. Current, Voltage and Resistance | 電流、電壓與電阻
Current is the flow of electric charge around a circuit. It is measured in amperes (A), often just called 'amps'. Imagine a river of tiny charged particles moving through the wires. The greater the current, the more charge passes each second.
電流是電荷在電路中的流動。以安培 (A) 為單位。想像一條由微小帶電粒子組成的河流在導線中流動。電流越大，每秒通過的電荷就越多。
Voltage (also called potential difference) is the 'push' that makes charges move. Measured in volts (V), a higher voltage provides a bigger push, like a steeper hill making water flow faster.
電壓（也稱電勢差）是使電荷移動的「推力」。以伏特 (V) 為單位，電壓越高提供的推力越大，就像更陡的斜坡使水流得更急。
Resistance low. The water analogy: voltage = pressure, current = flow rate, resistance = narrow pipe.
電阻阻礙電流的流動。以歐姆 (Ω) 為單位。細導線或燈泡等元件會增加電阻，減緩流動。水流類比：電壓 = 水壓，電流 = 流量，電阻 = 窄管。
10. Sound Waves | 聲波
Sound is produced by vibrations. These vibrations travel as a longitudinal wave through a medium such as air, water or solids. In a longitudinal wave, the particles vibrate back and forth in the same direction as the wave travels – like pushing a slinky spring.
聲音由振動產生。這些振動以縱波的形式在空氣、水或固體等介質中傳播。在縱波中，粒子沿著波傳播的相同方向來回振動——就像推動一個螺旋彈簧。
Memory: sound cannot travel through a vacuum (empty space) because there are no particles to vibrate. 'In space, no one can hear you scream' – a classic film line that is scientifically true.
記憶：聲音無法在真空（沒有物質的空間）中傳播，因為沒有粒子可以振動。「在太空，沒有人能聽到你的尖叫」——一句經典的電影台詞，在科學上完全正確。
Pitch is how high or low a sound is; it depends on the frequency of vibration. Loudness depends on the amplitude (size) of the vibrations.
音調指聲音的高低；取決於振動的頻率。響度取決於振動的振幅（大小）。
11. Light and Reflection | 光與反射
Light travels in straight lines. We see objects because light bounces off them and enters our eyes. A shadow is formed when an opaque object blocks the light's path.
光以直線傳播。我們看到物體是因為光從物體上反彈並進入我們的眼睛。當不透明的物體阻擋了光的路徑時，就會形成影子。
Reflection is the bouncing of light off a surface. The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence (incoming ray) equals the angle of reflection (outgoing ray), both measured from an imaginary line called the normal.
反射是光從表面彈回的現象。反射定律指出，入射角（入射光線）等於反射角（反射光線），兩者都從一條稱為法線的假想線開始量度。
Picture a ball bouncing perfectly straight off a wall – if you throw it at 30°, it bounces away at 30°. A mirror uses reflection; the smooth surface keeps the rays orderly and forms a clear image.
想像一個球從牆壁完美地筆直彈回——如果你以 30° 投出，它就會以 30° 彈開。鏡子利用反射；平滑的表面使光線保持整齊，形成清晰的影像。
12. Magnetism | 磁性
A magnet has two poles – north (N) and south (S). Like poles repel (push apart), opposite poles attract (pull together). The force of magnetism is a non-contact force that can act through paper, wood or glass.
磁鐵有兩個磁極——北 (N) 和南 (S)。同名極互相排斥（推開），異名極互相吸引（拉近）。磁力是一種非接觸力，可以穿透紙張、木頭或玻璃產生作用。
Memory phrase: "Opposites attract" – just think of the ends of a bar magnet; north and south pull together, but two north ends push away.
記憶短語：「異性相吸」——想想條形磁鐵的兩端；南北互相拉近，但兩個北端則互相推開。
Only some metals are magnetic: iron, nickel and cobalt. Steel (an alloy of iron) is also magnetic. A compass works because its tiny magnet lines up with the Earth's magnetic field, pointing towards the magnetic north pole.
只有某些金屬是磁性的：鐵、鎳和鈷。鋼（鐵的合金）也具有磁性。指南針之所以能工作，是因為它的小磁針與地球的磁場對齊，指向地磁北極。
Watch out: 'magnetic' and 'magnesium' sound similar but are different – magnesium is a metal that is not strongly magnetic.
注意：'magnetic'（磁性的）和 'magnesium'（鎂）聽起來相似但不同——鎂是一種並不強磁的金屬。
Published by TutorHao | Physics Revision Series | aleveler.com
更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）
或截图后用「扫一扫 → 相册」选择本图