📚 Working and Earning Money as an International Student in the U.S. | 美国留学打工与兼职赚钱指南
Studying in the United States offers a world-class education, but the cost of tuition and living expenses can be challenging for international students. Many students seek part-time work or other ways to earn money to support themselves and gain valuable experience. However, navigating the legal restrictions and finding suitable opportunities requires a clear understanding of U.S. immigration rules, job types, and practical steps. This guide provides essential information on how international students can work legally, earn money, and manage their finances while studying in the U.S.
在美国留学可以接受世界一流的教育，但学费和生活费的开销对国际学生来说可能颇具压力。许多学生希望寻找兼职工作或其他赚钱途径来维持生活，同时积累宝贵的经验。但要合法打工、找到合适的机会，必须先清楚了解美国的移民规定、工作类型和实际步骤。本指南将为国际学生提供关键信息，介绍如何依法工作、赚钱，并在留学期间管理好个人财务。
1. Visa Rules and Work Authorization | 签证规定与工作许可
International students on F-1 or J-1 visas must follow strict employment regulations. The most straightforward option is on-campus employment, which is permitted for F-1 students during their first academic year. You can work up to 20 hours per week while school is in session, and full-time during official school breaks. J-1 students also have similar on-campus work privileges with sponsor approval.
持F-1或J-1签证的国际学生必须遵守严格的就业规定。最为直接的选择是校内工作，F-1学生在第一学年就可以从事校内就业。开学期间每周最多可工作20小时，在学校的正式假期期间可全职工作。J-1学生在获得资助机构批准后，也享有类似的校内工作权利。
Off-campus employment is generally prohibited in the first year for F-1 students, except under specific programs like Curricular Practical Training (CPT) or Optional Practical Training (OPT) after completing a period of study. J-1 students may be eligible for Academic Training. Working without authorization can lead to serious consequences, including loss of visa status and deportation.
F-1学生在第一年通常禁止校外就业，除非在完成一定学业后参与课程实习训练（CPT）或选择性实习训练（OPT）等特定项目。J-1学生可能有资格申请学术培训。未经许可打工会导致严重后果，包括失去签证身份和被遣返。
| Type of Employment (就业类型) | F-1 Visa | J-1 Visa |
|---|---|---|
| On-Campus (校内) | Allowed up to 20 hrs/week (school year), full-time breaks. (允许开学期间每周最多20小时，假期全职) | Allowed with sponsor permission, same limits. (经资助方许可，同样限制) |
| CPT / OPT (课程/选择性实习) | After 1 academic year (CPT), OPT before/after graduation. (一学年后CPT，毕业前后OPT) | Academic Training (similar) (学术培训类似) |
| Severe Economic Hardship
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