📚 International Students' Safety Guide to Natural Disasters Abroad | 留学生应对海外自然灾害的安全指南
Studying abroad offers life-changing experiences, but it also requires readiness for unexpected events. Natural disasters such as earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, and wildfires can happen in many popular study destinations. This guide provides international students with practical safety knowledge to stay protected before, during, and after a natural disaster.
出国留学能带来改变人生的经历，但也需要为突发事件做好准备。许多热门留学国家都可能发生地震、飓风、洪水和野火等自然灾害。本指南为留学生提供实用的安全知识，帮助大家在灾害前、灾害中和灾害后保护好自己。
1. Understanding Natural Disasters Abroad | 了解海外常见自然灾害
Different regions face different natural threats. For example, Japan and New Zealand experience frequent earthquakes, the southeastern United States faces hurricanes, Australia battles bushfires, and parts of Europe may encounter severe flooding. Research the specific risks of your host country before you depart.
不同地区面临的自然威胁各不相同。例如，日本和新西兰地震频发，美国东南部常受飓风影响，澳大利亚有严重的丛林火灾，而欧洲部分地区可能遭遇严重洪水。出发前，务必了解留学国家的具体风险。
Familiarise yourself with local warning systems, such as sirens, mobile alerts, and official weather apps. Knowing the types of disasters common in your area helps you react quickly and appropriately.
熟悉当地的预警系统，例如警报器、手机警报和官方天气应用。了解所在地区常见的灾害类型，有助于你迅速、正确地做出反应。
2. Pre-departure Research and Preparation | 出国前的调研与准备
Before leaving, register with your embassy or consulate, and sign up for their emergency alert services. Many governments offer online registration for citizens abroad, enabling them to contact you in a crisis.
出国前，请在本国大使馆或领事馆登记，并订阅其紧急警报服务。许多政府为海外公民提供在线登记服务，以便在危机时与你取得联系。
Copy all important documents—passport, visa, insurance, and academic records. Store digital copies in a secure cloud service and keep physical copies in a waterproof bag. Share your itinerary and contact details with family.
复印所有重要文件——护照、签证、保险单和学业记录。将电子版保存在安全的云端，将纸质副本存放在防水袋中。与家人分享你的行程和联系方式。
3. Building an Emergency Kit | 准备应急包
An emergency kit is essential. Include bottled water (at least 3 litres per person per day), non-perishable food for three days, a first-aid kit, flashlight with extra batteries, portable phone charger, whistle, dust mask, and personal hygiene items. Also pack a list of emergency contacts and a local map.
应急包至关重要。里面应包括瓶装水（每人每天至少3升）、三天量的不易腐坏食物、急救箱、带备用电池的手电筒、便携式充电器、哨子、防尘口罩和个人卫生用品。还要放入紧急联系人名单和当地地图。
Keep the kit in an easily accessible location, such as near your bed or by the main exit. Regularly check expiry dates on food and medicine, and update the kit each semester.
将应急包放在容易拿取的地方，例如床边或主要出口旁。定期检查食品和药品的有效期，每学期更新一次应急包。
4. Earthquake Safety | 地震安全指南
If indoors when an earthquake strikes, drop to your hands and knees, cover your head and neck under a sturdy table or desk, and hold on until the shaking stops. Stay away from windows, heavy furniture, and anything that could fall.
地震发生时如果在室内，应立即趴下，双手双膝着地，躲到结实的桌子下并用双臂护住头颈，紧紧抓住桌腿直到摇晃停止。远离窗户、重家具和任何可能坠落的物体。
If you are outdoors, move to an open area away from buildings, streetlights, and utility wires. If driving, pull over to a clear spot and remain inside the vehicle with the parking brake on. After the quake, expect aftershocks and be ready to drop, cover, and hold on again.
如果在户外，应迅速转移到远离建筑物、路灯和电线的开阔地带。如果正在开车，应靠边停在安全处，拉好手刹并留在车内。主震后要提防余震，随时准备再次趴下、掩护、抓牢。
5. Hurricane, Typhoon and Cyclone Safety | 飓风、台风与气旋安全指南
These violent storms come with strong winds, heavy rain, and storm surges. Monitor official forecasts and evacuation orders. If told to evacuate, leave immediately. If staying, secure windows with storm shutters or plywood, and move to an interior room on the lowest floor.
这些猛烈风暴伴随强风、暴雨和风暴潮。密切关注官方预报和疏散命令。若接到撤离通知，立即离开。如果留守，用防风卷帘或胶合板加固窗户，并转移到最低楼层的内部房间。
Fill bathtubs and containers with water for sanitation, charge all devices, and switch off gas and electricity if instructed. After the storm, avoid flooded areas and downed power lines, and beware of carbon monoxide poisoning from generators used indoors.
用浴缸和容器储水以备卫生使用，给所有设备充电，并根据指示关闭燃气和电力。风暴过后，避开洪水区域和倒塌的电线，注意防止在室内使用发电机造成的一氧化碳中毒。
6. Flood Safety | 洪水安全指南
Never walk, swim, or drive through flood water. Just 15 cm of fast-moving water can knock you over, and 30 cm can sweep away a car. Turn around and find an alternative route. Move to higher ground immediately if flooding develops.
切勿在洪水中行走、游泳或开车。仅15厘米深的急流就能把人冲倒，30厘米深的水就能冲走汽车。应掉头另寻他路。一旦洪水上涨，立即转移到地势较高的地方。
Unplug electrical appliances and avoid contact with water if it has entered your home. After the flood, do not use tap water until authorities declare it safe, and thoroughly clean and disinfect everything that got wet.
拔掉电器插头，如果水已进屋，避免接触积水。洪水过后，在官方宣布自来水安全之前不要使用，并对所有被水浸泡过的物品进行彻底清洁和消毒。
7. Wildfire and Bushfire Safety | 野火与丛林火灾安全指南
If you live in a fire-prone area, maintain a defensible space by clearing dry vegetation around your accommodation. Monitor air quality reports and wear an N95 mask if particle pollution is high. Have a bushfire survival plan and know at least two evacuation routes.
如果你住在火灾多发区，应清理住所周围的干燥植被，打造防火隔离带。监测空气质量报告，若颗粒物污染严重，佩戴N95口罩。制定丛林火灾求生计划，并至少熟悉两条疏散路线。
If a fire approaches and you cannot evacuate, stay indoors away from windows, close all doors and vents, fill sinks with water, and cover your face with a wet cloth. After the fire passes, watch for fallen power lines and embers.
如果火势逼近且无法撤离，应留在室内并远离窗户，关好所有门窗和通风口，在洗涤槽中放满水，用湿布捂住口鼻。大火过后，警惕掉落的电线和余烬。
8. Tsunami Awareness | 海啸意识
A strong earthquake near coastal areas is a natural tsunami warning. If you feel long-lasting shaking, see the ocean suddenly retreat or rise, or hear a loud roar from the sea, immediately move to high ground at least 30 metres above sea level or 3 km inland. Do not wait for official alerts.
沿海地区发生强烈地震本身就是海啸的天然预警。如果感到长时间震动、看到海水突然退去或上涨、或听到来自海洋的轰鸣声，请立即转移到至少海拔30米或内陆3公里的高地。不要等待官方预警。
Stay away from rivers and streams leading to the ocean, as tsunami waves can travel upstream. After the first wave, remain in the safe zone for several hours because later waves may be larger and more powerful.
远离通向海洋的河流和溪流，因为海啸波可沿河道逆流而上。第一波海啸过后，要在安全区停留数小时，因为后续海浪可能更大更强。
9. Extreme Weather: Heatwaves and Cold Snaps | 极端天气：热浪与寒潮
During a heatwave, drink plenty of water, avoid strenuous activity during peak sun hours, and stay in air-conditioned spaces. Wear lightweight, light-coloured clothing and never leave anyone in a parked car. Watch for signs of heatstroke: confusion, dry hot skin, and loss of consciousness.
在热浪期间，大量饮水，避免在日照最强时段进行剧烈活动，待在空调房间内。穿着浅色轻薄衣物，绝不要将任何人留在停放的汽车内。警惕中暑迹象：意识模糊、皮肤干热、失去知觉。
In extreme cold, dress in layers, keep extremities covered, and avoid prolonged exposure. Beware of frostbite and hypothermia—shivering, numbness, and drowsiness are warning signs. If you lose heating, seal one room and use safe alternative heat sources, but ventilate to prevent carbon monoxide buildup.
在极端寒冷天气中，分层穿衣，遮盖四肢，避免长时间暴露。注意冻伤和失温——发抖、麻木和嗜睡都是警示信号。如果失去供暖，封闭一个房间并使用安全的替代热源，但务必通风以防止一氧化碳积聚。
10. During the Disaster: Immediate Actions | 灾害发生时的即时行动
Stay calm and follow your pre-planned response. Use text messages or social media to communicate, as phone networks get congested. Conserve mobile battery by reducing screen brightness and closing unnecessary apps. Listen to a battery-powered or hand-crank radio for official instructions.
保持冷静，按照预先计划行事。尽量使用短信或社交媒体沟通，因为电话网络容易拥堵。降低手机亮度并关闭不需要的应用，以节省电量。收听电池或手摇发电的收音机，获取官方指示。
If you are separated from your group, stay put in a safe location and make yourself visible to rescuers. Do not enter damaged buildings until they are inspected by authorities. Always wear sturdy shoes and protective clothing when moving through debris.
如果你与同伴走散，留在安全地点，尽量让救援人员看到自己。在官方检查之前，不要进入受损建筑物。在废墟中行走时，务必穿上结实的鞋子和防护服。
11. After the Disaster: Recovery and Support | 灾后恢复与寻求支持
Contact your family, embassy, and university to confirm you are safe. Your institution likely has an emergency support team for international students. Seek counselling if you feel distressed—post-disaster stress is normal, and talking to a professional helps.
联系家人、大使馆和学校，确认你的安全。你所在的学校很可能设有专门帮助国际学生的紧急支持团队。如果你感到痛苦，可以寻求心理咨询——灾后压力是正常的，与专业人士交谈会有所帮助。
Assess your living situation carefully; check for structural damage, gas leaks, and water contamination. Document damage with photos for insurance claims. Be patient during recovery—infrastructure and services may take time to be restored.
仔细评估你的居住状况；检查结构损坏、燃气泄漏和水污染。拍照记录损失，以备保险理赔。恢复过程中保持耐心——基础设施和公共服务可能需要一段时间才能恢复正常。
12. Mental Well-being During and After Disasters | 灾时与灾后的心理健康
Disasters can trigger anxiety, fear, and trauma. Maintain routines as much as possible, eat well, and stay hydrated. Connect with fellow students and share experiences—mutual support builds resilience. Practice relaxation techniques such as deep breathing and mindfulness.
灾害会引发焦虑、恐惧和创伤。尽可能保持日常作息，好好吃饭，补充水分。与其他同学联系并分享经历——相互支持能增强韧性。练习放松技巧，如深呼吸和正念冥想。
Avoid excessive media consumption that can heighten stress. If you experience persistent nightmares, flashbacks, or avoidance behaviours, reach out to mental health services provided by your university or local helplines. Your emotional recovery is just as important as your physical safety.
避免过度浏览媒体内容，以免加剧压力。如果你出现持续噩梦、闪回或回避行为，请联系学校提供的心理健康服务或当地帮助热线。情绪恢复与人身安全同等重要。
Published by TutorHao | Study Abroad Safety Revision Series | aleveler.com
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