📚 Campus Bullying Prevention: How Schools in Different Countries Respond | 留学安全：不同国家学校如何应对校园霸凌
As international student mobility continues to grow, campus safety has become a decisive factor in selecting a study destination. Bullying—whether physical, verbal, relational, or cyber—disrupts learning, damages mental health, and can leave lasting trauma. Governments and schools around the world have developed distinct legal frameworks, policies, and support systems to combat bullying. This article examines how different countries and their educational institutions address campus bullying, offering crucial insights for prospective and current international students.
随着国际学生流动持续增长，校园安全已成为选择留学目的地时的关键因素。霸凌——无论是肢体、言语、关系还是网络霸凌——都会干扰学习、损害心理健康，并可能留下长期的创伤。世界各国政府和学校已经建立了不同的法律框架、政策和支持体系来应对霸凌。本文探讨不同国家及其教育机构如何应对校园霸凌，为准备留学和已在海外的学子提供关键参考。
1. Global Recognition: Why Bullying Matters in International Education | 全球共识：国际教育中为何重视霸凌
Bullying is not simply a childhood rite of passage; it is a recognised public health issue with consequences ranging from academic decline to severe anxiety disorders. The OECD's Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) has repeatedly highlighted that students who experience frequent bullying score lower in reading, mathematics, and science. For international students, language barriers, cultural isolation, and separation from family can magnify vulnerability.
霸凌不仅是童年的一种“成长仪式”，更是公认的公共卫生问题，其后果包括学业退步和严重的焦虑障碍。经合组织的国际学生评估项目（PISA）一再指出，频繁遭受霸凌的学生在阅读、数学和科学上的得分较低。对国际学生而言，语言障碍、文化隔离和与家人分离会进一步加剧其脆弱性。
Institutions that fail to address bullying risk reputational damage and legal liability. Parents and education agents now routinely inquire about a school's anti-bullying record. A proactive safeguarding culture therefore enhances both student wellbeing and institutional credibility.
未能妥善处理霸凌问题的学校会面临声誉和法律风险。如今，家长和留学中介常常会询问学校的反霸凌记录。因此，积极的保护文化不仅能提升学生福祉，还能增强学校的公信力。
2. United States: Title IX and State-Level Anti-Bullying Laws | 美国：《第九条》与各州反霸凌法
In the United States, Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 prohibits sex-based discrimination, including sexual harassment and bullying, in any education programme receiving federal funding. Schools must appoint a Title IX coordinator, establish grievance procedures, and conduct prompt investigations. Failure to comply can result in the loss of federal funds.
在美国，1972 年《教育修正案》第九条禁止在接受联邦资助的任何教育项目中出现基于性别的歧视，包括性骚扰和霸凌。学校必须任命第九条协调员，建立申诉程序，并及时开展调查。不遵守可能导致失去联邦资助。
All fifty states have enacted some form of anti-bullying legislation, though definitions and requirements differ. Most state laws oblige school districts to develop anti-bullying policies, train staff, and report incidents. Some states, such as New Jersey with its Anti-Bullying Bill of Rights, mandate detailed investigation timelines and parent notification. International student offices often provide additional advocacy and counselling referrals.
美国所有 50 个州都已通过某种形式的反霸凌立法，但定义和要求各不相同。大部分州法律要求学区制定反霸凌政策、培训教职员工并报告事件。新泽西等州通过《反霸凌权利法案》，规定了详细的调查时限和家长通知义务。大学的国际学生办公室还常常提供额外的陪同支持和咨询服务转介。
3. United Kingdom: Safeguarding, Ofsted, and the 'Prevent' Duty | 英国：安全保护、教育标准局与“预防”责任
Under the Education and Inspections Act 2006 and the Equality Act 2010, all state-funded schools in England must have a behaviour policy that includes measures to prevent all forms of bullying. Schools are required to protect pupils from discrimination based on race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, and gender reassignment. Cyberbullying is explicitly covered, even when it occurs outside school premises.
根据《2006 年教育与督导法》和《2010 年平权法》，英格兰所有公立学校必须制定包含防止一切形式霸凌措施的行为政策。学校须保护学生免受基于种族、宗教、残疾、性取向和性别重置的歧视。网络霸凌被明确涵盖，即使事件发生在校外。
Ofsted inspectors evaluate how well schools tackle bullying, and a poor record can lead to a downgraded rating. International students benefit from the UK's strong safeguarding framework, which requires designated safeguarding leads in every school and clear referral pathways to social care. Boarding schools additionally follow the National Minimum Standards, which require robust anti-bullying strategies and support for boarders far from home.
教育标准局（Ofsted）督导员会评估学校应对霸凌的情况，记录不佳可能导致评级下调。国际学生受益于英国强大的安全保护框架，该框架要求每所学校配备指定的安全保护负责人，并有明确的社会关怀转介途径。寄宿学校还须遵守《国家最低标准》，要求建立强有力的反霸凌策略，为远离家乡的寄宿生提供支持。
4. Canada: Restorative Practices and Provincial Legislation | 加拿大：修复性实践与省级立法
Canada takes a markedly restorative approach to bullying. Ontario's Accepting Schools Act (Bill 13) requires all school boards to have policies that promote a positive school climate and address bullying, including cyberbullying and bullying based on sexual orientation. Schools must support students who wish to establish gay-straight alliances.
加拿大对霸凌采取明显的修复性方法。安大略省的《接受学校法案》（第 13 号法案）要求所有学区委员会制定促进积极学校氛围和应对霸凌的政策，包括网络霸凌和基于性取向的霸凌。学校必须支持希望建立同性恋-异性恋联盟的学生。
Instead of zero-tolerance suspension, many Canadian schools employ restorative justice circles and peer mediation. This approach brings together the victim, the bully, and affected community members to repair harm and build empathy. International students are often paired with 'buddy' mentors who help them navigate cultural norms and report any discomfort early.
许多加拿大校园没有采用零容忍停课处罚，而是使用修复性正义小组与同伴调解。这种方法让受害者、霸凌者以及受影响的社区成员共同参与，修复伤害并建立共情。国际学生通常会被分配“伙伴”导师，帮助他们适应文化规范，并及时报告任何不适。
5. Australia: National Safe Schools Framework and eSafety | 澳大利亚：国家校园安全框架与网络安全
Australia's National Safe Schools Framework (updated via the Australian Student Wellbeing Framework) provides a unifying vision for safe, supportive schools. It emphasises student voice, active leadership, and partnerships with families. Bullying prevention is embedded in the curriculum through programmes such as 'Friendly Schools Plus' and 'Bullying. No Way!'.
澳大利亚的《国家校园安全框架》（通过《澳大利亚学生福祉框架》更新）为安全、支持性的学校提供了统一愿景。它强调学生声音、积极领导力和家校合作。通过“友善校园+”和“霸凌，绝不！”等项目，将霸凌预防植入课程。
The eSafety Commissioner is a world-first government agency that can investigate serious cyberbullying complaints and order the removal of harmful content. International students can also access the commissioner's reporting tool, which is critical given the prevalence of online harassment. Schools are required to have anti-bullying policies that are publicly available, enabling families to review them before enrolment.
eSafety 专员是全球首家政府机构，能够调查严重的网络霸凌投诉，并责令删除有害内容。国际学生同样可以使用该专员的举报工具，这在网络骚扰盛行的当下尤为关键。学校必须公布其反霸凌政策，让家庭可以在入学前审阅。
6. Singapore: Zero Tolerance, Counselling, and MOE Guidelines | 新加坡：零容忍、辅导与教育部指引
Singapore's Ministry of Education (MOE) maintains a firm zero-tolerance stance towards bullying. Schools are expected to investigate every reported incident and mete out disciplinary actions, which may include detention, suspension, or caning for severe cases. At the same time, schools deploy trained school counsellors and learning support officers to address underlying behavioural issues.
新加坡教育部对霸凌持坚定的零容忍态度。学校应当调查每一起举报事件，并给予纪律处分，严重者可包括留校、停学甚至鞭刑。与此同时，学校配备受过培训的学校辅导员和学习支持官员，以处理背后的行为问题。
MOE's Guidelines for Student Conduct outline clear reporting steps, and many schools implement peer support programmes to foster a caring culture. International students can rely on the school's Student Welfare team and, at the post-secondary level, on dedicated international student advisors. Restorative practices are increasingly used alongside disciplinary measures to reintegrate offenders.
教育部的《学生行为准则指引》列出了清晰的举报步骤，许多学校还推行同伴支持计划，营造关爱文化。国际学生可以依赖学校的学生福利团队，在高等教育阶段还有专门的国际学生顾问。修复性实践越来越多地与纪律措施并用，以帮助违规者重新融入集体。
7. Japan: 'Ijime' Prevention Act and Whole-School Intervention | 日本：《霸凌防止对策推进法》与全校干预
In Japan, bullying is known as 'ijime' and is treated as a serious societal problem. The 2013 Bullying Prevention Promotion Law defines ijime and requires all elementary, junior high, and high schools to establish a basic prevention policy and an internal committee that includes teachers, counsellors, and external experts. Schools must report severe cases to the local board of education.
在日本，霸凌被称为“いじめ”（ijime），被视为严重的社会问题。2013 年《霸凌防止对策推进法》对霸凌做出定义，要求所有中小学和高中制定基本预防政策，并成立由教师、辅导员和外部专家组成的校内委员会。学校必须将严重事件上报地方教育委员会。
Whole-school approaches dominate, such as morning 'suku-hara' check-ins and anonymous reporting boxes. International students in Japanese schools, including returnees and foreign nationals, are supported through Japanese language instruction and intercultural integration activities. However, cultural pressure to maintain group harmony can sometimes deter reporting, so anonymous hotlines are promoted.
全校统一干预占主导地位，例如早晨的“スクハラ”关怀检查和匿名举报箱。日本学校中的国际学生，包括归国子女和外籍人士，通过日语教学和跨文化融合活动获得支持。然而，维持团体和谐的文化压力有时会阻碍举报，因此匿名热线被大力推广。
8. South Korea: School Violence Prevention Act and Penal Consequences | 韩国：《学校暴力预防及对策法》与处罚后果
South Korea's School Violence Prevention and Countermeasures Act mandates that every school establish an autonomous committee to investigate bullying cases. If a case is confirmed, the aggressor may face measures ranging from written apologies to classroom changes, community service, or even expulsion. Critically, records of severe bullying can be included in the student's school record and may influence university admissions.
韩国的《学校暴力预防及对策法》要求每所学校设立自治委员会调查霸凌案件。一旦案件确认，施暴者可能面临从书面道歉到换班、社区服务乃至开除的处分。至关重要的是，严重霸凌记录可能会载入学生档案，影响大学招生。
Police officers designated as 'school resource officers' frequently deliver school violence prevention education and can directly intervene in criminal-level incidents. Many universities now operate 'human rights centres' where international students can report bullying and harassment confidentially. South Korea's strict legal framework aims to deter bullying through palpable consequences.
被指定为“校园警官”的警察经常开展学校暴力预防教育，并可对达到刑事级别的案件直接干预。许多大学如今设有“人权中心”，国际学生可在此秘密举报霸凌和骚扰。韩国严格的法律框架旨在通过明确后果遏制霸凌。
9. China: Recent Regulations and Centralised Reporting | 中国：最新规定与集中举报机制
In China, the 2021 Provisions on the Protection of Minors in Schools require primary and secondary schools to establish bullying prevention systems, appoint responsible personnel, and conduct regular inspections. Schools must also implement educational activities and set up anonymous reporting channels. Concealed or intentionally unreported cases can result in administrative penalties for school leadership.
在中国，2021 年《未成年人学校保护规定》要求中小学建立校园欺凌防治制度，指定责任人员，并进行定期排查。学校还必须开展教育活动，设立匿名举报渠道。隐瞒或知情不报将导致学校领导面临行政处罚。
The Ministry of Education has opened a national bullying reporting hotline and website, while many provinces have launched their own platforms. International students in Chinese universities are assigned class counsellors who handle welfare issues, and they can approach the International Students Office for immediate assistance. Although the system is still maturing, regulatory pressure has pushed schools to take bullying more seriously.
教育部已开通全国校园欺凌举报热线和网站，许多省份也推出了自己的平台。在中国大学就读的国际学生配有辅导员负责处理生活事务，他们可向国际学生办公室寻求即时帮助。尽管这一体系仍在成熟中，监管压力已迫使学校更加重视霸凌问题。
10. New Zealand: Wellbeing Focus and Peer Mediation | 新西兰：福祉导向与同伴调解
New Zealand's approach to bullying is grounded in the concept of overall student wellbeing, as articulated in the National Administration Guidelines. Schools are required to provide a safe physical and emotional environment. The Ministry of Education promotes the 'Positive Behaviour for Learning' (PB4L) framework, which includes anti-bullying initiatives like 'Kia Kaha' and 'Bullying-Free NZ Week'.
新西兰应对霸凌的方法以学生整体福祉理念为基础，这体现在《国家行政指南》中。学校必须提供安全的物质与情感环境。教育部推行“积极学习行为”（PB4L）框架，其中包括“Kia Kaha”和“新西兰零霸凌周”等反霸凌倡议。
Peer mediation programmes are widespread, encouraging students to resolve low-level conflicts with trained peers before they escalate. For international students, New Zealand's Pastoral Care of International Students Code of Practice 2021 imposes specific obligations on education providers to support safety and report wellbeing concerns. The system emphasises early intervention and restorative dialogue.
同伴调解项目非常普遍，鼓励学生在冲突升级前由受过训练的同学帮助解决轻微矛盾。对国际学生而言，《2021 年国际学生生活照料实践守则》对教育机构提出了确保安全与报告福祉问题的具体义务。整个体系强调早期干预和修复性对话。
11. International Schools: Multicultural Approaches and IB Learner Profile | 国际学校：多元文化方法与 IB 学习者特征
International schools often adopt a fusion of best practices, blending the host country's regulations with global safeguarding standards. Many follow the International Baccalaureate (IB) philosophy, which stresses the development of caring, principled learners. The IB's anti-bullying position requires schools to have written policies that align with the IB's commitment to student wellbeing.
国际学校常将本国法规与全球安全保护标准相融合。很多学校遵循国际文凭（IB）课程理念，强调培养有爱心、有原则的学习者。IB 反霸凌立场要求学校制定符合其对学生福祉承诺的书面政策。
Because student bodies are highly diverse, international schools frequently run 'cultural bridges' programmes that promote empathy and respect. Designated safeguarding leads, often with international experience, handle complaints with sensitivity to different cultural backgrounds. Additionally, private counsellors are readily available on campus, ensuring that students who are far from home have a trusted adult to turn to.
由于学生群体高度多元化，国际学校经常开展“文化桥梁”项目，促进共情与尊重。指定的安全保护负责人通常具备国际经验，能在处理投诉时顾及不同文化背景。此外，校园内常驻的专业心理咨询师确保远离家乡的学生可以找到值得信赖的成人寻求帮助。
12. Practical Advice for International Students: Self-Protection and Reporting | 给国际学生的实用建议：自我保护与举报
Whether studying in London, Toronto, or Tokyo, international students should proactively learn their school's anti-bullying policy and identify key contacts, such as the safeguarding lead, homeroom mentor, or international student advisor. Documenting incidents thoroughly—saving messages, screenshots, and noting dates—is essential for any investigation.
不论在伦敦、多伦多还是东京求学，国际学生都应主动了解所在学校的反霸凌政策，并记住关键联系人，例如安全保护负责人、班导师或国际学生顾问。翔实地记录事件——保存信息、截图并记下日期——对任何调查都至关重要。
Never keep bullying a secret. Report it to a trusted teacher, coordinator, or through official online platforms. If the school response is inadequate, external resources are available: national helplines such as the UK's Childline, Australia's Kids Helpline, or China's 12308 consular protection hotline for overseas students. Constructing a personal support network, staying in regular contact with family, and seeking mental health counselling can mitigate the emotional toll and speed recovery.
绝不要将霸凌变成秘密。向值得信赖的教师、协调员或通过官方在线平台举报。若学校回应不充分，还可求助外部资源：英国 Childline、澳大利亚 Kids Helpline 等全国求助热线，或中国为海外留学生设立的 12308 领事保护热线。建立个人支持网络、与家人保持经常联系、以及寻求心理咨询，都能减轻情感负担并加快恢复。
Published by TutorHao | Study Abroad Safety Revision Series | aleveler.com
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