📚 A Guide to Post-Graduation Work Policies in Major Study Destinations | 主要留学国家毕业生工作许可政策指南
Understanding post-study work options is crucial for international students planning their education abroad. This guide outlines the post-graduation work permit policies in the top study destinations, helping you make informed decisions about where to study and build your career after graduation.
对于计划出国留学的国际学生来说，了解毕业后的工作选择至关重要。本指南概述了主要留学目的地的毕业后工作许可政策，帮助你就学习地点和毕业后职业发展做出明智决策。
1. United States: OPT and STEM Extension | 美国：OPT 与 STEM 延期
International students on an F-1 visa can apply for Optional Practical Training (OPT), which provides up to 12 months of work authorization in a field directly related to their major.
持 F-1 签证的国际学生可以申请选择性实习训练 (OPT)，在与其专业直接相关的领域获得最长 12 个月的工作许可。
STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) graduates may qualify for a 24-month STEM OPT extension, allowing a total of 36 months of work experience in the U.S.
STEM（科学、技术、工程和数学）领域毕业生有资格申请 24 个月的 STEM OPT 延期，从而在美国获得总计长达 36 个月的工作经验。
Students must apply for OPT before completing their degree, and the application requires a recommendation from the designated school official (DSO) and approval from U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).
学生必须在完成学业之前申请 OPT，该申请需要学校指定官员 (DSO) 的推荐，并获美国公民及移民服务局 (USCIS) 批准。
The unemployment limit while on post-completion OPT is 90 days; it is 150 days for the entire 36-month period for STEM OPT holders.
在学业完成后的 OPT 期间，失业天数限制为 90 天；对于 STEM OPT 持有者，整个 36 个月期间的累计失业天数限制为 150 天。
2. United Kingdom: Graduate Route Visa | 英国：毕业生工作签证
The UK Graduate Route allows international students who have completed an eligible degree at a UK higher education provider to stay and work, or look for work, for 2 years (3 years for doctoral graduates).
英国毕业生工作签证允许在英国高等教育机构完成合格学位的国际学生毕业后留英工作或寻找工作，本科和硕士毕业生可停留 2 年，博士毕业生可停留 3 年。
There is no job offer requirement at the time of application, and the visa does not tie the holder to a specific employer or role.
申请时无需提供工作录用通知，该签证不将持有者绑定于特定雇主或职位。
Applicants must have valid Tier 4 or Student visa at the time of application and have successfully completed their course. The application must be made from within the UK.
申请人必须在申请时持有有效的 Tier 4 或学生签证，并已顺利完成课程。申请必须在英国境内提交。
The Graduate Route does not count towards settlement, but it gives time to switch into a sponsored work visa route later.
毕业生签证不直接计入永居年限，但它为日后转换为雇主担保的工作签证提供了时间。
3. Canada: Post-Graduation Work Permit (PGWP) | 加拿大：毕业后工作许可 (PGWP)
Canada's PGWP allows international graduates who have completed a program of at least 8 months at a designated learning institution (DLI) to gain Canadian work experience. The permit validity can be equal to the length of the program, up to a maximum of 3 years.
加拿大毕业后工作许可（PGWP）允许在指定学习机构（DLI）完成至少 8 个月课程的国际毕业生获得加拿大工作经验。许可有效期可与课程时长相匹配，最长为 3 年。
Study programs between 8 months and 2 years typically receive a PGWP matching the program length. Programs of 2 years or more (or consecutive programs) can qualify for a 3-year PGWP.
8 个月至 2 年的课程通常可获得与课程时长一致的 PGWP；2 年及以上的课程（或连续完成的课程）可申请 3 年的 PGWP。
Applicants must apply within 180 days of receiving their final marks, and their study permit must have been valid during the period. They can work full-time while waiting for the decision if conditions are met.
申请人需在获得最终成绩后 180 天内递交申请，且学习许可在此期间必须有效。在等待审批期间，若满足条件，可以全职工作。
PGWP is an open work permit, giving maximum flexibility to work for any employer. Work experience gained through PGWP can count towards permanent residence pathways such as Express Entry.
PGWP 是开放式工作许可，允许为任何雇主工作，灵活性极高。通过 PGWP 积累的工作经验可用于快速通道等永久居留申请。
4. Australia: Temporary Graduate Visa (subclass 485) | 澳大利亚：临时毕业生签证 (485 类)
Australia offers the Temporary Graduate visa (subclass 485), which has two streams: Graduate Work stream and Post-Study Work stream. The Post-Study Work stream is for graduates with a higher education degree from an Australian institution.
澳大利亚提供临时毕业生签证（485 子类别），分两个类别：毕业生工作类别和毕业后工作类别。毕业后工作类别适用于在澳大利亚高校获得高等教育学位的毕业生。
Under the Post-Study Work stream, Bachelor's and Master's by coursework graduates can stay for 2 years; Master's by research graduates for 3 years; and Doctoral graduates for 4 years. Regional study may provide an extension of 1–2 years.
在毕业后工作类别下，本科和授课型硕士毕业生可停留 2 年；研究型硕士毕业生 3 年；博士毕业生 4 年。在偏远地区学习可获得 1 至 2 年的额外延期。
The Graduate Work stream requires an occupation on the relevant skilled occupation list and a skills assessment, but it has been progressively replaced for new applications, with most graduates now using the Post-Study Work stream.
毕业生工作类别要求职业在相关的技术职业清单上并需通过技能评估，但该类别对新申请已逐步被取代，现在多数毕业生使用毕业后工作类别。
Applicants must hold a student visa in the last 6 months, meet English language requirements, and have adequate health insurance. Time spent on this visa can help meet requirements for permanent skilled visas.
申请人需在过去 6 个月内持有学生签证，满足英语要求，并拥有适当的健康保险。在此签证期间的工作时间有助于满足永久技术签证的申请条件。
5. New Zealand: Post-study Work Visa | 新西兰：毕业后工作签证
New Zealand offers a Post-study work visa for up to 3 years, depending on the level of qualification and the length of study completed in New Zealand.
新西兰提供长达 3 年的毕业后工作签证，具体时限取决于所获学历等级和在新西兰学习的时间长度。
To be eligible, you must have a New Zealand qualification that is at least NZQF Level 7 (bachelor's degree) or higher, and you must have completed it while holding a valid student visa. For qualifications at Level 4–6, a post-study work visa may still be available if the qualification is on the relevant list.
申请者需持有至少 NZQF 7 级（学士学位）或以上的新西兰学历，并持有效学生签证完成学业。对于 4-6 级学历，若在相关清单上，仍可申请毕业后工作签证。
The visa allows you to work for any employer in any role, and it provides a pathway to residence through the Skilled Migrant Category if you find skilled employment.
该签证允许为任何雇主从事任何职位，若找到技能就业，可通过技术移民类别申请居留权。
If your study was for less than 30 weeks and was at Level 7, you may get a shorter visa. It is important to confirm the latest rules with Immigration New Zealand before planning.
如果学习时间少于 30 周且为 7 级课程，可能只能获得较短期限的签证。在规划前务必向新西兰移民局确认最新规定。
6. Ireland: Third Level Graduate Scheme & Stamp 1G | 爱尔兰：第三级毕业生计划与 Stamp 1G
Ireland allows non-EEA graduates of Irish higher education institutions to stay back under the Third Level Graduate Scheme. Bachelor's graduates can stay for up to 12 months, and master's/PhD graduates can stay for up to 24 months.
爱尔兰允许非欧洲经济区（EEA）的爱尔兰高等院校毕业生通过第三级毕业生计划留爱。本科毕业生可停留最长 12 个月，硕士和博士毕业生最长可停留 24 个月。
During this period, graduates can seek employment and work if they obtain a General Employment Permit or a Critical Skills Employment Permit. The Stamp 1G allows them to work full-time without needing a separate employment permit under certain conditions after finding a job.
在此期间，毕业生可以寻找工作，若获得一般就业许可或关键技能就业许可，即可工作。Stamp 1G 允许持有人在找到工作后，在某些条件下无需另行申请就业许可即可全职工作。
The Critical Skills Employment Permit leads to a fast track to long-term residency, and it is designed for highly skilled occupations. Ireland has a strong presence of tech and pharmaceutical companies, offering good prospects.
关键技能就业许可可快速获得长期居留，且专为高技能职业设计。爱尔兰拥有众多科技和制药公司，就业前景良好。
7. European Countries: Germany, France, Netherlands | 欧洲国家：德国、法国、荷兰
Germany offers an 18-month post-study residence permit for international graduates to search for a job related to their degree. Once employed, they can apply for an EU Blue Card or a German residence permit for employment.
德国为国际毕业生提供 18 个月的毕业后找工作居留许可，用于寻找与学位相关的工作。一旦就业，可申请欧盟蓝卡或德国工作居留许可。
France allows non-EU masters graduates to apply for a one-year temporary residence permit (APS) to look for work. If they find a job paying at least 1.5 times the minimum wage, they can switch to a work permit. For graduates of French institutions, there are attractive pathways.
法国允许非欧盟硕士毕业生申请为期一年的临时居留许可 (APS) 寻找工作。若找到薪资至少为最低工资 1.5 倍的工作，可转为工作许可。法国院校毕业生有多种诱人途径。
The Netherlands provides a one-year 'Orientation Year' (zoekjaar) visa for graduates of non-Dutch universities that are within the top 200 of specified rankings, as well as for graduates of Dutch institutions. This allows them to work without a separate work permit and to look for employment.
荷兰为毕业于全球指定排名前 200 大学的非荷兰高校以及荷兰高校的毕业生提供一年“求职年”(zoekjaar) 签证，允许无单独工作许可即可工作，并寻找就业机会。
All these schemes are designed to attract high-skilled talent; they often require a higher education degree and proof of sufficient funds during the job-seeking phase.
所有这些计划都旨在吸引高技能
Published by TutorHao | Study Abroad Revision Series | aleveler.com
更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）
或截图后用「扫一扫 → 相册」选择本图