📚 Part-Time Work Policies and Tips for International Students | 留学期间兼职打工政策与注意事项
Working part-time while studying abroad is a common way for international students to support themselves financially, gain local work experience, and immerse themselves in the host culture. However, each country imposes strict regulations on work eligibility, hours, and types of employment that students must follow to protect their visa status. This guide provides an overview of the key policies and practical advice for students navigating part-time work during their studies.
留学期间兼职打工是许多国际学生贴补生活费、积累当地工作经验、融入当地文化的常见方式。但各国对工作的资格、时长和类型都有严格规定，学生必须遵守这些规定以保护自己的签证身份。本文旨在为同学们梳理主要留学国家的兼职政策，并提供实用建议。
1. Understanding the Basics: Why Rules Matter | 了解基本规则：为何规定如此重要
International students are primarily granted study visas, not work permits. Any violation of work restrictions – such as exceeding permitted hours or working without proper authorization – can lead to severe consequences, including visa cancellation, deportation, and a ban on re-entry. It is crucial to read and understand the conditions printed on your visa or residence permit and to check for updates, as governments may amend policies.
国际学生主要持学生签证，而非工作许可。任何违反工作限制的行为——比如超时打工或未经授权的工作——都可能导致严重后果，包括签证被取消、遣返甚至禁止再入境。务必仔细阅读签证或居留许可上的具体条件，并定期查看政策变化，因为政府可能随时调整规定。
2. United States: F-1 Visa Work Rules | 美国：F-1 学生签证工作规定
F-1 students are generally restricted to on-campus employment during their first academic year, with a maximum of 20 hours per week during the semester and full-time hours during official school breaks. After the first year, students may be eligible for Curricular Practical Training (CPT) or Optional Practical Training (OPT), which allow off-campus work related to their field of study. All off-campus employment requires prior authorization from the Designated School Official (DSO) and, in many cases, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). Unauthorized work, even unpaid internships that should be compensated, is a violation of status.
持F-1签证的学生在第一个学年通常只能在校内工作，学期中每周最多20小时，官方假期可全职工作。第一年后，学生可能符合课程实习训练（CPT）或可选实习训练（OPT）的资格，允许从事与专业相关的校外工作。所有校外就业都需事先获得学校指定官员（DSO）的授权，许多情况下还需美国移民局（USCIS）批准。未经授权的工作，哪怕是本该有薪却无偿的实习，也属于违规。
3. United Kingdom: Student Visa Work Limits | 英国：学生签证工作限制
Students on a full-time degree-level course with a Student visa (formerly Tier 4) can typically work up to 20 hours per week during term time and full-time during holidays. The exact limit is printed on the Biometric Residence Permit (BRP) or the digital immigration status. Work must not be self-employment, a professional entertainer or sportsperson, or fill a full-time permanent vacancy. Students must also apply for a National Insurance (NI) number to work legally and pay taxes.
持学生签证（原Tier 4）攻读全日制学位课程的学生，学期内通常每周最多工作20小时，假期可全职工作。具体时限印在生物信息居留卡（BRP）或电子签证状态上。工作不得是自雇、职业演艺人员或运动员，也不能填补长期全职岗位。学生还需申请国民保险号（NI）以合法工作并纳税。
4. Canada: Off-Campus Work and Co-op Programs | 加拿大：校外打工与带薪实习
International students with a valid study permit that includes a condition allowing off-campus work can work up to 20 hours per week during regular academic sessions and full-time during scheduled breaks, including summer holidays. Students enrolled in programs that require co-op or internship must obtain a separate work permit for those placements. It is essential to maintain full-time student status and satisfactory academic standing to keep work eligibility.
持有含校外工作许可条件的学习许可的国际学生，在正常学期中每周最多可工作20小时，计划内假期（含暑假）可全职工作。如果课程要求带薪实习或实习，必须单独申请实习工作许可。保持全日制学生身份和合格的学业成绩是保住工作资格的关键。
5. Australia: Student Visa Work Conditions | 澳大利亚：学生签证工作条件
Under Australia's Student visa (subclass 500), students can work up to 48 hours per fortnight (every two weeks) while their course is in session, and unlimited hours during recognized vacation periods. From 1 July 2023, the cap was restored to 48 hours per fortnight, although it had been temporarily relaxed during the pandemic. Work must not interfere with class attendance or academic progress. Students must also obtain a Tax File Number (TFN) from the Australian Taxation Office.
持澳大利亚学生签证（500类）的学生，在课程进行中每两周最多工作48小时，官方假期无时间限制。自2023年7月1日起，打工上限恢复为每两周48小时，此前疫情期间曾临时放宽。工作不得影响上课或学业进展。学生还需向澳大利亚税务局申请税号（TFN）。
6. On-Campus vs. Off-Campus Employment | 校内与校外工作对比
On-campus jobs are often the safest and most accessible option for international students, as they usually fall clearly within visa conditions and don't require additional permits in most countries. Typical roles include library assistant, dining hall worker, administrative support, or research assistant. Off-campus work may offer higher wages or field-related experience but carries more regulatory complexity and requires careful monitoring of hours and employer legitimacy.
校内工作通常是国际学生最安全也最容易获得的选择，因为在大多数国家它明确符合签证条件，无需额外许可。常见岗位包括图书馆助理、食堂员工、行政支持或研究助理。校外工作可能提供更高薪资或行业相关经验，但监管更复杂，需要仔细监控工时并确保雇主合规合法。
7. Tax Obligations and National Insurance | 纳税义务与社保号
Income earned from part-time work is generally taxable in the host country. Students must apply for relevant identification numbers – Social Security Number (SSN) in the US, National Insurance number in the UK, Social Insurance Number (SIN) in Canada, and Tax File Number in Australia – to be properly taxed. In many cases, if total annual earnings fall below the tax-free threshold, students may be entitled to a refund at the end of the fiscal year. Keeping pay slips and records is essential for tax filing.
兼职所得通常需要在留学国缴税。学生需申请相应识别号码——美国的社会安全号（SSN）、英国的国家保险号（NI）、加拿大的社会保险号（SIN）、澳大利亚的税号（TFN）——才能合规纳税。多数情况下，若年收入低于起征点，学生在财政年度末可能有资格申请退税。保留工资单和记录对报税至关重要。
8. Finding a Part-Time Job: Practical Tips | 找兼职工作的实用技巧
Start with your university's career centre or online job board; these platforms vet employers and list positions that are friendly to student schedules. Network with professors, classmates, and alumni – many opportunities arise through word-of-mouth. Prepare a clear CV tailored to local norms, and be honest about your visa status and permitted working hours from the first contact with a potential employer. Apply early and be persistent, as competition can be high.
从学校的就业中心或在线求职平台入手；这些渠道审核过雇主，并罗列适合学生时间安排的岗位。通过教授、同学和校友建立人脉——许多机会通过口耳相传出现。根据当地习惯准备一份清晰的简历，并在初次接触潜在雇主时就诚实告知你的签证状态和允许的工作时长。尽早申请，保持耐心，因为竞争可能很激烈。
9. Balancing Work and Study: Time Management | 工作与学业的平衡：时间管理
While earning extra money is tempting, your primary purpose as an international student is your academic programme. Plan a weekly schedule that prioritises lectures, assignments, and revision sessions before committing to work shifts. Use digital calendars to block study time, and avoid taking on more hours than you can realistically handle – even if visa rules allow 20 hours, a heavy course load might mean 10–12 hours of work is more sustainable. Regularly assess whether your job is affecting your grades or wellbeing.
虽然赚外快很诱人，但作为国际学生，你的首要任务是学业。先规划每周课程、作业和复习时间，然后再安排工作班次。使用电子日历划定学习时段，不要承担实际上无法承受的工时——即使签证允许20小时，课程繁重的话也许每周打工10-12小时更可持续。定期评估工作是否影响了成绩或身心健康。
10. Knowing Your Rights and Staying Safe | 了解权利并保障安全
As a worker, you are entitled to minimum wage, safe working conditions, and protection from discrimination and harassment, regardless of your nationality. Familiarise yourself with the local labour laws and the minimum wage rates, which vary by region (e.g., state-level differences in the US, provincial rules in Canada). If you experience exploitation – such as unpaid trial shifts, withheld wages, or unsafe environments – seek help from your university's international student office, a local workers' rights organisation, or government workplace authority immediately.
作为工作者，无论国籍，你都有权获得最低工资、安全的工作环境和免受歧视与骚扰的保护。熟悉当地劳动法和最低工资标准（如美国各州不同、加拿大各省有区别）。如果遭遇剥削——比如无薪试工、克扣工资或不安全的环境——立即向学校的国际学生办公室、当地工人权益组织或政府劳动部门求助。
Published by TutorHao | Study Abroad Revision Series | aleveler.com
更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）
或截图后用「扫一扫 → 相册」选择本图