📚 Survival and Self-Rescue Guide for International Students During Natural Disasters | 留学生遭遇自然灾害时的避险与自救指南
As an international student, living in a new country brings excitement and challenges. One aspect often overlooked is preparedness for natural disasters. Earthquakes, typhoons, floods, and other hazards can strike without warning. Knowing how to protect yourself and where to seek help is essential for your safety. Developing a clear plan before and during emergencies can make all the difference.
作为留学生，在异国他乡的生活充满新鲜感与挑战，但自然灾害风险常被忽视。地震、台风、洪水等灾害可能毫无征兆地发生，掌握避险与自救知识对保障人身安全至关重要。提前制定应急计划，能在关键时刻挽救生命。
1. Understanding Risks in Your Host Country | 了解留学国的自然灾害风险
Before departure, research the natural disasters common in your destination. Japan, New Zealand and Chile experience frequent earthquakes; the US Gulf Coast and Caribbean face hurricanes; parts of Southeast Asia are prone to monsoons and flooding; Australia battles bushfires; and northern Europe can have severe winter storms. Even regions considered low-risk may have rare events like tsunamis or tornadoes.
出发前，务必了解留学地常见的自然灾害。日本、新西兰和智利地震频繁；美国墨西哥湾沿岸和加勒比地区多飓风；东南亚部分地区易发季风洪水；澳大利亚面临林野火灾；北欧则可能出现暴风雪。即使被认为低风险的地区，也可能遭遇海啸或龙卷风等罕见灾害。
Consult your university's international student office or local government emergency websites for hazard maps and historical data. Knowing what to expect allows you to tailor your preparations. For example, if you study in a seismic zone, securing furniture and knowing safe spots indoors is vital.
向学校国际学生办公室或当地政府应急网站查询灾害地图和历史数据。了解可能发生的灾害类型，才能有的放矢地准备。如果你在地震带留学，固定家具和熟悉室内安全位置就非常重要。
2. Pre-Departure Preparation: Emergency Plan & Kit | 行前准备：应急计划与物资包
Before you leave, assemble a basic emergency kit that you can access immediately upon arrival or keep in your accommodation. The kit should include non-perishable food, bottled water (at least 3 liters per person per day for three days), a first-aid kit, a whistle, a torch or flashlight with extra batteries, a portable power bank, a multi-tool, and copies of important documents. Use a waterproof bag to store these items.
出发前就准备一个应急包，抵达后能立刻取用或存放于住处。包内应包含不易腐坏的食物、瓶装水（每人每天至少3升，备足3天用量）、急救包、哨子、带备用电池的手电筒、充电宝、多功能工具和重要文件复印件。用防水袋收纳。
| Item 物品 | Purpose 用途 |
|---|---|
| Whistle 哨子 | Signal for help if trapped 被困时发出求救信号 |
| Portable radio 便携收音机 | Receive updates when networks fail 网络中断时获取信息 |
| N95 masks N95口罩 | Protection from dust and ash 防尘防灰 |
| Local cash 当地现金 | ATMs may be down 自动取款机可能无法使用 |
Also prepare a family communication plan. Share your local address, emergency contacts, and a schedule for regular check-ins. Give a trusted friend or your embassy the address of your accommodation. Have a physical map in case GPS fails.
同时制定与家人的联络计划。告知对方你的住址、紧急联系人及定期报平安的时间。将住址留给可靠的朋友或大使馆。准备一份纸质地图，以防GPS失灵。
3. Recognizing Warnings & Official Alerts | 识别预警信号与官方通知
Most countries have early warning systems for tsunamis, typhoons or volcanic activity. Learn the meaning of sirens, mobile phone alerts, and emergency broadcast symbols. In Japan, for example, the J-Alert system sends loudspeaker warnings and cell broadcasts seconds before an earthquake. In the US, Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA) provide critical information.
多数国家设有海啸、台风或火山活动预警系统。了解警报器、手机预警和紧急广播符号的含义。例如日本J-Alert系统会在地震前数秒通过扩音器和手机广播发出警告；美国无线紧急警报（WEA）则推送关键信息。
Download the official emergency app of your host country or city. Follow local meteorological agencies on social media. Do not rely solely on news from your home country; local alerts are more immediate and geographically specific. If you receive an evacuation order, act promptly without waiting for confirmation from others.
下载留学地官方应急App，关注当地气象部门的社交媒体。不要只依赖本国新闻，本地预警更及时、更具地理针对性。一旦收到疏散命令，应立即行动，不要等待他人确认。
4. Earthquake Safety: Drop, Cover, Hold On | 地震避险：蹲下、掩护、抓牢
When you feel shaking, immediately drop to your hands and knees to prevent falling. Cover your head and neck with one hand while crawling under a sturdy table or desk. If no shelter is nearby, stay near an interior wall, away from windows. Hold on to your shelter until the shaking stops. Do not run outside during shaking due to falling debris.
感觉到震动时，立即双手双膝着地以免摔倒。用一只手护住头颈，爬到结实的桌子下躲避。如果身边无遮蔽物，紧靠内墙，远离窗户。抓紧遮蔽物直到震动停止。切勿在摇晃时跑向室外，以防被坠落物砸伤。
If you are in bed, stay there and cover your head with a pillow. Avoid doorways unless you know they are load-bearing; most modern doorways are no stronger than the walls. After the main shock, expect aftershocks and be ready to drop, cover and hold on again.
如正在床上，留在床上并用枕头护住头部。不要站在门口，除非能确认是承重结构；现代建筑的门框强度并不比墙体高。主震过后需警惕余震，准备再次蹲下、掩护、抓牢。
5. Typhoons & Hurricanes: Sheltering and Evacuation | 台风与飓风：避难与疏散
Before a typhoon or hurricane makes landfall, reinforce windows with storm shutters or tape, and bring loose outdoor objects inside. Fill bathtubs and containers with water for sanitary use. Turn your refrigerator to the coldest setting to preserve food longer during power outages. Know the location of the nearest designated shelter.
台风或飓风登陆前，用防风板或胶带加固窗户，将室外松散物品搬入室内。在浴缸和容器中储水，以备卫生使用。将冰箱调至最冷以延长断电时食物保鲜。提前确认最近指定避难所位置。
During the storm, stay inside a small interior room, closet or hallway on the lowest floor. Never use candles due to fire risk; use flashlights. If officials issue an evacuation order, leave immediately with your emergency kit. Do not attempt to drive through flooded roads.
强风期间，停留在最低楼层的小内间、衣橱或走廊。切勿使用蜡烛，以防火灾，应用手电筒。假如官方发布疏散令，立即带上应急包撤离。不要试图开车穿越积水路段。
6. Floods: Move to Higher Ground | 洪水：向高处转移
Flooding can occur quickly from heavy rain or storm surges. Never walk or swim through floodwater — just 15 cm of moving water can knock you down. Avoid contact with water that may be contaminated with sewage, chemicals or hidden hazards. Move to the highest floor of your building, but avoid closed attics where you could be trapped by rising water.
暴雨或风暴潮可迅速引发洪水。绝对不要徒步或游泳穿越洪水——仅15厘米深的水流就能将人冲倒。避免接触可能混有污水、化学物质或有潜在危险的积水。转移到建筑物的最高层，但避免进入可能被上升积水困住的封闭阁楼。
If you are in a vehicle and water is rising around it, abandon the car and climb to the roof if safe. Do not stay inside a submerged vehicle. Keep your mobile phone dry in a sealed bag and text for help rather than calling to conserve battery.
如果乘坐的车内进水且水位持续上升，弃车并转移到车顶（确保安全）。不要留在被水淹没的车内。把手机放入密封袋保持干燥，用短信求救，以节省电量。
7. Tsunami: Head Inland and Uphill Immediately | 海啸：立即向内陆高地撤离
A strong earthquake near the coast, a sudden retreat of the sea or an official warning are signs to evacuate immediately. Do not wait for confirmation; a tsunami can arrive in minutes. Move quickly on foot to higher ground at least 30 meters above sea level or 3 km inland. Do not use a vehicle as roads may be blocked.
近岸剧烈地震、海面突然后退或官方预警都是立即撤离的信号。不要等待核实，海啸可能在几分钟内到达。迅速徒步前往海拔至少30米的高地或内陆3公里处。不要驾车，道路可能堵塞。
Stay away from rivers and streams as tsunami waves can travel inland through these channels. Remain in your safe location until authorities declare it is safe to return, as subsequent waves can be larger and arrive hours later. Keep a battery-powered radio for updates.
远离河流和溪流，因海啸波会沿这些通道涌入内陆。留在安全地点直到官方宣布可以返回，因为后续波浪可能更大且几小时后才到达。准备电池收音机接收最新信息。
8. Wildfires and Volcanic Ash | 野火与火山灰应对
If you live in a fire-prone area, create a defensible space around your accommodation by clearing dry vegetation. In the event of a wildfire, follow evacuation orders immediately. Wear long cotton or wool clothing, a hat, goggles and an N95 mask. Close all windows and doors, but leave them unlocked for firefighters.
若居住在林火易发区，清理住所周围干燥植被，形成一道防火隔离带。发生野火时立即遵守疏散令。穿着棉质或羊毛长衣长裤，戴帽子、护目镜和N95口罩。关好门窗，但不上锁以便消防员进入。
During volcanic ashfall, stay indoors with doors and windows sealed. If you must go outside, wear protective gear and avoid driving as ash can clog engines and reduce visibility. Place damp towels at door thresholds to prevent ash from entering. Drink bottled water to avoid ash-contaminated supplies.
火山灰降落期间，待在室内并封闭门窗。如需外出，穿戴防护装备，避免驾车，因火山灰会堵塞发动机并降低能见度。在门缝处放置湿毛巾防止灰进入。饮用瓶装水，避免水源污染。
9. Self-Rescue When Trapped | 被困时的自救技巧
If you become trapped under debris, try to remain calm and conserve oxygen. Cover your nose and mouth with a cloth to filter dust. Tap on a pipe or wall rhythmically to signal rescuers — shouting should be a last resort as it can exhaust you or cause you to inhale dust. If you have a whistle, use it in three short bursts.
如果被掩埋在废墟下，尽量保持冷静，节省氧气。用布捂住口鼻防尘。有节奏地敲击管道或墙壁向救援人员发信号——呼叫是最后手段，因为它会消耗体力并吸入灰尘。如有哨子，用三声短促哨音求救。
Protect your head and check for injuries. Apply pressure to any bleeding wound using a clean cloth. Do not light a match due to possible gas leaks. If you can, move slowly to create a small pocket of safe space, but avoid kicking up dust. Keep mobile phone light minimal to save battery.
保护头部，检查伤势。用干净布料压迫止血。不要划火柴，以防燃气泄漏。如有可能，缓慢移动以开辟一点安全空间，但避免扬起灰尘。尽量少开手机灯以省电。
10. Post-Disaster Communication and Assistance | 灾后联络与寻求援助
After an earthquake or major storm, voice calls may not connect, but SMS and messaging apps often work. Set up a group chat with family and friends abroad and share your status. Register yourself as safe through platforms like the American Red Cross Safe and Well website or Facebook Safety Check. Notify your country’s embassy or consulate if you need evacuation.
地震或强风暴后，语音通话可能无法接通，但短信和通讯应用通常还能使用。与国外亲友建立群聊，更新你的状态。通过美国红十字会“平安与健康”网站或Facebook安全核查等平台登记自己安全。如需撤离，通知本国大使馆或领事馆。
Carry a list of emergency numbers including the local police, fire service, your university hotline and the nearest embassy. If you have lost your passport or visa, contact your embassy immediately and report to the local immigration office. Keep digital copies of all ID documents stored securely online.
随身携带应急电话号码清单，包括当地报警电话、消防、校方热线和最近的大使馆。如果护照或签证丢失，立即联系大使馆并向当地移民局报备。在网上安全存储所有证件电子副本。
11. Mental Health Recovery | 心理恢复与健康
Experiencing a natural disaster can cause anxiety, sleep disruption or traumatic stress. It is normal to feel fear and confusion. Seek support from your university counseling center, international student advisor or a local psychologist. Do not isolate yourself; talk about your experience with trusted friends.
经历自然灾害会引发焦虑、失眠或创伤性应激。感到恐惧和困惑是正常的。向大学心理辅导中心、国际学生顾问或当地心理医生寻求帮助。不要自我封闭，与可信任的朋友倾诉。
Maintain a daily routine of meals, exercise and rest even in temporary accommodation. Limit exposure to distressing news images. Breathing exercises and grounding techniques can help reduce panic attacks. Remember that recovery is a gradual process.
即使在临时住所，也保持规律饮食、锻炼和休息。减少接触令人不安的新闻画面。呼吸练习和接地技巧有助于缓解恐慌发作。记住，心理恢复是一个渐进过程。
12. Insurance and Document Preparedness | 保险与文件备份
Ensure you have comprehensive health and travel insurance that covers natural disasters and emergency evacuation. Read the policy carefully to understand what is included, such as hospital stays, repatriation or temporary accommodation. Keep a copy of your insurance card and contact details in your emergency kit and wallet.
确保购买涵盖自然灾害和紧急疏散的综合健康与旅行保险。仔细阅读条款，了解住院、遣返或临时住宿等保障范围。将保险卡副本和联系方式放在应急包和钱包里。
Scan your passport, visa, student ID, insurance policy and accommodation lease. Store them in a secure cloud service and on a USB drive in your go-bag. In an evacuation, you may not have time to grab physical documents. Having digital copies simplifies re-issuing lost papers.
扫描护照、签证、学生证、保险单和租房合同。存入安全的云服务和随身应急包中的U盘。疏散时可能来不及带走纸质文件，拥有电子副本能简化补办手续。
Published by TutorHao | International Student Safety Series | aleveler.com
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