📚 Math Practice Animation G-5-1: Graph Transformations Analysis | 数学练习动画 G-5-1 图形变换题型解析
In today' unction g(x) = 2 sin(3x − π) + 1 obtained from f(x) = sin x, and describe the visual changes step by step. This type of problem tests understanding of amplitude, period, phase shift, and vertical shift.
在今天的数学练习动画中,我们解析 G-5-1,这是一道关于三角函数图像变换的综合题。题目要求从 f(x) = sin x 出发,分析 g(x) = 2 sin(3x − π) + 1 的变换过程,逐步描述图像变化。该题型考查对振幅、周期、相位移动和垂直移动的理解。
1. Understanding the G-5-1 Problem | 理解 G-5-1 题型
. The animation shows the original sine wave and then morphs it into the new curve. The task is to identify each transformation parameter and explain how the graph changes.
G-5-1 动画题展示基础函数 f(x) = sin x 和变换后的函数 g(x) = 2 sin(3x − π) + 1。动画先显示原始正弦波,然后逐步变成新曲线。任务要求识别每个变换参数,并解释图像如何变化。
2. Standard Form for Graphing | 作图的标准形式
period, h is the horizontal shift, and k is the vertical shift. Our given function is g(x) = 2 sin(3x − π) + 1, so we need to factor the argument.
为了分析三角变换,我们将函数写成标准形式:y = a sin(b(x − h)) + k,其中 a 影响振幅,b 影响周期,h 是水平移动,k 是垂直移动。已知函数为 g(x) = 2 sin(3x − π) + 1,因此需要对角度部分进行因式分解。
3. Extracting Parameters | 提取参数
is gives the standard form g(x) = 2 sin(3(x − π/3)) + 1. Now each transformation is clear.
提取正弦内 x 的系数:3x − π = 3(x − π/3)。因此 a = 2,b = 3,h = π/3,k = 1。得到标准形式 g(x) = 2 sin(3(x − π/3)) + 1。现在每个变换都清晰了。
4. Amplitude and Vertical Stretch | 振幅与垂直伸缩
The parameter a = 2 means the amplitude is |2| tes between −2 and 2 (before vertical shift). This is a vertical stretch by a factor of 2.
参数 a = 2 表示振幅为 |2| = 2。原 sin x 的图像在 −1 和 1 之间波动,现在(垂直移动前)在 −2 和 2 之间波动。这是垂直方向伸缩了 2 倍。
5. Period and Horizontal Stretch/Compression | 周期与水平伸缩
The period of the sine function is given by 2π/|b| full cycle three times faster. This is a horizontal compression by a factor of 1/b = 1/3.
正弦函数的周期由 2π/|b| 给出。此处 b = 3,所以周期为 2π/3。与原周期 2π 相比,图像完成一个完整周期的速度变为原来的三倍。这是水平方向压缩为原来的 1/b = 1/3。
6. Phase Shift (Horizontal Translation) | 相位移动(水平平移)
because the standard form has (x − h). So the graph shifts right by π/3 units. It is crucial to note that the shift is π/3, not π, because we must factor out b first.
相位移动为 h = π/3,向右平移,因为标准形式为 (x − h)。所以图像向右移动 π/3 个单位。必须注意的是移动量为 π/3 而非 π,因为需先提取 b。
7. Vertical Shift | 垂直移动
s y = 1. After all transformations, the graph oscillates between 1 − 2 = −1 and 1 + 2 = 3.
垂直移动量 k = 1,整个图像向上移动 1 个单位。正弦波的中线从 y = 0 变成 y = 1。经过所有变换后,图像在 −1 和 3 之间振荡(1−2=−1,1+2=3)。
8. Step-by-Step Sketching Guide | 逐步绘图指南
ght by π/3. Step 4: Shift up by 1. The resulting graph is g(x) = 2 sin(3x − π) + 1. An animation would show these transformations in sequence.
从 f(x) = sin x 出发。第1步:垂直拉伸 2 倍 → 振幅 2,值域 [−2,2]。第2步:水平压缩为 1/3 → 周期 2π/3。第3步:向右平移 π/3。第4步:向上平移 1。最终图像为 g(x) = 2 sin(3x − π) + 1。动画会依次展示这些变换。
9. Key Points Calculation | 关键点坐标计算
verify, we can calculate key points for one period. For the transformed function, the new 'quarter points' /3+π/3 = π. Compute y-values using the function: at x=π/3, y=2 sin(0)+1=1; at x=π/2, y=2 sin(π/2)+1=3; at x=2π/3, y=2 sin(π)+1=1; at x=5π/6, y=2 sin(3π/2)+1= −1; at x=π, y=2 sin(2π)+1=1. This matches the expected shape.
为验证,可计算一个周期内的关键点。变换后的函数,新的“四分之一周期点”从 x = π/3(相位移动点)开始,然后每次加周期/4 = (2π/3)/4 = π/6。因此 x 坐标为:π/3, π/3+π/6 = π/2, π/3+π/3 = 2π/3, 2π/3+π/6 = 5π/6, 2π/3+π/3 = π。计算 y 值:x=π/3 时 y=2 sin(0)+1=1;x=π/2 时 y=2 sin(π/2)+1=3;x=2π/3 时 y=2 sin(π)+1=1;x=5π/6 时 y=2 sin(3π/2)+1=−1;x=π 时 y=2 sin(2π)+1=1。这与预期形状一致。
10. Common Mistakes and Quick Checks | 常见错误与快速检查
order of transformations: horizontal shifts are applied after factoring, and vertical shift is always last. A quick check: plug in x=0 gives g(0)=2 sin(−π)+1 = 2(0)+1 = 1. Original sin 0 = 0, so point (0,0) moves to (0,1) after vertical shift, but after phase shift the starting point should be at x=π/3 with y=1. So (0,1) is on the curve. Always double-check with a few points.
常见错误是学生忘记提取 b,导致相位移动错误(如误为 π 而非 π/3)。另一个错误是混淆变换顺序:水平移动在提取公因数后应用,垂直移动永远是最后一步。快速检查:代入 x=0,g(0)=2 sin(−π)+1=2×0+1=1。原始点 (0,0) 经过垂直移动后为 (0,1),但经过相位移动后起始点应在 x=π/3 处 y=1。所以 (0,1) 在曲线上。始终用几个点验证。
Published by TutorHao | Mathematics Revision Series | aleveler.com
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