📚 GCSE OCR Science: Calculation Practice | GCSE OCR 科学：计算题专项训练
Calculation questions are a vital part of OCR GCSE Science, appearing across Physics, Chemistry and Biology. They test your ability to select the right formula, substitute values correctly and handle units. This targeted revision guide walks you through the most common calculation types, offering worked examples, key equations and strategies to avoid typical mistakes.
计算题是OCR GCSE科学的核心部分，涵盖物理、化学和生物。它们考查你选择正确公式、正确代入数值和处理单位的能力。这篇专项复习指南带你练习最常见的计算类型，提供例题、关键方程和避免常见错误的策略。
1. Key Equations and Units | 关键公式与单位
Before tackling specific topics, it is essential to memorise the fundamental equations and their SI units. Many marks are lost through unit inconsistencies, so always include units in your working and convert where necessary. The table below summarises the equations you are expected to use in the exam.
在攻克具体主题之前，务必熟记基本方程及其国际单位。许多分数因单位不一致而丢失，因此在解题过程中始终要带上单位并适时转换。下表汇总了考试中你需要使用的方程。
| Topic / 主题 | Equation / 方程 | SI Units / 国际单位 |
|---|---|---|
| Speed / 速度 | v = s / t | m/s |
| Acceleration / 加速度 | a = (v - u) / t | m/s² |
| Resultant Force / 合力 | F = m a | N (kg m/s²) |
| Weight / 重量 | W = m g | N |
| Kinetic Energy / 动能 | Eₖ = ½ m v² | J |
| Gravitational Potential Energy / 重力势能 | Eₚ = m g h | J |
| Elastic Potential Energy / 弹性势能 | Eₑ = ½ k e² | J |
| Power / 功率 | P = E / t | W |
| Efficiency / 效率 | Efficiency = (useful output / total input) × 100% | % |
| Density / 密度 | ρ = m / V | kg/m³ |
| Pressure / 压强 | p = F / A | Pa (N/m²) |
| Electrical Resistance / 电阻 | R = V / I | Ω |
| Electrical Power / 电功率 | P = I V = I² R | W |
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