IB English B SL 写作 文本类型 250至400词
IB 的 English B 属于语言 B 课程，SL 的写作卷是 Paper 1，占学科总分的 25%。考生从三个任务里挑一个，三个任务分别来自不同的主题，主题范围是 identities、experiences、human ingenuity、social organization、sharing the planet。每个任务会给出几种文本类型，考生只能在题目列出的范围里选。字数要求是 250 到 400 词，考试时间 75 分钟，三项评分标准合计 30 分。IBO 发布的 Language B guide（首次评估 2020）把这些写在外部评估说明里，其中 A 项语言 12 分、B 项信息 12 分、C 项概念理解 6 分。很多学生以为字数写满 400 就稳，实际阅卷看的是任务有没有完成、文本类型像不像。
Paper 1 is the writing paper in English B and it accounts for 25 per cent of the SL grade. Candidates choose one of three tasks, each drawn from a different theme, and then pick a text type from the short list printed in the question. The response must run to 250-400 words in 75 minutes, and the three criteria add up to 30 marks: language 12, message 12 and conceptual understanding 6.
三个任务的分布与卷面结构
卷面给三个任务，每个任务配一段情境说明，说明里写清写给谁、为什么写、会发表在哪里。情境里的这些线索决定了文本类型的选择，也决定了语域。任务下面列出三到四种文本类型，其中通常有一种与受众或目的不合，选它会在 C 项上直接吃亏。三个任务来自不同主题，考生只写一篇，卷面没有阅读材料，内容全靠自己组织。字数 250 到 400，写不满会让内容点展不开，写得太长容易跑题。常见的错误是把 400 词当成硬上限，为了凑字数塞进与任务无关的背景。
Three tasks, three different themes, one response. The situation line in each task tells you who reads the text, why it is being written and where it will appear, so the text type has to follow from that line rather than from habit; one of the options on offer is usually a poor fit and choosing it costs marks on criterion C. Candidates who treat 400 words as a ceiling often pad the opening with background nobody asked for.
Criterion A 语言 12 分的四档描述
A 项看语言掌控，四档描述在 guide 里写得很具体。1 到 3 分是词汇有时合适、只有基础结构、错误干扰交流。4 到 6 分是词汇合适、开始尝试复杂结构、复杂结构出错。7 到 9 分是词汇合适且有变化、基础与复杂结构并用、错误不干扰理解。10 到 12 分要求词汇合适且有变化，并出现习语表达，复杂结构用得有效。习语不是堆短语，用得贴切才算，硬塞一句 at the end of the day 反而伤语气。很多学生以为长句等于复杂结构，结果一句话套三个从句，主谓一致先崩。
Criterion A is about control, not ambition. A band 7-9 response uses vocabulary that fits the task, mixes basic and complex structures, and keeps errors away from meaning, whereas the top band adds idiomatic expression that reads naturally rather than decoratively. Examiners see many scripts where every sentence carries three clauses and subject-verb agreement collapses in the second one.
Criterion B 信息 12 分与任务动词
B 项问的是任务完成到什么程度，描述分四档：部分完成、总体完成、完成、有效完成。评分时看三件事，想法与任务的相关性、想法展开的深度、组织是否让信息顺利传达。题目里的动词是抓手，describe、explain、evaluate、persuade、invite、recommend 各自要求不同的展开方式。要求 explain 的题只写描述，B 项不会高。要求 give two suggestions 的题只给一个，另一个用一句空话顶上，同样扣在这里。题目要求 give one example 时，例子要具体到时间、地点或人物，泛泛写一句 for example 不算展开。阅卷时最容易看出的是内容点缺失，语言再漂亮也补不回来。
Criterion B asks how far the task has been fulfilled, and the descriptors run from partial to effective. Relevance, development and organisation are the three things being weighed, so each command verb in the prompt needs its own kind of development: explain needs reasons, evaluate needs judgement, invite needs practical detail. A missing content point is visible at once, and no amount of fluent English hides it; examples need a time, a place or a person, not the phrase for example.
Criterion C 概念理解 6 分与文本类型
C 项 6 分，看文本类型、语域、语气和惯例是否配得上受众、目的与情境。三档描述从「类型通常不合适」到「类型合适、语气照顾受众、惯例清楚」。这一项是三项里分值最小却最容易丢的，因为选错类型一次就压到 1 到 2 分。guide 在课程目标里写明，Paper 1 要求学生靠文本类型、语域与风格展示对 audience、context、purpose、meaning、variation 的理解。题目问的是这一篇有没有展示概念理解，不是问考生背不背得出五个概念的定义。写作时把这五个词当检查项，比背模板有用。
Criterion C carries only 6 marks but it punishes careless choices hardest. The descriptor asks whether the text type suits the context, audience and purpose, and whether register and conventions are recognisable; an unsuitable text type can drop the response to the lowest band even when the English is strong. Reading the situation line twice before writing is cheaper than repairing the wrong format afterwards.
五个概念在答题里的落点
audience 决定称呼与代词，写给校董会的说法和写给同学的说法完全不同。context 决定时态与背景信息量，给未来读者看的通知要交代时间地点，写给同班同学的回顾可以省略。purpose 决定段落顺序，先给结论还是先铺背景，要看题目要 inform 还是 persuade。meaning 指语言怎么造出言外之意，反讽与委婉在 review 里常见，在 report 里几乎不出现。variation 指按情境调整正式度，同一个意思在 email 与 speech 里可以差两个语域。五个概念不是五条口号，每一段都能对上其中一两个。
The five concepts are practical checks rather than slogans. Audience decides address and pronouns, context decides how much background the reader needs, purpose decides the order of paragraphs, meaning covers implication and tone, and variation covers the shift in formality between an email to a teacher and a speech to a year group. A quick pass over these five at the planning stage catches most register errors before they reach the page.
article 与 blog 的分界
article 通常有标题、导语、分段小标题，视角偏第三人称，作者观点放在结尾或引述里。blog 用第一人称，直接对读者说话，段落短，收尾可以带一句互动邀请。两者都允许个人经验，但 article 的个人经验要服务于主题，blog 的个人经验本身就是内容。给校刊写一篇睡眠与考试的 article，标题要能概括主题，正文按问题、原因、建议排。写 blog 则可以从自己上周熬夜的经历切入。标题带具体名词比带形容词管用，Sleep, screens and the night before an exam 就比 A serious problem 更能立住主题。常见的错误是把 blog 写成没有标题的日记，把 article 写成通篇 I think。
An article usually carries a headline, an opening paragraph and subheadings, with the writer's view stated late or carried through quotation. A blog speaks in the first person, addresses readers directly and keeps paragraphs short enough to scroll; personal experience supports an article but supplies the substance of a blog. Writing a blog with no headline and a diary tone is one of the commonest format slips in the middle band.
speech 的呼语、反问与收尾
speech 是写出来准备讲的稿子，开头要有呼语，中间要有让听众跟上的重复与反问。段落按提出主张、给出理由、举例、回应反对的顺序推进，每一段都该听得出层次。结尾要落到具体行动，邀请听众做一件可执行的事。写 speech 时句子要比 article 短，长从句在口头表达里会散。引述数字要标明来源，自己编一句没有出处的引用会让语气立刻失真。这一步最容易丢分的地方，是把 speech 写成 essay，通篇没有对听众说话。
A speech is written to be heard, so it opens with an address to the room and holds attention through repetition and rhetorical questions. Each paragraph should move from claim to reason to example to a response to the obvious objection, and the ending should ask the audience to do something specific. Long embedded clauses look impressive on the page and disappear in the air, which is why strong scripts keep sentences short.
正式书信与 email 的称呼和结尾
正式书信的开头用 Dear Sir or Madam，不知道姓名时结尾配 Yours faithfully。知道姓名时开头用 Dear Mr Chen，结尾配 Yours sincerely。这两组搭配是英式书信的老规矩，配错在 C 项上很明显。正文第一段写清写信目的，第二段给理由或情况，第三段提出请求并给出可接受的答复期限。第一句直接落到事由，比先寒暄三句更符合正式书信的惯例，可以写成 I am writing to ask whether the library could open an hour earlier in exam weeks。email 在 IB 的任务里通常按书信惯例处理，主题行可以省略，称呼与结尾不能省。很多学生把 email 写成聊天记录，开头直接 Hi，结尾没有署名。
Formal correspondence has fixed openings and closings, and the pairing matters. Dear Sir or Madam goes with Yours faithfully, while Dear Mr Chen goes with Yours sincerely; mixing the two is a visible error under criterion C. The first paragraph states the purpose, the middle paragraphs give reasons, and the last asks for a decision with a reasonable deadline.
review 与 report 的评价语言
review 面向潜在读者，先给基本信息，再给评价，最后给推荐或不推荐。评价要有依据，说一部纪录片节奏拖，就得指出哪一段拖、拖在哪里。report 面向决策者，语气客观，用小标题分节，结尾给结论与建议。两者都可能出现数字，report 的数字要标明来源，review 的数字多是场次、时长这类可核实的信息。常见的错误是把 review 写成剧情复述，把 report 写成个人感想。写 review 时给一句能引用的具体细节，比连说三次 excellent 有用。评分里的 message 一项，在这两种文体上都看信息有没有站得住。
A review gives basic information, then judgement, then a recommendation, and the judgement has to point at evidence rather than assert quality. A report is written for a decision maker: objective tone, subheadings, a short conclusion and recommendations that follow from the findings. Retelling a plot instead of evaluating it, or turning a report into a personal reflection, are the two failures examiners notice most often, and one quotable detail is worth more than three unsupported adjectives.
brochure 与 leaflet 的短句和行动号召
这类宣传品的读者只会扫读，句子要短，信息要分组。标题给出主题，小标题分组，项目符号列要点，结尾给行动号召与联系方式。宣传语气靠动词，join、book、visit、find out 比一句你应该更有推动力。leaflet 通常单页，信息量比 brochure 少，取舍要更狠。字数落在 250 到 400 的区间里，宣传品容易写得太短，因为句子短、信息密度低。补内容的办法是加一段解释理由的文字，而不是堆形容词。
Promotional material is read by scanning, so sentences stay short and information is grouped. A headline names the subject, subheadings divide it, bullet points carry the details, and the close gives a call to action with contact information. Leaflets hold less than brochures, and in a 250-400 word task the real risk is running short rather than long.
三个任务怎么挑与文本类型的选择代价
挑任务的顺序是先看哪个题的内容点能写满，再看文本类型是否顺手。看起来高级的类型不一定给分高，选一个写不像的类型会在 C 项上失分。任务要求写给广泛读者表达看法时，diary 与 journal 就不合适，blog 或 speech 更贴。任务要求向负责人提出具体改动时，proposal 或正式书信比 article 合适。三个任务里通常有一个明显不合手，先排除它再比较剩下两个。这一步最容易犯的错是按题型熟悉度选题，而不是按内容准备度。
Choose the task whose content points you can actually fill, then check whether the text type sits comfortably in your hand. A diary entry cannot address a wide public audience, and a proposal or formal letter does work that an article cannot when specific changes are requested. Picking by familiarity with the format rather than by readiness with the content is the quiet route to a middle-band score.
75 分钟的时间切法与交卷前检查
前 5 分钟读三个任务，圈出动词、受众与内容点，选定一篇。接下来 45 到 50 分钟写，按段落推进，不在中途反复改开头。最后 15 到 20 分钟检查称呼、标题、段落分隔、字数与动词时态。检查清单里要有文本类型的惯例项，比如 speech 有没有呼语、letter 有没有署名、report 有没有小标题。IBO 官网 2026 年 4 月 2 日更新的课程页写明，新版 Language B 课程 2027 年 2 月发布、2027 年 8 月首次教学、2029 年 5 月首次评估，现在备考的学生仍按首次评估 2020 的 guide。交卷前把每个内容点对着题目划一遍，缺的那一个往往藏在第二段中段。字数落在 300 到 360 之间最稳，两端都留余量。
Five minutes of reading, fifty minutes of writing and twenty minutes of checking is a workable split. The final pass should look at the address, headline, paragraphing, word count and tense consistency, plus the conventions the chosen text type demands, such as an address line in a speech or headings in a report. Aim for roughly 300-360 words so that neither limit feels tight, and remember that candidates now in the DP are still assessed against the guide first examined in 2020.
牛津高阶英汉双解词典 第10版 商务印书馆¥168📱 去京东购买京东精选
需要一对一辅导？Need One-on-One Tutoring?
A-Level / GCSE / IB / KS2-KS3 全科辅导，英语写作与口语专项练习
16621398022同微信
Visit aleveler.com
或截图后用「扫一扫 → 相册」选择本图