📚 Plan 1 Student Loan Overseas Income Thresholds by Country of Residence | 第一类还款计划海外收入门槛按居住国家如何区分
If you borrowed under Plan 1 and you now live outside the UK, your repayment threshold is not the familiar UK figure. The Student Loans Company (SLC) publishes a separate earnings threshold for every country and territory in the world, and that figure decides the income level at which your 9% repayments begin. This guide explains what Plan 1 is, why thresholds are set country by country, how the purchasing-power mechanism works, how to read the official table, and how to avoid the penalties that catch out borrowers who forget to tell SLC where they live.
如果你使用的是第一类还款计划（Plan 1）学生贷款，而现在居住在英国以外，那么你的还款收入门槛并不是英国本土的那个数字。学生贷款公司（SLC）为全球每个国家和地区都单独公布了一个收入门槛，正是这个数字决定了你从哪一档收入开始按 9% 还款。本文将说明什么是第一类还款计划、为什么门槛要按国家分别设定、购买力平价机制如何运作、如何读懂官方对照表，以及如何避免因忘记向 SLC 申报居住地而产生的罚款。
1. What Plan 1 Is and Who Repays Under It | 什么是第一类还款计划及其适用人群
Plan 1 is the oldest of the UK student loan repayment plans. It covers loans taken out in England and Wales before 1 September 2012, all Scottish loans regardless of when they were taken out, and all Northern Ireland loans. Borrowers on Plan 1 repay 9% of everything they earn above the Plan 1 threshold, and any balance left after 25 years (from the April after they became eligible to repay) is written off.
第一类还款计划（Plan 1）是英国历史最久的学生贷款还款计划。它包括 2012 年 9 月 1 日之前在英格兰和威尔士申请的所有贷款、苏格兰的全部贷款（无论申请年份），以及北爱尔兰的全部贷款。该类计划的借款人需将超过门槛部分的收入按 9% 还款；从具备还款资格后的第一个 4 月起算满 25 年后，剩余余额将被核销。
Because Plan 1 loans are older, many borrowers are now in their thirties and forties and working abroad. That is exactly why the overseas rules matter: a Plan 1 borrower working in Melbourne, Dubai or Lagos is not assessed against the UK threshold, but against a country-specific figure that is usually lower.
由于这类贷款年代较早，许多借款人如今已三四十岁并在海外工作，这正说明海外规则的重要性：一位在墨尔本、迪拜或拉各斯工作的第一类计划借款人，其还款门槛并不是英国本土门槛，而是一个通常更低的国家专属数字。
2. The UK Threshold and the Overseas Threshold: Two Different Numbers | 英国本土门槛与海外门槛：两个不同的数字
Inside the UK, one single threshold applies to every Plan 1 borrower, wherever in the country they live. In recent years that annual figure has moved between roughly £22,000 and £26,000; for 2024-25 it was £24,990 a year, equivalent to about £2,082 a month. Only earnings above that line are counted.
在英国境内，所有第一类计划借款人适用同一个门槛，无论居住在哪个地区。近年来这一年度数字大约在 22,000 至 26,000 英镑之间浮动；2024-25 年度为每年 24,990 英镑，约合每月 2,082 英镑。只有超过这条线的收入才计入还款。
Once you are resident overseas, that single figure is replaced by a table of hundreds of country-specific thresholds. Some are close to the UK number; many are dramatically lower. The threshold that applies to you is determined by your country of residence, not by your nationality, your employer's location or the currency you are paid in.
一旦你成为海外居民，那个单一数字就会被一张包含数百个国家专属门槛的表格取代。有些接近英国本土数字，很多则低得多。适用哪一个门槛，取决于你的居住国家，而不是你的国籍、雇主所在地或你收取薪水的币种。
3. Why Thresholds Are Set Country by Country | 为什么门槛要按国家分别设定
The purpose of a repayment threshold is to protect a basic standard of living: you should not have to repay a student loan out of income you need for essentials. That logic collapses if you apply a UK cash figure to a country where the cost of living is a fraction of the UK's. A borrower earning the equivalent of £8,000 in a low-cost economy may be comfortably off, while the same £8,000 in London would be poverty-level.
还款门槛的初衷是保障基本生活水平：你不应被迫用维持基本生活所需的收入来偿还学生贷款。如果把英国的收入数字直接套用到生活成本远低于英国的国家，这套逻辑就崩塌了。在低成本经济体中年收入相当于 8,000 英镑的人可能生活宽裕，而在伦敦同样的 8,000 英镑则属于贫困线水平。
So the SLC builds a country-by-country table that tries to equalise the real burden of repayment. The effect is that a borrower in a high-cost, high-wage country such as Switzerland or the United States starts repaying at a relatively high income, while a borrower in a lower-cost country starts repaying at a much lower income in cash terms.
因此，SLC 制定了一张逐国对照表，力图使还款的实际负担大致相当。其结果是：在瑞士或美国这类高成本、高工资国家，借款人要在相对较高的收入水平才开始还款；而在生活成本较低的国家，开始还款的现金收入水平要低得多。
Two consequences follow. First, the number of countries is large, so there is no single "overseas threshold". Second, thresholds are revised annually, so a figure you memorised two years ago is probably out of date.
由此产生两个后果：第一，国家数量众多，因此并不存在单一的"海外门槛"；第二，门槛每年修订，你两年前记住的数字很可能已经过时。
4. Purchasing Power Parity: The Core Mechanism | 购买力平价：核心机制
The technical basis for the country table is purchasing power parity (PPP). PPP compares what a representative basket of goods and services costs in different countries, rather than simply comparing currency exchange rates. Two currencies can trade at 1:10 on the market while having a purchasing-power ratio of only 1:4, because prices in the cheaper country are lower.
国家对照表的技术基础是购买力平价（PPP）。购买力平价比较的是一篮子代表性商品和服务在不同国家的价格，而不是简单地比较汇率。两种货币的市场汇率可能是 1:10，但购买力之比可能只有 1:4，因为价格较低国家的物价水平更低。
In simplified form, the calculation looks like this:
简化后的计算逻辑如下：
Overseas threshold = UK threshold × Country purchasing-power adjustment factor
海外门槛 = 英国本土门槛 × 该国购买力调整系数
A factor of 1.00 means the country is treated as broadly comparable to the UK, so the thresholds match. A factor of 0.30 means the overseas threshold is only 30% of the UK figure. Factors are derived from international price-level data and cost-of-living indices, and they are re-derived each year, which is why the published figures move even when the UK threshold stays still.
系数为 1.00 意味着该国被视作与英国大致相当，两地门槛相同；系数为 0.30 意味着海外门槛仅为英国数字的 30%。系数来自国际价格水平数据和各地生活成本指数，并且每年重新测算，这正是为什么即使英国本土门槛不变，各国公布的数字仍会变动。
The table below shows the general pattern. It is illustrative only: the binding figure for your country is the one SLC publishes for the current repayment year.
下表展示总体规律。此表仅为示意：对你具有约束力的数字，是 SLC 公布的当年度对应国家门槛。
| Country group | 国家类别 | Typical factor | 典型系数 | Illustrative annual threshold if UK = £24,990 | 示意门槛 | Examples | 举例 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Very high cost, high wage | 成本与工资双高 | 0.95-1.15 | £23,700-£28,700 | Switzerland, Norway, Denmark, Bermuda |
| High income | 高收入 | 0.70-1.00 | £17,500-£25,000 | USA, Ireland, Australia, Canada, Japan, UAE, Singapore |
| Upper-middle income | 中高收入 | 0.40-0.70 | £10,000-£17,500 | Poland, Portugal, Greece, South Korea, Malaysia, Chile |
| Middle income | 中等收入 | 0.25-0.45 | £6,000-£11,000 | Brazil, South Africa, China, Turkey, Mexico, Thailand |
| Lower income | 低收入 | 0.10-0.25 | £2,500-£6,000 | India, Nigeria, Pakistan, Kenya, Bangladesh, Vietnam |
5. Where to Find the Official Country Table | 如何查官方国家对照表
The authoritative source is the SLC's published overseas earnings threshold list for the current repayment year, available through the official student finance websites for England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Thresholds are normally updated each April and apply to the whole repayment year, so you should always download the current version rather than rely on a saved copy.
权威来源是 SLC 公布的当年度海外收入门槛清单，可通过英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰的官方学生资助网站获取。门槛通常在每年 4 月更新并适用于整个还款年度，因此你应始终下载最新版本，而不是依赖旧存档。
When you search, use the exact legal name of your country of residence. Territories, special administrative regions and dependencies are often listed separately: Hong Kong, Macao, Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, Jersey and the Isle of Man may each have their own line. If your country does not appear at all, do not assume that no rule applies; contact SLC directly for the applicable figure.
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