📚 Children Not in School: What Happens Next and the Joint Thematic Review of Local Areas | 儿童不在校怎么办：英国地方区域将接受联合主题审查
The number of children in England who are not in school - whether because of absence, exclusion, elective home education or placement in an unregistered setting - has become one of the most closely watched issues in education policy. In 2025 the inspection system responded: Ofsted and the Care Quality Commission confirmed a joint thematic review of how local areas identify, track and support children who are not in school. For A-Level students of sociology, politics or education policy, this is a live case study of how law, inspection and multi-agency practice intersect.
在英格兰，不在校儿童的数量——无论是因缺勤、停学开除、选择在家教育，还是被安置在未注册机构——已经成为教育政策中最受关注的议题之一。2025 年，督察体系作出回应：Ofsted 与护理质量委员会（CQC）确认将开展联合主题审查，考察地方区域如何识别、追踪并支持不在校的儿童。对学习 A-Level 社会学、政治学或教育政策的学生而言，这是一个关于法律、督察与多机构协作如何交织的鲜活案例。
1. What "Children Not in School" Actually Means | 「儿童不在校」究竟指什么
The phrase covers several distinct groups with different legal statuses. A child missing education (CME) is not registered at any school and is not receiving suitable education elsewhere. A child in elective home education (EHE) is not registered at school but is being educated at home by parental choice. A persistently absent pupil is still on a school roll but misses 10 per cent or more of possible sessions; a severely absent pupil misses 50 per cent or more.
这个说法其实涵盖若干法律地位各不相同的群体。失学儿童（CME）指未在任何学校注册、也未在其他地方接受适当教育的学生。选择在家教育（EHE）的儿童未在学校注册，但由家长主动在家施教。持续缺勤学生仍在校名册上，但缺勤达到全部可能课时的 10% 或以上；严重缺勤学生则达到 50% 或以上。
These differences matter because duties attach differently. A local authority has a statutory duty to identify children who are missing education, but it has no general duty to monitor the quality of home education unless it has grounds to suspect the education is unsuitable.
这些区别很重要，因为对应的法定义务不同。地方当局有识别失学儿童的法定职责，但一般而言没有监督在家教育质量的义务，除非有理由怀疑该教育不适当。
| Category | 类别 | On a school roll? | 是否在校名册 | Main legal lever | 主要法律抓手 |
|---|---|---|
| CME | 失学儿童 | No | 否 | s.436A Education Act 1996 | 《1996 年教育法》第 436A 条 |
| EHE | 在家教育 | No | 否 | s.7 Education Act 1996 | 《1996 年教育法》第 7 条 |
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