📚 Draft Safety Standards for Private Tutoring and Extracurricular Classes: A Complete Parent Guide | 校外培训与课外班安全保障准则拟出台：家长指引全解读
Families across the country now spend a substantial part of the week inside tutoring centres, after-school clubs and weekend enrichment classes. Alongside rapid growth, regulators have repeatedly noted that safety practice varies enormously between providers, from excellent to frankly dangerous. A new set of draft safety standards for off-campus tutoring and extracurricular classes is therefore expected to be issued, accompanied by a plain-language parent guide. This article explains what the draft rules are likely to cover, how providers will be assessed, and exactly what parents should check before paying a single fee.
如今，许多家庭每周有相当一部分时间是在培训机构、课后托管班和周末兴趣班中度过的。随着行业快速扩张，监管方也反复指出：不同机构之间的安全水平差异极大，有的规范到位，有的则令人担忧。因此，一套针对校外培训与课外班的安全保障准则草案预计将出台，并将同步发布一份通俗易懂的家长指引。本文解读准则草案可能涵盖的内容、机构将如何被评估，以及家长在缴费之前应当逐项核对什么。
1. Why the Draft Standards Are Being Written Now | 为何现在起草这份安全准则
The after-school sector has expanded far faster than its safety infrastructure. Reports of overcrowded rooms, blocked fire exits, unvetted staff and unsupervised young children have accumulated over several years. Existing rules tend to focus on fees, advertising and curriculum, leaving day-to-day physical and emotional safety largely to the discretion of individual operators.
校外培训行业的扩张速度，远远快于其安全基础设施的建设。多年来，关于教室超员、消防通道被堵、从业人员未经核验、低龄儿童无人看护的报道不断累积。现行规则多聚焦于收费、广告和课程内容，而日常的人身安全与心理安全，很大程度上仍由各机构自行裁量。
The draft standards aim to create one baseline that applies regardless of subject, brand size or location. The logic is simple: a child attending a maths class, a swimming lesson and a coding club should not face three completely different levels of risk protection.
准则草案的目标，是建立一套不论学科、品牌规模或所在地区都适用的统一底线。其逻辑很简单：同一个孩子去上数学课、游泳课和编程课，不应该面对三套完全不同的风险防护水平。
Critically, the standards are expected to come with a companion parent guide. Regulation alone cannot fix safety if parents do not know what to look for, so the guidance is designed to be readable, checklist-based and free of legal jargon.
尤为关键的是，准则预计会配套一份家长指引。如果家长不知道要看什么，仅靠监管并不能真正解决安全问题，因此这份指引被设计成可读性强、以清单为主、不含法律术语的形式。
2. Scope, Definitions and Who Must Comply | 适用范围、定义与合规主体
The draft framework is expected to define a "tutoring or extracurricular provider" broadly, so that operators cannot escape obligations by relabelling themselves as a club, studio or community group. In practice, any organisation that regularly supervises minors in exchange for payment is likely to be in scope.
准则草案预计会对"校外培训或课外班机构"作出较宽的界定，以防有机构通过改称"俱乐部""工作室"或"社区团体"来规避义务。实际上，只要是以收费方式定期看护未成年人的组织，都很可能被纳入适用范围。
Coverage is expected to include academic tutoring, exam preparation, language schools, arts and music studios, sports academies, STEM and coding clubs, and holiday camps. Both in-person and online-only provision fall inside the boundary, as do franchise networks and independent home tutors above a defined learner threshold.
适用范围预计包括学科辅导、考试冲刺、语言培训、美术与音乐工作室、体育培训、STEM 与编程俱乐部以及假期营。线下与纯线上课程均在边界之内，连锁加盟机构和达到一定学员数量的独立家教也被涵盖。
A practical consequence is that obligations should scale with risk rather than with brand size. A single tutor teaching three teenagers in a living room faces different requirements from a centre supervising ninety six-year-olds, yet both must meet the core safeguarding duties.
一个现实结果是：义务应当与风险规模挂钩，而非与品牌大小挂钩。一位在客厅里教三名青少年的独立教师在具体要求上与一家看护九十名六岁儿童的机构不同，但两者都必须满足核心的未成年人保护义务。
- In scope: paid tutoring, clubs, camps, online classes, franchised branches — 纳入范围：付费辅导、俱乐部、营地、线上课程、加盟分校。
- Core duties apply to all: registration, staff vetting, emergency planning, record keeping — 所有主体均适用的核心义务：备案、人员核验、应急预案、记录留存。
- Enhanced duties apply to higher-risk settings: young children, sports, swimming, residential camps — 高风险场景适用加严义务：低龄儿童、体育、游泳、住宿制营地。
3. Venue and Physical Environment Safety | 场所与物理环境安全
Every teaching space is expected to hold a valid use permit for educational activity and to pass a premises check covering structure, electrical systems and sanitation. Rooms used for teaching minors should not be located in industrial units, unventilated basements or premises shared with hazardous operations.
每个教学场所预计都需持有有效的教育用途许可，并通过涵盖建筑结构、电气系统和卫生条件的场所检查。用于未成年人教学的房间，不应设在工业厂房、通风不良的地下室，或与危险作业共用的场所内。
Ventilation, lighting and temperature are not luxury items. Poor air exchange increases transmission of respiratory illness and reduces concentration; inadequate lighting strains vision; excessive heat raises the risk of fainting during physical activity.
通风、照明与温度并非"享受型"条件。换气不足会提高呼吸道疾病传播风险并降低专注度；照明不足会造成视觉疲劳；温度过高则在体育活动时增加晕厥风险。
Physical hazards must be actively managed rather than merely noted. That means corner guards on sharp edges, safety film or tempered glass on low windows, stair gates for early-years areas, secured shelving, and cable management that removes trip hazards from walkways.
物理隐患必须被主动治理，而不是仅仅"记录在案"。这意味着尖锐边角需加装防撞条，低窗需贴防爆膜或使用钢化玻璃，低龄区域需设楼梯护栏，置物架需固定，线缆需收纳以消除通道绊倒风险。
Occupancy limits should be posted visibly and enforced. A simple capacity check is:
Occupancy limit = usable floor area ÷ minimum area per learner
容纳人数上限应张贴在显眼处并严格执行。一个简明的容量核算方式是：
容纳上限 = 可用使用面积 ÷ 每名学员最低占用面积
4. Fire Safety, Evacuation and Emergency Drills | 消防、疏散与应急演练
Fire safety is the single most frequently cited failure in inspection reports. Required elements include at least two independent escape routes where feasible, unobstructed corridors, clearly marked exits, working alarms, and extinguishers serviced within their validity period.
消防安全是检查报告中最常被点出的问题。基本要求包括：在条件允许时至少两条独立疏散通道、通道不得堵塞、出口标识清晰、报警装置可正常使用、灭火器在有效检定期内。
Drills must be practised, not merely planned. A workable standard is one full evacuation drill per term, with a written record of the time taken and the issues observed. Young children need rehearsal because they cannot be expected to read signage under stress.
演练必须真正开展，而非只停留在预案上。可执行的标准是每学期至少一次完整疏散演练，并书面记录用时与发现的问题。低龄儿童尤其需要反复演练，因为不能指望他们在紧张状态下读懂指示标识。
Emergency equipment should include a stocked first-aid kit, an automated external defibrillator in larger centres, a fire blanket in kitchens or science rooms, and a written emergency contact card for every learner. Staff must know where these items are without searching.
应急设备应包括配备齐全的急救箱、较大型机构配置的自动体外除颤器、厨房或科学教室的灭火毯，以及每名学员的书面紧急联系人卡。员工必须无需寻找就能说出这些物品的位置。
A useful way to prioritise is a simple risk score:
Risk score = likelihood × severity
一个实用的优先级排序方式是简单的风险评分：
风险分值 = 发生可能性 × 后果严重度
5. Staff Vetting, Training and Child Protection | 人员核验、培训与未成年人保护
Every adult with unsupervised access to minors should be subject to identity verification, criminal record checks where legally available, qualification checks for the subject taught, and at least two reference contacts verified directly rather than read from a supplied letter.
每一位可能单独接触未成年人的成年人，都应接受身份核验、在法律允许范围内的犯罪记录查询、所授学科的资质核验，以及至少两位推荐人的直接核实，而不是仅凭对方提供的推荐信。
Vetting is a starting point, not a finish line. Safeguarding training should be mandatory before a tutor's first class and refreshed annually, covering recognition of abuse indicators, appropriate physical contact, digital communication boundaries, and how to report a concern without fear of reprisal.
背景核验只是起点，而非终点。未成年人保护培训应在首次授课前完成，并每年复训，内容包括：识别侵害迹象、恰当的身体接触边界、线上沟通界限，以及如何在不必担心报复的情况下上报疑虑。
The most protective operational rule is the two-adult principle: no learner should be alone with one adult behind a closed door. Where one-to-one teaching is unavoidable, it should occur in a room with a viewing panel, an open door, or a recorded line of sight.
最具保护性的操作规则是"双成年人在场"原则：不应有任何学员与一名成年人单独处于关门的空间。若一对一是必需的，应在有观察窗、开门状态或视线可及的教室内进行。
- Digital boundaries: staff use official channels only, no private messaging with minors — 线上边界：员工只使用官方渠道，不得与未成年人私下通讯。
- Physical contact: restricted to what is necessary, proportionate and age-appropriate — 身体接触：限于必要、适度且符合年龄特点的范围。
- Reporting: at least one named safeguarding lead and an anonymous route — 上报机制：至少一名明确的保护负责人，并设有匿名渠道。
- Records: incidents logged, retained, and available for inspection — 记录管理：事件须登记、留存并可供检查。
6. Class Size and Supervision Ratios | 班额与看护配比
Ratio requirements are expected to be a headline feature of the standards because they translate directly into the level of attention each child receives. Ratios should tighten as learner age falls and as activity risk rises.
看护配比预计会成为准则的核心亮点，因为它直接决定了每个孩子能获得多少关注。随着学员年龄降低、活动风险上升，配比要求应相应收紧。
The staffing requirement can be expressed simply. If R is the required ratio of adults to learners and L is the number of learners, then the minimum number of supervising adults is:
Minimum adults = (L ÷ R) rounded up, plus one designated lead
用工人数要求可以用简单方式表达。若 R 为要求的成人对学员配比，L 为学员人数，则最低看护成人数为：
最低看护成人数 = (L ÷ R) 向上取整 + 1 名现场负责人
| Age band | 年龄段 | Indoor ratio | 室内配比 | Sport or water | 体育或水上 | Notes | 说明 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Under 6 | 6 岁以下 | 1 : 6 | 1 : 4 | Minimum two adults present | 现场至少两名成人 |
| 6 to 9 | 6 至 9 岁 | 1 : 10 | 1 : 6 | Headcount before and after | 课前课后各点一次人数 |
| 10 to 13 | 10 至 13 岁 | 1 : 15 | 1 : 8 | Named supervisor per group | 每组指定一名负责人 |
| 14 and over | 14 岁及以上 | 1 : 20 | 1 : 12 | Adult on site at all times | 全程有成人在场 |
Learners with additional needs, medical conditions or mobility requirements should be counted with an adjustment factor, meaning a smaller effective group or an additional trained adult. Parents are entitled to ask how this is calculated for their child.
有特殊教育需要、疾病或行动不便的学员应按调整系数计算，即实际小组规模更小，或增加一名受过培训的成人。家长有权询问机构针对自己孩子的具体核算方式。
7. Health, Hygiene, Food and Medical Readiness | 卫生、餐饮与医疗应急准备
Hand-washing facilities, drinking water and clean toilets are minimum requirements. High-touch surfaces, shared equipment and sports mats should be cleaned on a documented schedule, since shared equipment is a common transmission route for skin and respiratory infections.
洗手设施、饮用水和清洁的卫生间是最低要求。高频接触表面、共用器材和运动垫应按有记录的周期清洁，因为共用器材是皮肤与呼吸道感染的常见传播途径。
Where food is provided, allergen management becomes a safety-critical process rather than an administrative one. Menus should be displayed with allergen labels, staff should be trained to recognise anaphylaxis, and emergency medication must be stored accessibly but securely.
若机构提供餐食，过敏原管理就成为安全关键流程，而非行政事务。菜单应标注过敏原，员工应接受识别严重过敏反应的培训，急救药物应存放于既便于取用又安全的位置。
Medication policy should be written and signed by the parent, specifying dose, timing, storage and who may administer. Staff should not improvise. A short air-quality indicator used in many indoor settings is:
Air changes per hour = air supplied per hour ÷ room volume
用药政策应以书面形式制定并由家长签署，明确剂量、时间、存放方式及可给药人员。员工不应临时自行决定。许多室内场所采用的简易空气质量指标为：
每小时换气次数 = 每小时送风量 ÷ 房间体积
Providers should also publish a clear sick-day policy. A child with a fever, vomiting or a contagious rash should stay home, and fees should not be the reason a family sends a sick child to class.
机构还应公布明确的病假政策。发烧、呕吐或患有传染性皮疹的儿童应留在家中，且费用不应成为家庭把生病孩子送去上课的理由。
8. Online and Blended Learning Safety | 线上与混合教学安全
Online provision is expected to face parallel duties rather than lighter ones. Because a screen removes physical proximity, the risks shift towards privacy, data protection, unmonitored contact and unsuitable content.
线上课程预计将承担与线下同等而非更轻的义务。因为屏幕消除了物理邻近性，风险会转向隐私、数据保护、无人监控的接触以及不适宜内容。
Session recording should require informed consent from the parent or guardian, and recordings involving minors should be stored securely, with a defined retention period and deletion date. Recordings must never be reused for marketing without separate written permission.
课堂录制应取得家长或监护人的知情同意；涉及未成年人的录像应安全存储，并设定明确的保存期限与删除日期。未经另行书面许可，录像绝不能用于营销。
Platforms should include moderated chat, the ability to remove a participant, and a waiting room so that no learner enters an unsupervised session early. Tutors should use official accounts only, so that all communication remains auditable.
平台应具备受监管的聊天功能、移除参与者权限以及等待室机制，以避免学员过早进入无人看管的课堂。教师应仅使用官方账号，使所有沟通均可追溯。
- Data minimisation: collect only what the class requires — 数据最小化：只收集课程所必需的信息。
- Camera etiquette: no requirement to show a bedroom or private space — 摄像头礼仪：不得要求展示卧室或私人空间。
- Screen time: age-appropriate limits with breaks built into the timetable — 屏幕时间：按年龄设限，并在课表中安排休息。
- Reporting: a visible one-click route to report uncomfortable contact — 举报机制：提供醒目的一键举报不适接触渠道。
9. Transport, Pick-Up and Drop-Off Safeguards | 接送与交通环节安全
A surprising share of safeguarding incidents occurs at the beginning and end of a session, when supervision is loosest. The draft standards are expected to require a named authorised collector list for every learner below a defined age.
相当比例的未成年人保护事件发生在课程开始与结束时，这正是看护最松懈的时段。准则草案预计会要求：凡低于规定年龄的学员，必须登记指定接送人名单。
Release procedures should be explicit. Staff should verify identity for anyone not on the list, never release a young child to an unknown adult on verbal instruction, and log the time of every handover for early-years groups.
交接流程应明确。对不在名单上的人员，员工应核验身份；不得仅凭口头说明将低龄儿童交给陌生人；低龄组别应记录每次交接时间。
Where the provider runs its own transport, vehicles need valid inspection, seat belts for every occupant, a trained escort where young children travel, and a documented headcount before the vehicle moves and after it stops.
若机构自营交通，车辆须通过有效检验，每个座位配备安全带，运送低龄儿童时安排受过培训的随车人员，并在车辆启动前与停车后进行有记录的人数清点。
A late pick-up protocol protects both child and staff. It should specify supervision arrangements, contact escalation steps, a waiting period before authorities are involved, and how the incident is recorded.
迟接预案同时保护儿童与员工。应明确看护安排、联系升级步骤、涉及主管部门前的等待时长，以及事件记录方式。
10. Contracts, Fees, Refunds and Insurance | 合同、收费、退费与保险
Safety and money are not separate topics. Families under financial pressure are more likely to tolerate poor conditions, and unclear refund rules make it harder to leave an unsafe provider. Transparency is therefore treated as a safeguarding measure.
安全与金钱并非两回事。承受经济压力的家庭更容易容忍糟糕的教学条件，而退费规则不清则让家长更难离开不安全的机构。因此，透明度被视为一项保护性措施。
Written agreements should state the course content, hours, teaching location, maximum class size, the named safeguarding lead, the complaints route and the refund formula. Verbal promises made at enrolment should be recorded in the contract to be enforceable.
书面协议应载明课程内容、课时、授课地点、最高班额、未成年人保护负责人、投诉渠道以及退费计算方式。报名时的口头承诺应写入合同才具可执行性。
The refund formula itself should be simple enough for a parent to check:
Refund = fees paid − (completed hours × hourly rate) − agreed administrative fee
退费公式本身应简单到家长可以自行核算：
退费金额 = 已缴费用 − (已完成课时 × 课时单价) − 约定的管理费
Providers should carry public liability insurance and, for sports or high-risk activities, additional accident cover. Parents are entitled to ask for the certificate, the policy number and the expiry date.
机构应投保公众责任险；体育或高风险活动还应加投意外险。家长有权索取保单证明、保单编号和到期日。
11. Complaints, Inspection and Enforcement | 投诉、检查与执法
Standards without enforcement are decorative. The draft framework is expected to create a public register of compliant providers, a routine inspection cycle, and unannounced spot checks triggered by complaints or incident reports.
没有执法的标准只是装饰。准则草案预计将建立合规机构公开名录、常规检查周期，以及因投诉或事件报告而触发的突击抽查。
Complaint channels must be accessible to parents and, where age-appropriate, to learners themselves. A reasonable expectation is written acknowledgement within a short fixed period, a substantive response within a longer fixed period, and a documented outcome that the complainant can see.
投诉渠道必须对家长开放，并在符合年龄特点时对学员本人开放。合理预期是：在较短的固定期限内书面确认受理，在较长的固定期限内给出实质答复，并向投诉人提供可见的书面处理结果。
Escalating penalties are expected, ranging from warnings and mandatory rectification orders to fines, suspension of enrolment and, in serious cases, permanent disqualification. A provider that conceals a serious incident should face a heavier penalty than one that self-reports it.
处罚预计采取递进方式：从警告、限期整改通知，到罚款、暂停招生，情节严重者永久取消资质。隐瞒严重事件的机构，应比主动上报的机构承担更重的责任。
A composite compliance score allows regulators and parents to compare providers:
Compliance score = (items passed ÷ items audited) × 100%
综合合规评分可让监管方与家长比较不同机构：
合规评分 = (通过项目数 ÷ 检查项目总数) × 100%
12. Parent Checklist: Practical Guidance Before You Enrol | 家长指引：报名前后的实用清单
Most safety problems are visible within fifteen minutes of an unannounced visit. The practical advice for parents is to arrive early, walk the whole route your child will use, and trust what you observe rather than what the brochure claims.
大多数安全问题，在未预约的一次探访中，十五分钟内就能看出来。给家长的实用建议是：提早到场，走一遍孩子会经过的完整路线，并相信你自己的观察，而不是宣传册上的说法。
- Licence and registration displayed on site — 现场公示的办学许可与备案信息
- Fire exits unlocked, unobstructed and clearly signed — 消防通道可开、无堵塞、标识清晰
- First-aid kit stocked and its location known by staff — 急救箱配备齐全且员工知晓位置
- Class size matches the ratio for your child's age — 实际班额符合孩子的年龄段配比
- A named safeguarding lead with a contact number — 有明确的未成年人保护负责人及其联系方式
- Written contract with class size, hours and refund rules — 书面合同写明班额、课时与退费规则
- Insurance certificate available on request — 可应要求出示保险凭证
- Authorised pick-up list in place for younger children — 低龄儿童已建立指定接送人名单
Certain warning signs justify removing a child immediately rather than negotiating. Do not wait for a second incident if you see any of the following.
某些警示信号意味着应立即让孩子退出，而不是继续协商。若出现以下情况，不要等待第二次事件。
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