📚 How Progress 8 and Attainment 8 Assess Schools in England | 英国中学问责指标：进步8与成绩8如何评估学校
Progress 8 and Attainment 8 are the two headline accountability measures used in England to judge secondary schools at Key Stage 4. Attainment 8 asks a simple question: how well did pupils score across eight approved qualifications? Progress 8 asks a harder and more controversial question: how much did the school actually add, once the prior attainment of its intake is taken into account? Together they replaced the old "5 A*-C including English and maths" threshold in 2016 and now sit at the centre of how schools, trusts, Ofsted and the Department for Education talk about performance.
进步8（Progress 8）与成绩8（Attainment 8）是英格兰用来评判中学关键阶段4（KS4）表现的两项核心问责指标。成绩8回答一个简单问题：学生在八门被认可的资格证书上考了多少分？进步8则回答一个更复杂、也更具争议的问题：在扣除生源原有学业水平之后，学校究竟带来了多少"增值"？这两项指标于2016年取代了旧的"英语与数学在内的5门A*-C"阈值指标，如今已成为学校、多学院信托、教育标准局（Ofsted）与教育部讨论办学成效时的核心语言。
1. What Are Progress 8 and Attainment 8? | 进步8和成绩8是什么
Attainment 8 is a point score, not a grade. It is calculated by adding up the point values of a pupil's eight best approved qualifications, with English and mathematics counted twice. The maximum possible Attainment 8 score is 90 points. A school's published Attainment 8 figure is simply the mean score of all pupils at the end of Key Stage 4.
成绩8是一个分数值，而不是一个等级。它的计算方式是把学生八门最佳资格证书的分数相加，其中英语与数学各计双倍权重。成绩8的理论最高分为90分。学校对外公布的成绩8数值，就是该校所有KS4毕业学生成绩8得分的平均值。
Progress 8 is a value-added measure. Every pupil's Attainment 8 score is compared with the national average Attainment 8 score of pupils who had the same Key Stage 2 prior attainment. The difference is the pupil's progress score. A school's Progress 8 is the average of those individual progress scores.
进步8是一种增值指标。每名学生的成绩8得分，都会与全国范围内"关键阶段2（KS2）原有水平相同"的学生的平均成绩8进行比较，两者之差
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