📚 Which GCSE Subjects Count Towards the EBacc? | GCSE选科哪些科目计入英国文凭EBacc成绩
The English Baccalaureate - usually shortened to EBacc - is one of the most misunderstood terms in English secondary education. It is not a qualification, not an exam board and not a certificate you receive on results day. It is a school performance measure built from five specific GCSE pillars, and knowing exactly which subjects fill those pillars is essential when you choose your GCSE options in Year 9.
英国文凭 EBacc（English Baccalaureate）是英格兰中学教育里最容易被误解的概念之一。它不是一个资格证书，也不属于任何考试局，更不会在放榜日发给你一张证书。它是一项基于五个特定 GCSE 学科支柱的学校绩效衡量指标。因此在 Year 9 选课时，弄清楚哪些科目能填进这五个支柱，非常关键。
1. What the EBacc Actually Is | EBacc究竟是什么
The EBacc was introduced in 2010 and has been published in school performance tables in England ever since. It measures how many pupils in a school take - and achieve good grades in - a core set of academic GCSEs: English, mathematics, science, a language, and history or geography. Schools are judged on the proportion of pupils who enter the combination and the proportion who achieve it.
EBacc 于 2010 年推出，此后一直出现在英格兰的学校绩效表中。它衡量一所学校有多少学生修读、并在"核心学术型 GCSE 组合"中取得好成绩：英语、数学、科学、一门语言、以及历史或地理。政府会用两组数据评价学校：进入该组合的学生比例，以及达到标准的学生比例。
Crucially, the EBacc is not compulsory for individual pupils. No law forces you to take it. However, because schools are held accountable for EBacc entry rates, many schools design their option blocks and timetables so that the EBacc pathway is easy to follow - and some schools strongly encourage, or effectively steer, pupils towards it.
关键在于，EBacc 对个人并不具强制性，没有任何法律规定你必须选它。但由于学校需要为 EBacc 的参与率负责，许多学校会通过选课分组（option blocks）和课表设计，让 EBacc 路线变得容易走通；也有学校会大力鼓励，甚至实质上引导大多数学生选择它。
The government has set an ambition for the great majority of pupils in England - around 90% - to study the EBacc combination. In reality, entry has stayed at roughly four in ten pupils in recent years, so the policy debate around the EBacc is still very much alive.
政府设定的目标是让英格兰绝大多数学生（约 90%）修读 EBacc 组合。但现实中，近年参与率一直维持在四成左右，因此围绕 EBacc 的政策讨论至今仍在持续。
2. The Five EBacc Pillars at a Glance | 五大支柱一览
The EBacc is built on five pillars. To count as "achieving the EBacc", a pupil normally needs a grade 5 or above in each of the five areas below. The table shows the pillars and the GCSEs that normally fill them.
EBacc 由五个支柱构成。要算作"达成 EBacc"，学生通常需要在以下五个领域各取得 5 分或以上。下表列出各支柱及通常可以填入的 GCSE 科目。
| Pillar 支柱 | Typical GCSEs that count 通常可计入的 GCSE |
| English 英语 | English Language (essential); English Literature (also counts) 英语语言（必需）；英国文学（同样计入） |
| Mathematics 数学 | GCSE Mathematics 数学 |
| Science 科学 | Combined Science (2 GCSEs), Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Computer Science 综合科学（算 2 门）、生物、化学、物理、计算机科学 |
| Language 语言 | French, Spanish, German, Mandarin, Arabic, Urdu, Latin, Classical Greek and other approved languages 法语、西班牙语、德语、中文、阿拉伯语、乌尔都语、拉丁语、古典希腊语等获批语言 |
| Humanities 人文 | History or Geography 历史或地理 |
A pupil who takes all five areas and reaches the required grades in each one "achieves the EBacc". A pupil who takes, say, English, maths, Combined Science, History and no language has entered most of the combination but cannot achieve it.
如果学生五个领域全部修读并在每一门达到要求成绩，就算"达成 EBacc"。反之，如果学生修了英语、数学、综合科学、历史，但没有语言，那么他虽然修了组合中的大部分科目，却无法达成 EBacc。
3. English: What Counts | 英语：哪些科目计入
English Language is the cornerstone of the English pillar, and it is compulsory for all pupils in England anyway. English Literature, where taken, also counts towards the EBacc English element and adds a second English slot to the average point score calculation.
英语语言（English Language）是英语支柱的基石，而且它本来就是英格兰所有学生的必修科目。若学生额外选修英国文学（English Literature），它同样计入 EBacc 的英语部分，并在平均分计算中增加一个英语科目名额。
Note what does not count here: GCSE English as a Second Language, Functional Skills English, Entry Level English, and vocational English qualifications do not fill the English pillar. If English is your second language, the standard GCSE English Language is still the qualification you need.
要注意哪些不算：作为第二语言的英语 GCSE、Functional Skills English、Entry Level English 以及职业类英语资历，都不能充当英语支柱。即使英语是你的第二语言，需要拿的仍然是标准的 GCSE English Language。
4. Mathematics: What Counts | 数学：哪些科目计入
The mathematics pillar is the simplest of the five. GCSE Mathematics fills it. Nothing else substitutes for it: GCSE Statistics, Level 2 Further Maths, Functional Skills Mathematics and vocational numeracy qualifications do not replace GCSE Mathematics for EBacc purposes.
数学支柱是五个支柱中最简单的：GCSE 数学即可填满它。其他科目无法替代:GCSE 统计、Level 2 Further Maths、Functional Skills 数学以及职业类数学资历，都不能取代 GCSE 数学在 EBacc 中的地位。
Because mathematics is compulsory until age 16 in England, every pupil automatically has one EBacc pillar covered. Statistics or Further Maths can still be valuable subjects in their own right - they simply live outside the EBacc maths pillar, usually in the "open" bucket of Progress 8. If you take GCSE Maths early, the grade still counts.
由于数学在英格兰 16 岁前是必修，每位学生自动覆盖一个 EBacc 支柱。统计或进阶数学本身仍有价值，只是它们在 EBacc 的数学支柱之外，通常归入 Progress 8 的"开放科目"部分。如果你提前一年考完 GCSE 数学，该成绩依然有效。
5. Sciences: Combined, Triple and Computer Science | 科学：综合科学、三科科学与计算机科学
The science pillar requires at least two science GCSEs. Pupils typically take either Combined Science (a double award worth two GCSEs) or three separate sciences - Biology, Chemistry and Physics - often called Triple Science. Both routes satisfy the EBacc science element.
科学支柱至少需要两门科学 GCSE。学生通常选择综合科学（Combined Science，双奖，相当于两门 GCSE），或者生物、化学、物理三科分开的"三科科学"（Triple Science）。两条路径都能满足 EBacc 的科学要求。
Computer Science is also accepted as a science subject for the EBacc. This means a pupil taking Combined Science plus Computer Science can fill three science slots in the average point score measure. Note that ICT, BTEC Applied Science and Cambridge Nationals in Science do not count.
计算机科学同样被认可为 EBacc 的科学科目。也就是说，修读综合科学加计算机科学的学生，在平均分计算中可以填满三个科学名额。需要注意，ICT、BTEC 应用科学以及 Cambridge Nationals 科学类资历都不计入。
The formula below shows the science requirement in a simple way:
e = 2 science GCSEs minimum = Combined Science (2) OR any 2 of Biology, Chemistry, Physics
Triple Science is not required for the EBacc, and choosing Combined Science does not put you at any EBacc disadvantage. Triple Science is usually chosen because of A-level and university ambitions in science, not because the EBacc demands it.
EBacc 并不要求三科科学，选择综合科学在 EBacc 上也不吃亏。学生选三科科学，通常是出于 A-level 和大学理工方向的需要，而不是 EBacc 的规定。
6. Languages: Modern and Ancient | 语言：现代语言与古典语言
The language pillar can be filled by a GCSE in an approved modern foreign language or an ancient language. Common examples include French, Spanish, German, Italian, Mandarin Chinese, Arabic, Urdu, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Japanese, Bengali, Punjabi, Turkish, Latin, Classical Greek and Biblical Hebrew.
语言支柱可以由一门获批的现代外语或古典语言的 GCSE 来填满。常见例子包括法语、西班牙语、德语、意大利语、中文、阿拉伯语、乌尔都语、波兰语、葡萄牙语、俄语、日语、孟加拉语、旁遮普语、土耳其语、拉丁语、古典希腊语和圣经希伯来语。
Community and heritage language GCSEs count, which is good news for bilingual pupils. Two languages can fill two language slots in the average point score measure, which is a common strategy for pupils who are already fluent in another language at home.
社区语言与传承语言（heritage language）的 GCSE 也计入，这对双语学生是好消息。若修读两门语言，可在平均分计算中填两个语言名额，这对家中已使用另一门语言的学生来说是常见策略。
What does not count: English Language, English Literature, GCSE English as a Second Language, and short-course or entry-level language qualifications. A GCSE in a language must be a full GCSE in an approved subject to count.
不计入的包括:英语语言、英国文学、作为第二语言的英语 GCSE，以及短期课程或入门级语言资历。语言 GCSE 必须是获批科目的完整 GCSE 才算数。
7. Humanities: History or Geography Only | 人文：仅限历史或地理
The humanities pillar is narrower than most pupils expect. It is History or Geography - one is enough, and taking both fills two humanities slots. No other subject fills this pillar.
人文支柱比大多数学生想象的要窄：它只认历史或地理。选一门就足够，两门都选则可填两个名额。其他任何科目都无法填入这一支柱。
This is where the biggest misconception lies. Religious Studies (RS or RE) is often described by schools as a "humanities" subject and may sit in a humanities option block, but RS does not count towards the EBacc humanities pillar. Citizenship Studies, Sociology, Psychology and Classical Civilisation also do not count.
这里存在最大的误解。宗教研究（RS 或 RE）常被学校归入"人文学科"并在人文选课组中出现，但它不计入 EBacc 的人文支柱。公民研究、社会学、心理学和古典文明同样不计入。
If you enjoy RS, take it - it is a respected academic subject and a strong preparation for essay-based A-levels. Just be clear that it does not help you achieve the EBacc, and that you would still need History or Geography alongside it.
如果你喜欢宗教研究，就去选它——它是一门受尊重的学术科目，对论文类 A-level 很有帮助。
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