课后班与补习班 安全保障 注册核查 DBS | After-School Clubs and Tutoring: Safeguarding, Registration Checks, DBS

课后班与补习班 安全保障 注册核查 DBS

给孩子报课后班或补习班，家长最先看的往往是老师经验、班型大小和价格。真正决定孩子是否安全的，是这家机构有没有按规定注册、员工有没有做过适配性检查、出了问题由谁负责。英国教育部把这类机构统称为 out-of-school settings，写给家长的指引从 2020 年 10 月 21 日首发，最近一次更新是 2026 年 2 月 6 日。下面按报名前能核实的顺序，把该问的问题与该看的文件拆开讲，每一项都标出官方出处。

When parents sign a child up for an after-school club or a tutor, the first questions are usually about experience, class size and price. The more useful questions are about registration, staff suitability checks and who is accountable when something goes wrong. The Department for Education calls these providers out-of-school settings, and its guidance for parents was first published on 21 October 2020 and last updated on 6 February 2026.

哪些机构算课后班与补习班

官方口径把 out-of-school settings 定义为在没有家长或照护人监督的情况下，向儿童提供教学、培训、指导或活动的场所。它包括课前课后托管、假期营、学业补习、音乐课、体育训练和青少年社团，也包括以语言、文化或宗教为目的的补充学校。它不包括普通学校、学院与 16 至 19 岁学院，也不包括照顾 8 岁以下儿童并已在 Ofsted 或育儿机构代理处注册的机构。家长开口问的第一句可以很简单：你们属于哪一类。很多学生以为只要挂了补习的字样，注册要求就一样，实际差别很大。常见的错误是只看招牌和地段，不看这家机构在法律上归谁管。

Official guidance defines an out-of-school setting as a place that provides tuition, training, instruction or activities to children without their parents or carers present. It covers before and after-school clubs, holiday camps, private tuition, music lessons, sports coaching, youth groups and supplementary schools run for language, cultural or religious reasons. Schools, colleges, 16 to 19 academies and registered childcare for under-8s sit outside that definition, so a sensible first question is which category a provider falls into.

8 岁以下的 2 小时门槛与两本登记册

照顾 8 岁以下儿童、单个孩子每天超过 2 小时，通常必须向 Ofsted 注册。这类注册分两本：早期教育登记册覆盖从出生到 5 岁生日后那个 8 月 31 日，普通育儿登记册的强制部分覆盖从 5 岁生日后 9 月 1 日到 8 岁生日。课前课后托管是 2 小时门槛唯一的例外情形，放学后的托管常按这个例外处理。普通育儿登记册另有一个自愿部分，8 岁以上或其他免注册情形可以选择加入。自愿加入的实际好处是家长能用税收支持的育儿费用政策，机构也愿意用注册编号证明自己。很多学生以为托管时间短就不用注册，实际判据是单个孩子每天超过 2 小时这一条。常见的错误是报名时只问几点接孩子，不问对方在哪本登记册上。

A provider looking after children under 8 for more than 2 hours a day normally has to register with Ofsted. Two registers are involved: the Early Years Register for children from birth to the 31 August after their fifth birthday, and the compulsory part of the Childcare Register from the September after that birthday up to the eighth birthday, with a voluntary part for older children and for settings that are exempt but choose to register anyway. Before and after-school care is the single exception to the 2-hour rule, which is why wraparound clubs sit in a different position from a Saturday tuition centre.

补习与兴趣班常见的免注册情形

对 3 岁以上的儿童，只提供一到两类下列活动时不需要注册：学业辅导或作业支持、体育、表演艺术、手工艺，以及宗教、文化或语言学习。这条豁免有几个边界，家长容易忽略。同时做两类以上活动，豁免就不再适用。当天有 5 岁以下儿童参加且总时长超过 4 小时，豁免同样不适用。纯线上的教学或辅导不能注册，因为注册要求照护者在现场。换句话说，一位每周上门两次的数学老师通常不在注册范围内，一家白天托管加补习的综合机构往往要注册。很多学生以为补课机构都由 Ofsted 监管，实际上大多数针对性辅导并不属于注册范围。

For children aged 3 and over, registration is not required if a provider offers only one or two of a set list of activities: school study or homework support, sports, performing arts, arts and crafts, or religious, cultural and language studies. That exemption falls away as soon as the setting runs more than two of those activities, or where children under 5 attend for more than 4 hours in any one day, and online tuition cannot be registered at all because the rules require children to be cared for in person. In practice a weekly maths tutor usually sits outside registration, while a centre mixing daytime care with tuition often does not.

怎样核实机构是否已经注册

Ofsted 的登记册可以在 gov.uk 上按机构名称或地址查询，注册编号应当能对上机构全称与场所地址。查不到时先确认三件事：机构的法律名称、实际提供照护的地址、以及注册的是哪一本登记册。如果一家机构为 5 岁以上儿童提供全日制教育，它可能已经构成独立学校的定义，需要按学校注册。依 1996 年教育法第 463 条，未注册而开办独立学校属于刑事犯罪，可判无上限罚款与最长 6 个月监禁。家长不必自己去判断法律分类，但可以要求对方书面说明注册状态。常见的错误是把营业执照当注册证明，两者不是一回事。这一步最容易在假期营和临时班型上被跳过。

Ofsted's register can be searched on gov.uk by provider name or address, and a registration number should match both the legal name and the premises where care actually happens. Where a setting provides full-time education to children over 5 it may fall within the legal definition of an independent school and need to register as one, and running an unregistered independent school is a criminal offence under section 463 of the Education Act 1996, carrying an unlimited fine and up to 6 months in prison. Parents do not have to work out the legal category themselves, but asking for the registration status in writing is a reasonable first step.

员工与志愿者适配性检查有哪几种

英国的身份与适格性检查由 DBS 承担，分三个层级。基本检查只看有无未撤销的定罪记录。标准检查还会包含已警告与警告记录。加强版检查在此基础上加入警方认为相关的其他信息，只有属于受监管活动的岗位才能申请带儿童禁制名单信息的加强版。家长可以问的是：这份岗位上的人在做哪一层级的检查，检查是否还在有效期内。很多学生以为机构里每个人都做过同一种检查，实际层级随岗位职责变化。常见的错误是接受一句我们都查过了，而不问查的是哪一层。

Disclosure and Barring Service checks come in three levels, starting with a basic check that shows unspent convictions and moving up through standard and enhanced checks. An enhanced check with children's barred list information is available only for roles that meet the legal definition of regulated activity, which is why the level of check depends on what a person actually does rather than on the job title. A fair question to put to a provider is which level of check applies to the adults in the room, and when those checks were last carried out.

2026 年 9 月 1 日起 DBS 规则的变化

从 2026 年 9 月 1 日起，英格兰取消了受监管活动定义中的受监督例外。过去，一位在教师照看下带学生读书的志愿者可能因为受到监督而不算受监管活动。现在判断依据变成频次与过夜情形：在任何 30 天内有超过 3 天从事教学、培训、指导、照护或看管儿童，或有一次过夜，就属于受监管活动。符合条件的人因此可以申请含儿童禁制名单信息的加强版检查。这条变化由《2026 年犯罪与警务法》带来，DBS 在官方说明里点了学校、育儿机构、青少年体育俱乐部、青少年团体、慈善机构和户外活动中心。写给家长的指引也在 2026 年 2 月 6 日更新了 DBS 一节，加入含禁制名单的加强版检查说明。很多学生以为志愿者不在检查范围内，实际受影响最大的正是志愿者与自雇教练。

From 1 September 2026 the supervision exemption is removed from the legal definition of regulated activity with children in England. Previously a volunteer reading with pupils under a teacher's close watch could sit outside regulated activity, but from that date the test turns on frequency instead: teaching, training, instructing, caring for or supervising children on more than 3 days in any 30-day period, or overnight, now counts even when somebody else is supervising. The change comes from the Crime and Policing Act 2026, and the parents' guide was updated on 6 February 2026 to explain enhanced checks with barred list information.

受监管活动与信任职位入罪

受监管活动的核心是教学、培训、指导、照护与看管儿童这几类行为。2022 年的受监管活动修订条例把未受监督的教学、训练、指导与看管写进定义，并给出频次门槛：30 天内超过 3 次，或凌晨 2 点到 6 点之间的过夜照护。信任职位入罪自 2022 年 6 月 28 日起适用，把教练、私教、宗教活动带领者这类与儿童经常接触的成年人纳入同一套约束。判断某人是否受禁制，通常由雇主在招聘前完成，家长不需要自己查禁制名单。家长能做的是确认机构是否对所有与孩子单独相处过的成年人都做过检查。这一步最容易在临时替换老师的时候漏掉。

Regulated activity turns on a small set of behaviours: teaching, training, instructing, caring for and supervising children. Regulations made in 2022 wrote unsupervised teaching, training, instruction and supervision into that definition and set a frequency test of more than 3 sessions in 30 days or overnight care between 2am and 6am, while the positions of trust offence has covered coaches, tutors and activity leaders since 28 June 2022. Employers are expected to check barred list status before hiring, so the question worth asking is whether every adult who has been alone with the children was checked.

机构该拿得出的三类文件

提供方指引把机构应有的政策分成四块：健康与安全、安全保障与儿童保护、员工与志愿者适配性，以及治理。安全保障与儿童保护这一块里包含线上与数字安全。家长可以要求看到的不是一份厚文件，而是三件具体的东西：指定的保护负责人是谁、员工发现担忧时向谁报告、家长自己遇到问题时走哪条通道。指引也要求机构把举报路径告诉孩子，让孩子知道可以直接说出来。如果一家机构说不出保护负责人的姓名与联系方式，就很难证明它有一套能用的流程。很多学生以为机构有营业执照就说明管理到位，实际政策与流程是分开的两回事。常见的错误是只在报名时问一次，之后整年不再确认。

Safeguarding guidance for providers covers four areas: health and safety, safeguarding and child protection, safe and suitable people, and governance, with online and digital safety sitting inside the safeguarding section. What parents can reasonably ask for is not a thick document but three concrete things: the name of the designated safeguarding lead, the route a member of staff takes when they have a concern, and the route a parent uses when they have one. Guidance also expects providers to tell children how to raise a concern themselves, and a setting that cannot name a safeguarding lead is unlikely to have a working process.

线上课的核查要点

提供方指引在 2025 年 5 月 29 日加入了网课相关内容。教育部同日上线一套免费线上课程，共 6 个模块，全部完成约一小时，通过末尾小测会拿到电子证书。家长可以问机构里哪些人上过这套课，也可以问线上课的账号与密码怎么管理。教育部的远程教育指引要求把员工行为准则延伸到线上，包括中性背景、受控的麦克风与摄像头设置，以及课堂密码不外传。一对一或牧养性质的谈话通常要经过高层领导批准并做风险评估。可以确认的几件事包括：是否默认录课、录课保存多久、谁能看。很多学生以为线上课不存在人身安全风险，实际风险集中在私下联系与影像保存上。

The providers' guidance added material on online settings on 29 May 2025, alongside a free e-learning course of 6 modules that takes about an hour and ends with a short test and a digital certificate. Remote education guidance expects the staff code of conduct to apply online, with neutral backgrounds, controlled microphones and cameras, and protected meeting passwords; one-to-one pastoral conversations usually need senior approval and a risk assessment. Questions worth asking are whether sessions are recorded by default, how long recordings are kept and who can view them.

急救能力与到场离场安排

普通育儿登记册的要求里写明，在场照护儿童的人中至少有一位持有急救证书。这条要求只覆盖登记册上的机构，但它给出了一条通用判断：有没有人在紧急情况里能立刻处理。家长可以问三件事：现场有没有持证急救人员、急救箱放在哪里、发生意外后多久通知家长。到场与离场的安排同样要写清楚，尤其是谁能接走孩子。许多机构的做法是提前登记授权接送人名单，变更要书面确认。很多学生以为放学后自己走回家没有问题，实际是否放行由机构与家长事先约定。常见的错误是临时让亲戚去接，事后再补一句口头通知。

Requirements for the Childcare Register state that at least one person caring for the children on the premises must hold a first-aid certificate. That rule only binds registered settings, but it points to a general question worth asking anywhere: who can act immediately if something goes wrong. Asking about the first-aid trained adult on site, where the kit is kept, how quickly parents are contacted after an accident, and who is authorised to collect a child covers most of what parents need on this front.

遇到问题时可以找的几条线

机构内部的顺序通常是从带班老师到负责人，再到举办方的投诉程序。如果担忧涉及孩子的安全，地方当局设有专门处理这类事项的指定官员，学校与地方部门用的简称是 LADO。地方部门指引在 2026 年与提供方指引同步更新，其中引用的法律包括 2004 年消防与救援服务法、2011 年慈善法，以及预防极端主义的 Prevent 安排。国家级求助渠道里，NSPCC 的求助热线是 0808 800 5000。如果孩子正处于即时危险，直接拨 999。家长不必先判断责任归属，先让记录和通报发生更重要。这一步最容易因为担心麻烦而拖延。

Most concerns start inside the setting, moving from the class leader to the manager and then to the provider's complaints procedure. Where a worry touches a child's safety, local authorities have a designated officer for these matters, known in schools and councils as the LADO, and the local authority guidance updated in 2026 sits alongside the providers' guidance with references to the Fire and Rescue Services Act 2004, the Charities Act 2011 and Prevent duties. The NSPCC helpline is 0808 800 5000, and 999 applies whenever a child is in immediate danger.

2022 年多机构试点评估的结果

2022 年 11 月 24 日发布的多机构试点评估报告覆盖 16 个地方议会，历时 18 个月，投入 300 万英镑。其中 6 个地方在 2020 年 3 月延长了 18 个月。报告里有两项发现对家长有直接参考价值：约三分之一的转介达到了指定官员的处理门槛。提供方对培训与免费 DBS 检查的使用率偏低。这说明单有工具与经费，并不自动带来核查习惯的改变。地方当局协会随后提出了三项诉求，方向是让地方部门掌握更多介入手段。很多学生以为这类试点只影响机构，实际它决定了家长能不能查到可靠的核查信息。

An evaluation of the multi-agency pilot was published on 24 November 2022, covering 16 local authorities over 18 months with 3 million pounds of funding, extended in 6 of those areas in March 2020 for a further 18 months. Two findings matter to parents: about one third of referrals reached the threshold for the designated officer, and take-up of training and free DBS checks among providers was low. The lesson was that tools and money on their own do not change checking habits, which is why the local government association later set out three asks for stronger local powers.

2025 年证据征集与目前的进度

教育部在 2025 年 5 月 29 日中午启动证据征集，原定 8 月结束，后延长到 2025 年 9 月 21 日深夜。征集面向家长、儿童、提供方、地方部门与保障伙伴，重点是现状与未来选项。官方给出的三条可能路径是维持现状、引入注册要求，以及参与并取得认证。2026 年 2 月的议会答复说明仍在分析回复，并请外部独立分析人员参与，之后还会补做家长与小型提供方的访谈。南港调查第一阶段在 2026 年 7 月 2 日公布的政府回应里，接受了更新指引的建议，计划在 2026 年底完成。对家长来说，现在能依赖的仍是 2026 年 2 月前后更新的这两份指引。很多学生以为新规会立刻改变报名流程，实际现阶段还是家长自己核对为主。

The Department for Education opened a call for evidence at midday on 29 May 2025, extended the closing date to 21 September 2025, and asked parents, children, providers, local authorities and safeguarding partners about current practice and future options. Three possible routes were set out: leaving arrangements as they are, introducing registration, and a route where providers take part and gain accreditation. A written answer in February 2026 said the responses were still being analysed with external analysts, with follow-up interviews planned with parents and smaller providers, and the government response to phase one of the Southport Inquiry on 2 July 2026 accepted the recommendation to update the guidance by the end of 2026.

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