学校手机政策 全天禁用 例外 家校沟通
英国教育部（DfE）在 2026 年 1 月更新了《Mobile phones in schools》，这份指导在 2026 年 6 月 29 日成为法定指导，学校从 2026 年 9 月 1 日起按它执行。政策原文里有一句很直白的话：所有学校默认应该是无手机环境，例外只能是个案。对家长来说，变化不只在「学校管不管手机」，而在学校必须把政策讲清楚、把例外讲明白、把紧急联系方式讲到位。家长关心孩子放学路上怎么联系，学校关心课堂上不再被打断，这两件事可以在同一套政策里说清楚。下面按家长最常问的问题，把学校应该说明的内容逐条拆开。
England's Department for Education updated its mobile phones guidance in January 2026, and the document became statutory on 29 June 2026, with schools expected to follow it from 1 September 2026. The guidance is blunt about the default: all schools should be mobile phone-free environments, and anything else is meant to be an exception. For parents the practical question is not whether phones are banned but what the school has actually told them: the scope of the ban, the exceptions that exist, how sanctions work, and how to reach a child in an emergency.
政策从非强制建议变成法定义务的三个时间点
这份指导最早在 2024 年 2 月 19 日发布，当时只是非强制建议，学校可以自行决定做法。到 2026 年 1 月 19 日，教育部换上了修订版本，把原来的工具包替换成专门写给家长的沟通文件，并补充了学校案例。真正的转折发生在 2026 年 6 月 29 日，《Children's Wellbeing and Schools Act 2026》第 36 条当天生效，它把手机指导写进了《Education Act 1996》新的第 550C 条。条文要求校长或校产所有者（proprietor）在行使学校管理职能时，必须考虑国务大臣发布的手机指导。教育部在 gov.uk 的页面上写明：指导自 2026 年 6 月 29 日起具备法定效力，学校应从 2026 年 9 月 1 日起遵守。适用范围也写在同一页，它覆盖公立中小学、学院、自由学校、非公立特殊学校与独立学校。哪些学校不在其中同样清楚：16 至 19 岁学院、16 至 19 岁自由学校、继续教育学院与第六学级学院不在适用范围内，但它们可以参考这份指导写自己的政策。
The guidance appeared first on 19 February 2024 as non-statutory advice, which left schools free to choose their own approach. It was revised on 19 January 2026, when the DfE replaced the old toolkit with a document written for parents and added school case studies. The decisive change came on 29 June 2026, as section 36 of the Children's Wellbeing and Schools Act 2026 inserted section 550C into the Education Act 1996, requiring the head teacher or proprietor to have regard to the Secretary of State's guidance. The DfE states on gov.uk that schools should begin following it from 1 September 2026, and the same page excludes 16 to 19 academies, further education and sixth-form colleges.
全天禁用覆盖哪些时间与场所
政策要求禁止学生在整个校日内使用手机，包括课堂上、课与课之间、课间休息与午餐时间。教育部对「school hours」给了法律解释：从一个校日第一节课程开始，到同一天最后一节课程结束。这句话的实际含义是，午餐和课间都在范围内，学生不能躲在食堂角落刷手机。除了手机，功能相似的智能设备也在范围内，判断标准是能不能收发通知或消息、能不能录音录像。学校配置给学生使用的设备不受这条约束。学校若允许自带设备（BYOD），学生带来的手提电脑与平板按 BYOD 政策和 ICT 使用政策执行。
Under the policy, pupils should not have access to their phones at any point in the school day, which covers lessons, the time between lessons, breaktimes and lunchtime. The DfE defines school hours as running from the start of the first session on a school day to the end of the last session on the same day, so lunch and break sit inside the ban rather than outside it. Devices with similar functionality are treated the same way, typically if they can send or receive messages and notifications or record audio and video, while equipment the school provides is excluded and any bring your own device scheme follows the school's BYOD and ICT policies.
政策文本必须在学校网站公布并可查
沟通文件要求学校把手机政策公布出来，家长有权看到完整文本。覆盖对象包括公立中小学、学院、非公立特殊学校与独立学校。维持学校的做法更具体：行为政策必须发布在学校网站上，学校没有网站时，要放在家长能够访问的其他网站上。公布形式有两种，可以写在行为政策里，也可以单独成文。很多学生以为政策只挂在教室墙上，实际上家长在报名阶段就能查到完整条款。看到文本后，家长可以核对禁用范围、例外怎么申请、违规后学校会怎么做这三件事。文本里还会写明校方联系人，家长有疑问时知道该找谁。
Schools are expected to publish their mobile phone policy, either inside the existing behaviour policy or as a standalone document, and the duty covers maintained schools, academies, non-maintained special schools and independent schools. For maintained schools the requirement is specific: the behaviour policy must be published on the school website, or on another website that parents can access where the school has no website of its own. Parents can therefore read the full wording before applying to a school, and check the three parts that matter most: the scope of the ban, how exceptions are requested, and what happens after a breach.
例外只按个案批准 合理调整与家长共同拟定
教育部把默认状态定为无手机环境，允许的例外只能按个案处理。指导明确写着，学校可以为特定学生的需要或情况调整政策，这类调整适合在开学前就谈好。沟通文件给出具体做法：对可能需要合理调整（reasonable adjustment）的学生，学校应直接与家长沟通，双方一起拟出合适的方案。案例里能看到真实处理方式：一名患糖尿病的学生需要手机监测血糖，学校由教职员代管这部手机，并向同学说明这是一次个别豁免。常见的错误是家长把「我要联系孩子」当成自动豁免，学校给出的正解是紧急情况打学校办公室转达消息。学校也提到，例外批准后要有记录，这样换班老师与代课老师都知道安排。
The default is a phone-free environment, and anything different is meant to be an exception rather than a rule. Schools may adapt their policies for the needs or circumstances of specific pupils, and the DfE asks staff to speak directly to the parents of pupils who may need a reasonable adjustment so that a plan can be co-produced. Published case studies show what that looks like: one primary school let a pupil with diabetes keep a phone for glucose monitoring, managed by a member of staff, and explained the exemption to classmates.
第六学级与寄宿学校的不同尺度
同一个政策在不同阶段有不同的尺度。指导要求学校考虑第六学级学生能否在特定时间与地点使用手机，理由是这一阶段强调独立与责任，前提是不能动摇其他学生的规则。指导还写明一条底线：第六学级学生不得在低年级学生面前使用手机，例如把使用范围限制在第六学级休息室。寄宿学校与住宿制特殊学校的规定更严，教学日内禁止使用手机，教学日之外的政策要符合国家最低标准，也要保障学生能私下与家人联系。国际学生较多的寄宿学校还要考虑时差，把通话时间安排在双方都方便的时候。选择寄宿学校前，家长可以就这几条索取书面说明。
Sixth forms sit in a different place from the rest of the school. The guidance asks schools to consider whether sixth-form students should have access to their phones at certain limited times and locations, reflecting this stage as one of increased independence and responsibility, provided the policy for younger pupils is not undermined. It also sets a limit: sixth-form use must not happen in front of younger pupils and is often confined to a common room. Boarding and residential special schools must prohibit phones throughout the teaching day and manage the rest of a pupil's time under the national minimum standards, including private contact with families and, for international pupils, time zones.
行为政策 没收与留堂如何执行
手机政策不是一份孤立文件，它要与全校行为政策对齐。教育部要求所有学校的行为政策与保护儿童福祉的法律义务和标准一致，手机规则只是其中一节。违规后的处分由学校按自身情况决定，指导提到的常见方式包括没收与留堂。处分要合法，具体尺度写在教育部的行为指导里，涉及处分的比例与记录要求。案例里出现过更长的处理方式：某中学第一次发现使用或查出手机就立即没收，停用一周，部分情况更久，而且只能由家长来领。多次违规的学校还有升级做法，要求学生每天早上把手机直接交到办公室。家长在开学前问清处分阶梯，比事后争论更省事。
A phone policy is not a standalone document, because it has to line up with the school's whole behaviour policy, which must be aligned with the school's legal duties and standards on pupil welfare. Schools can use a range of sanctions for a breach, and the guidance names confiscation and detention among the options, with the lawful scope set out in the behaviour guidance. Case studies show how firm this can get: one secondary school confiscates a phone the first time it is seen, keeps it for a week or longer, and releases it only to a parent.
搜查与没收的法律依据
家长常问学校凭什么收走手机，答案在行为政策与搜查指引里。教育部的搜查、筛查与没收指引在 2022 年 7 月更新，里面写明「违禁物品」的定义来自《Education Act 1996》第 550ZA 条。指导建议校长在行为政策里把手机与类似设备列为可以搜查的物品，一旦这样写明，教职员就可以按指引搜查。指引也提醒，搜查之后学校要考虑学生是否需要保护支持，例如联系安全保护负责人（DSL）。独立学校不在同一套法定搜查权限里，学校需要在政策中说明自身权限来源。遇到学生不配合交出手机的情况，案例里的做法是先交给学生关怀团队沟通，避免把家校关系推向对立。
The power behind a confiscation comes from the behaviour policy together with the DfE's searching, screening and confiscation guidance, updated in July 2022. Prohibited items are defined in section 550ZA of the Education Act 1996, and the guidance says head teachers can and should identify mobile phones and similar devices as items that may be searched for in the behaviour policy, so once that wording is in place staff can search in line with the guidance. It also asks schools to consider whether a search gives cause to think a pupil needs support, and one case study routes a refusal to hand in a phone through the pastoral team first.
新政策推出前家长会提前多久收到通知
沟通文件把时间安排写得很细，家长可以据此判断学校的沟通是否到位。学校在决定引入或修改手机政策时，应先咨询家长与学生，而不是先发通知再补解释。政策生效前要提前告知全部家长与学生，并在生效前的几周里持续提醒。新政策落地前还可以设置试行日与试行周，让学生先适应，再正式执行。通知方式要多样，一次邮件覆盖不了所有家庭，这一点在招生与会讲活动上尤其明显。对需要合理调整的学生，学校要单独联系家长，不能用群发消息代替一次对话。家长在过渡期提出的具体问题，学校通常会在正式执行前答复。
The DfE asks schools to consult parents and pupils when deciding how to introduce or amend a phone policy, rather than announcing a decision and explaining it afterwards. Families should be told well in advance and reminded in the run-up to the change, and schools can use trial days and weeks before enforcement so pupils can meet the expectation. Contact with the parents of pupils who may need a reasonable adjustment should be direct, because a general email cannot replace that conversation.
单向通知与双向沟通如何配合
政策沟通靠两条腿走路，缺一条都会漏掉一部分家庭。单向沟通包括校讯、邮件、让孩子带回家的便条，适合传达关键信息，优点是覆盖快。双向沟通用来补位，电话沟通在合适的情况下使用，开放日与入学适应活动也属于这一类。两种方式在一学年里交替使用，信息更容易被读到，也更容易被家长记住。法律有时要求特定形式，例如必须以书面或纸质形式发出的通知，政策更新时要先确认这一点。孩子从小学升入中学是关键的衔接点，有学校在过渡阶段就让家长接受全套校规，之后执行时的阻力小很多。
Regular one-way communication, such as newsletters, emails and messages sent home through pupils, is useful for pushing out key information, but it works better when it is interspersed with two-way contact across the school year. Phone calls where appropriate, open evenings and induction events give parents a chance to ask questions and hear how the policy works in practice. In some situations the law requires a notice in writing or on paper, and the move from primary to secondary is a natural moment to confirm buy-in before the policy starts.
紧急联系与到校路上的安全顾虑
家长最直接的担心是联系不上孩子，指导专门回应了这一点。学校要主动向家长保证，遇到紧急情况可以打学校办公室，由办公室把消息转达给学生，不能拿「手机被禁」当理由切断家校联系。案例里有一所无书包的中学把这件事写成承诺：只要家长需要，学校都会用办公室帮助双方通话。另一种常见顾虑是上学与放学路上的安全，有学校通过允许学生随身携带手机或简易手机来解决路上的问题，到校后再统一保管。小学的做法更折中，独立步行回家的学生到校门口把手机交给值班的资深教师，放进篮子代管，低年级学生则不需要带手机。
The most direct worry for parents is losing contact with a child, and the guidance answers it explicitly: schools should reassure parents that in an emergency they can ring the school office to get a message to their child. One bag-free secondary school goes further and treats that as a standing commitment, facilitating contact whenever a parent needs it. Separate worries about the journey to and from school are usually handled by letting pupils carry a phone or a simpler handset and storing it once they arrive, and primary schools often split the difference by collecting phones at the gate from pupils who walk home independently.
政策讨论里可以引用的事实与数字
学校与家长谈政策时，可以直接引用教育部在 gov.uk 列出的数据，讨论会更容易落到事实上。儿童事务专员（Children's Commissioner）的研究显示，99.8% 的小学与 90% 的中学此前已经有手机限制政策，多数学校是在收紧既有规则，而不是开创先例。英国国家行为调查（National Behaviour Survey，2024 至 2025 学年）显示，58% 的中学生报告至少部分课堂出现过未经允许使用手机的情况，到了 Key Stage 4 升到 65%。同一页还写到，全球已有四分之一的国家对校园手机作出禁止或限制，包括法国、荷兰、丹麦、意大利、沙特阿拉伯与新加坡。Ofcom 在 2025 年的数据里，31% 的 8 至 17 岁儿童曾遭遇网络上的恶意或伤人言语，社交媒体（16%）与面对面（15%）的比例接近。这些数字都能在官方页面上核对，家长引用时不妨直接给出年份与出处。
The DfE's parent-facing guidance includes figures that schools can quote, which keeps the conversation on evidence rather than anecdote. Research from the Children's Commissioner showed that 99.8% of primary schools and 90% of secondary schools already had policies limiting or restricting phone use during the school day, so most schools are tightening an existing rule. The National Behaviour Survey for 2024 to 2025 found that 58% of secondary pupils, rising to 65% at key stage 4, reported phones being used without permission in at least some lessons, which disrupts a whole class. Ofcom data from 2025 puts the share of children aged 8 to 17 who have experienced nasty or hurtful behaviour through communications technology at 31%, with social media at 16% and face-to-face incidents at 15%.
屏幕时间挤占的睡眠与运动
教育部把手机问题与健康习惯放在一起讲，没有只谈课堂纪律。指引里写到，屏幕时间会挤占正向活动，社交、运动与充足睡眠都对儿童福祉有帮助，被屏幕时间替换掉之后，这些收益也跟着消失。校日里禁止使用手机，等于把课间与午餐还给学生，让他们有时间聊天、活动和建立友谊。很多学生以为手机只是打发时间，实际上屏幕时间替换掉的往往是睡眠与运动。文件建议家长考虑屏幕时间对孩子睡眠的影响，与学校一起维护孩子的状态。政策管的是校内的几个小时，放学后与睡前的习惯仍然由家庭决定，这也是学校反复请家长配合的原因。家长可以直接向学校索取数字化使用建议，不少学校在家长会上会提供这类材料。
The DfE frames phones as part of a wider wellbeing picture rather than a question of classroom discipline alone. Screen time can displace positive activities, since socialising, exercise and good sleep all support children's wellbeing and time on a screen is often time taken from them. A phone-free school day returns break and lunchtime to pupils so they can talk, move around and build friendships, and the guidance asks parents to think about how screen time affects their child's sleep. The policy governs a few hours of the day, so habits after school and before sleep still sit with families, which is why schools keep asking for help at home.
Ofsted 督查与 2027 年前的复核安排
2026 年 1 月的公告里还有一项与学校直接相关的安排，家长在督查季会明显感觉到。Ofsted 会在每一次学校督查中评估学校的手机政策以及它的落实情况。Ofsted 在 2026 年 1 月 23 日发布的官方博客里欢迎这次强化的指导，并说明督查时如何看待不同学校的做法。政策的复核时间表也公开了：政府会根据教育部的年度行为调查审视指导，并在 2027 年 9 月前完成必要的修订。这给家长一个现实预期，2026 至 2027 学年执行的政策不是最终版本，秋季之后可能继续调整。家长如果发现政策的执行与公布文本不一致，可以先向学校提出，再走学校的投诉程序，
The January 2026 announcement also changed inspection, and families feel it during inspection season. Ofsted will assess schools' mobile phone policies and how they are implemented as part of every school inspection. A blog published by Ofsted on 23 January 2026 welcomes the strengthened guidance and explains how inspectors will weigh different policies in different contexts. The review timetable is public too: the government said it would look at the guidance again in the light of the DfE's annual behaviour survey and revise it by September 2027. Parents who find a gap between the published policy and daily practice should raise it with the school first, then use the complaints procedure.
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