LLE生活费贷款 学分折算 面授 余额门槛
从2027年1月1日起，英格兰的18岁后学生资助换成终身学习权利，英文全称 Lifelong Learning Entitlement，简称LLE。学费贷款和生活费贷款都还在，额度却不再只按学年算，而是按学分折算。很多学生以为这只是换了个名字，实际变化落在申请条件、计算方式和发放节奏上。本文按 gov.uk 的申请人指南与教育部2025年7月9日发布、2026年5月29日更新的说明，把变与不变逐条说清楚。
From 1 January 2027, post-18 student finance in England moves to the Lifelong Learning Entitlement, known as the LLE. Tuition fee loans and maintenance loans both survive, yet the way their value is worked out has changed, because credits now sit at the centre of the calculation. The points below follow the applicant guidance published on GOV.UK, together with the Department for Education guidance on maintenance loans that was first issued in July 2025 and updated in May 2026.
学年制换成学分制
LLE 从2027年1月1日起替代现有的高等教育学生贷款，以及4级到6级的高级学习者贷款。课程和模块都按学分标价，1个学分相当于院校预计的10小时学习时间。全日制本科一年通常是120学分，三年制学位是360学分。新生的学费贷款总额是39160英镑，等于4年全日制或者480学分。学费贷款按学分收费上限计算，每120学分最多9790英镑。每年可借的学分上限是180学分，同一年的多门课程与模块合起来算。这些金额按2026至2027学年费率折算，政府以后可以调整。
The LLE replaces higher education student finance and advanced learner loans for level 4 to 6 study. Providers now price learning by credits, and one credit represents ten hours of study that your university, college or training provider expects you to do, which may include reading, coursework and revision. A full-time undergraduate year is normally 120 credits, and tuition fee loans are capped at £9,790 for every 120 credits you study. In any single year you can draw down up to 180 credits, counting every course and module you take in that year.
生活费贷款按学分折算
生活费贷款没有取消，变化在于额度的算法。学习不超过30周的课程年，官方公布的上限是15415英镑，前提是当年修满120学分。学分不足120就按比例发。gov.uk 举了三个例子：一年修60学分拿一半，约7707.50英镑；一年修30学分拿四分之一，约3853.75英镑；一年修90学分拿四分之三，约11561.25英镑。这意味着兼读和模块学习不再是「能不能拿」的问题，而是按学分比例拿多少的问题。分母变了，估出来的数字和旧制度会差一截。
Maintenance loans have not been scrapped, but the ceiling is now tied to credits rather than to the label on your course. For a course year of up to 30 weeks the published maximum is £15,415, and that figure assumes you study 120 credits. Study fewer credits and the loan drops in proportion, so a learner taking 60 credits in a year would be looking at roughly £7,707.50, while 30 credits in a year points to about a quarter of the maximum. That is the single biggest change for part-time and modular learners, because the question is no longer whether support exists but how much of it follows the credits you actually take.
决定额度的四个变量
官方列出的变量有四类：学习期间的居住地，例如与父母同住、住在伦敦、住在伦敦以外或者在海外；当年修的学分数；每年的学习周数；以及家庭收入。课程年指12个月的周期，从开课当月的第一天算起，课程超过12个月时，后续每个课程年都在同一天开始。一年超过30周，可能按家庭收入拿到额外支持。学习期间搬家要重新申报，额度会跟着变。课程包含实习年，或者本身能带来助学金，生活费贷款也可能被调低。官方一并提醒，生活费贷款通常不足以覆盖全部生活成本，兼职收入、地方支持、奖学金和家庭资助都要算进预算，等到开学再发现缺口就比较被动。
Four things drive the amount you actually receive: where you live while you study, the number of credits you take, how many weeks the course year runs, and your household income. A course year is a twelve-month period beginning on the first day of the month your course starts, and each later course year begins on the same date. Moving house mid-course is not a formality, because your award can change, and a placement year or a course that attracts another bursary may reduce the loan as well.
申请生活费贷款的两条硬条件
想申请生活费贷款，要同时满足两条。学费贷款额度余额至少还剩1587.50英镑，这是第一条。课程必须要求到校面授，这是第二条。余额低于1587.50英镑时，只有把剩下的余额用在同一门课上，才有资格申请生活费贷款，超出余额的学费可能要自己承担。修四年以上课程的学生属于例外，例如医学、护理、社会工作这类长学制课程，学费贷款用尽之后仍可能继续申请生活费贷款，条件是课程本身符合规定。
Two conditions have to be met at the same time before a maintenance loan can be approved. You need at least £1,587.50 of tuition fee loan entitlement still available, and your course has to require in-person attendance. Where the remaining balance falls below that figure, maintenance support is only open to learners who spend the balance on the same course, and any tuition above it may have to be self-funded. Students on longer courses, such as medicine or nursing, can sometimes keep borrowing for living costs after the fee balance runs out.
面授要求与远程学习例外
面授是硬要求。远程学习和在线课程仍不在生活费贷款范围内，现行制度的豁免只是继续沿用。如果因为残疾或者长期疾病无法到校，才可能走例外通道。这条规定在旧制度下已经存在，LLE 只是把它写得更明确。LLE 的覆盖范围包括所有被指定的面授课程与模块，也就是说模块学习本身可以带生活费支持，前提是当年的学分总和达到下限。这条规定对打算边工作边读模块的成年人影响最大，报名前先确认课程是否属于被指定的面授课程。
In-person attendance is a hard requirement rather than a preference. Distance learning courses remain outside maintenance support, exactly as they are today, and existing exemptions are simply being carried over. A learner who cannot attend because of a disability or long-term illness may still qualify through the published exception. Modular study can carry maintenance support, provided the credits you take in the year reach the minimum.
30学分下限与模块资助门槛
要拿学费贷款和生活费贷款，一个课程年至少要修30学分，可借区间通常是每年30学分到180学分。模块能不能拿资助还有额外门槛：必须是同一所院校既有的被指定课程的组成部分，级别在4级到6级之间，完成后出具标准化成绩单，并且不能通过加盟方式交付。官方给的组合例子是两门20学分模块共40学分，或者一门10学分加一门20学分共30学分。启动阶段的模块资助只覆盖优先学科，包括计算机、工程、建筑与规划、物理与天文、数学科学、护理与助产、专职医疗、化学、经济、健康与社会照护。政府说明会先小范围开放，再逐步扩大。
Both tuition fee loans and maintenance loans require a minimum of 30 credits in a course year, and the normal borrowing range runs from 30 to 180 credits a year. Modules bring extra rules: they must be part of an existing designated course delivered by the same provider, sit at level 4 to 6, carry a standardised transcript once completed, and must not be delivered through franchise arrangements. At launch, modular funding is limited to priority subject groups, and the government has said provision will start narrow and widen over time.
发放节奏最多分三期
教育部在2026年5月29日更新说明时写明，LLE 的生活费贷款按最多三期发放，与现行安排大体一致，后续年度的发放细节会另行公布。学费贷款直接支付给院校，生活费贷款支付给学习者本人。如果课程在开课之日起3个月内结束，发放安排另有规定，gov.uk 的付款页面单独列出了这一情形。资金到账后要按学年支出节奏安排，生活费贷款不是一次性到手的整笔钱。
The Department for Education confirmed in its May 2026 update that maintenance loans under the LLE will be paid in up to three instalments, broadly in line with the current system, with details for later years to follow. Tuition fee loans go straight to your provider, while maintenance loans are paid to you. Courses that finish within three months of the start date are handled separately, and GOV.UK sets that out on its payment page.
60岁这条年龄线
学费贷款要求开课第一天未满60岁。60岁及以上的人不能再借学费贷款，但仍可能申请用于生活费的额外贷款。官方给的理由是资助要集中在较可能还款的学习者身上，接近退休或者已经退休的人通常只会还掉很小一部分。对打算在职业生涯后段回炉的人来说，这条线决定了能借的是学费还是只能借生活费。计算时要按开课当天算年龄，不是按申请当天算。
Tuition fee loans require you to be under 60 on the first day of your course. Learners aged 60 or above cannot borrow for tuition, though they may still be able to apply for an additional loan to help with living costs. The published rationale is that funding should be focused on those most likely to repay, since learners near or in retirement tend to repay only a very small share of their loan.
不用还的补助与残障支持
生活费贷款要还，补助不用还，两者的门槛也不一样。LLE 不影响已经在领定向支持补助的人，这些钱不需要偿还。对新系统下的新生来说，受抚养人补助和旅行补助面向全日制学习，也就是每个课程年至少120学分。残障学生津贴的门槛更低，每个课程或者模块修满30学分就能申请，以往由高级学习者贷款支持、现在改由 LLE 支持的课程同样适用。低收入、残疾或者有子女的学习者还可以申请额外资助。
Maintenance loans are repaid, grants are not, and the two sets of rules do not run on the same threshold. The LLE does not affect anyone already eligible for targeted support grants, which never have to be repaid. For new learners, grants for dependants and travel grants are aimed at full-time study of at least 120 credits in a course year, while the Disabled Students Allowance starts at 30 credits per course or module.
还款沿用第五类计划
还款规则没有另起一套，2027年1月1日起开课的贷款仍按第五类计划执行。年收入超过25000英镑才开始还款，按超过部分的9%扣，收入回落到门槛以下就停。从首次应还款那一年的4月起算满40年，剩余余额核销。当前利率是4.1%，从第一笔贷款发放当天算到还清或者核销为止。已经持有本科贷款又用剩余额度继续学习的人，仍然只按一笔9%还款，不会因为多了学籍而扣两次。
Repayment follows Plan 5 rather than a new scheme. You start repaying once you earn over £25,000 a year, paying 9% of everything above that threshold, and payments stop if your income falls back below it. Any balance left 40 years after the April you are first due to repay is written off, and interest currently sits at 4.1% from the day the first payment is made until the loans are repaid or cancelled. Borrowers who already hold an undergraduate loan and then use residual entitlement for further study still make a single repayment of 9% above the threshold, rather than paying twice.
什么时候申请，谁不受影响
时间线要分两条读。学生财务账户从2026年9月起可以让学习者看到自己还剩多少学费贷款额度，这一步不需要正式提出申请。正式申请窗口在 gov.uk 的申请人指南里写的是2026年10月底开放，面向2027年1月起开课的课程与模块；教育部的宣传页写的是9月起可以申请。两处口径不一致时，以 gov.uk 申请人指南当页的说明为准。2027年1月1日之前已经开课的学生不受影响，继续按现行制度拿钱。新系统下每门课程都要单独申请，课程超过一年还要每年重新申请。
Dates need reading in two parts. From September 2026 a student finance account will show how much tuition fee loan entitlement you have left, and checking that balance does not require an application. The applicant guidance on GOV.UK says applications open at the end of October 2026 for courses and modules starting in January 2027, while departmental campaign material mentions September, so treat the GOV.UK page as authoritative. Anyone whose course began before 1 January 2027 stays on the current system.
常见的错误与操作建议
常见的错误是拿旧制度的数字去套新规则。旧制度里兼读按强度比例，新制度按学分比例，两个分母不同，估出来的生活费贷款会差一截。另一个容易漏掉的点是余额：学费贷款剩余额度不足1587.50英镑时，生活费贷款的资格会被余额卡住，很多学生以为只要在读就能拿到。建议在申请前用官方学生财务计算器跑一遍，把居住地、学分和学年周数三个变量都填进去，再决定要不要拆成模块报名。打算读模块的人还要先确认课程是否在被指定名单里。把模块拆得太碎还有一个副作用：课程年低于120学分就拿不到受抚养人补助与旅行补助，这两项只面向全日制学习。
A common mistake is to apply old numbers to the new rules. The previous system scaled part-time support by intensity, while the LLE scales it by credits, so the two produce quite different estimates for the same learner. Another trap is the fee balance: below £1,587.50 of remaining entitlement, maintenance support is blocked, and many students assume that being enrolled is enough. Run the official student finance calculator before you commit.
牛津高阶英汉双解词典 第10版 商务印书馆¥168📱 去京东购买京东精选需要一对一辅导？Need One-on-One Tutoring?
A-Level / GCSE / IB / KS2-KS3 全科辅导
16621398022同微信
关注公众号 tutorhao 获取更多学习资源
Visit aleveler.com
或截图后用「扫一扫 → 相册」选择本图