校外培训 课外班 安全保障准则 家长指引
英国教育部（DfE）在 2025 年 5 月 29 日启动了一轮针对校外培训与课外班的证据征集，2025 年 9 月 21 日结束，官网写明正式回应随后公布。这一轮讨论的核心，是给学费辅导、体育与艺术俱乐部、假期营地这类场所补上一套更清楚的安全保障准则，并同步更新给家长的核查指引。对在英国读书的家庭来说，孩子放学后的时间往往交给机构而不是学校，家长手上常常只有一张价目表。本文把官方已经写明的准则内容、家长可以逐条核对的清单，以及 2026 年的最新进展放在一起讲清楚。
In England, tuition centres, sports clubs and holiday camps sit outside the school system and have never been covered by one single set of safeguarding rules. The Department for Education ran a call for evidence from 29 May to 21 September 2025 to decide how that gap should be closed, and a full response is still to come. This article sets out what the published guidance already requires, what parents can check before paying, and what has changed in 2026.
哪些场所算校外培训与课外班
官方把这类场所统称为 out-of-school settings，缩写 OOSS，指的是在英格兰为儿童提供辅导、培训、指导或活动的机构与个人，前提是孩子在活动中不受父母或照护人看管。学费机构、私人辅导老师、学习中心、体育与舞蹈俱乐部、乐器课、童子军与女童军、假期营地、补充学校以及宗教背景的教学场所都算在内。学校、学院、16 至 19 岁学院、已在 Ofsted 或儿童看护机构注册的育儿场所不属于 OOSS。判断的标准是活动当时的看管关系，不是机构挂在门口的招牌。
Out-of-school settings, usually shortened to OOSS, are organisations or individuals that provide tuition, training, instruction or activities to children in England without a parent or carer supervising them. The label covers tuition centres, private tutors, sports and dance clubs, music lessons, uniformed youth groups, holiday camps, supplementary schools and faith-based teaching. Schools, colleges and Ofsted-registered childcare are excluded, so what matters is who is responsible for the child at the time, not the name above the door.
准则与家长指引的更新节点
给提供方的安全保障准则在 2020 年 10 月 21 日首次发布，2023 年 9 月 19 日做过一次大幅更新，加入了 2022 年多机构试点的发现与信任职位的新立法。2025 年 5 月 29 日加上了免费网课入口，2026 年 2 月 2 日更新了自雇与志愿者 DBS 检查那一节，把含禁制名单核查的加强版检查写清楚。给家长的指引同在 2020 年 10 月 21 日首发，2026 年 2 月 6 日做了最新一次对齐。两份文件都在 gov.uk 官网公开发布，任何家长都可以直接下载来看。
The provider guidance was first published on 21 October 2020 and substantially rewritten on 19 September 2023, when findings from the multi-agency pilot and new positions of trust legislation were folded in. Two further updates followed: e-learning information in May 2025, and a February 2026 revision covering enhanced DBS checks with barred list information for self-employed providers and volunteers. The companion parent and carer guide was last aligned with the provider version on 6 February 2026.
2025 年证据征集说明的规模
证据征集的页面给出两个数字，用来解释为什么这一轮要动准则。英格兰大约每十名成年人里就有一人在 OOSS 工作或做志愿者，折算下来约 450 万成年人。页面还写明，多达八成儿童会定期参加至少一项这类活动。征集在 2025 年 5 月 29 日中午开始，官方在 2025 年 8 月 18 日延长了截止日期，最终在 2025 年 9 月 21 日结束，共开放近四个月。
Scale is the main argument for acting. The call for evidence page states that roughly one in ten adults in England, about 4.5 million people, work or volunteer in out-of-school settings, and that up to 80% of children regularly attend at least one activity. Launched at midday on 29 May 2025, the exercise was extended on 18 August and finally closed on 21 September 2025.
准则要求提供方的四块内容
现行的提供方准则是一份 53 页的非法定指导，2026 年 2 月版要求覆盖四块内容：安全保障与儿童保护、员工与志愿者的适配性、健康与安全、治理。准则并不要求每家机构准备厚厚一叠文件，而是要求把与自身规模相符的安排落实到位。轻重缓急看四个变量：场地大小、活动或辅导的类型、物理位置、开放时段。官方也写明了最低要求对任何规模都适用，小机构只是把书面步骤简化，不等于可以省略。
The current provider guidance runs to 53 pages and is non-statutory. Its February 2026 edition covers four areas: safeguarding and child protection, the suitability of staff and volunteers, health and safety, and governance. Providers match the depth of their arrangements to their size, the type of activity, the physical location and the hours they operate, but the baseline duties apply to everyone, including lone tutors.
安全保障与儿童保护政策的最低内容
准则要求每家机构都有一份书面的安全保障与儿童保护政策，每年复核一次，出现事件后立即复核。政策里要有一段声明，写清把孩子安全放在什么位置。还要有一条承诺，写明员工与志愿者在任何情况下都不得对孩子施加身体或心理伤害。指定安全保障负责人是谁、怎么联系，也要写在里面。本地儿童社会服务团队、地方当局指定官员与警方的联系方式同样列在同一份文件里。自雇且没有员工的辅导老师不必写成分步骤的程序，但要能说清遇到具体问题时自己会怎么做。
Every provider is asked to hold a written safeguarding and child protection policy, reviewed annually and again after any incident. It should state the priority given to keeping children safe and commit that no member of staff or volunteer will inflict physical or psychological harm. Local contacts for children's social care, the local authority designated officer and the police belong in the same document, while a self-employed tutor with no staff may keep procedures unwritten as long as they can explain the steps they would take.
指定安全保障负责人与转介路径
准则把日常责任压在一个具体的人身上，称为 designated safeguarding lead，简称 DSL，自雇的独立辅导老师本人就是 DSL。这个人要受过培训，熟悉欺凌、身体虐待、忽视、情感虐待、儿童性虐待、儿童之间的有害性行为、网络安全、药物滥用以及极端化与激进化。机构要知道本地儿童社会服务的转介入口，多机构安全保障枢纽 MASH 通常是专业人士报告疑点的单一入口。怀疑孩子受到伤害时，要尽快报给地方当局指定官员 LADO 与警方。独立老师还要把本地儿童服务或 NSPCC 求助热线 0808 800 5000 的号码交给家长。
Responsibility is placed on one named person. The designated safeguarding lead, or DSL, must be trained across bullying, physical and emotional abuse, neglect, child sexual abuse, harmful sexual behaviour between children, online safety, substance abuse and radicalisation. Providers must know their referral route into children's social care, usually through the local multi-agency safeguarding hub, and report allegations of harm to the local authority designated officer and the police as soon as reasonably practicable.
人员适配与 DBS 检查的分级
招聘环节要做的检查包括身份核验、工作权确认、前雇主的推荐信以及犯罪记录检查。推荐信要按准则要求直接向推荐人索取，不接受"敬启者"式的公开证明，也不能用亲友出具的证明。DBS 检查按岗位性质分级，从事受监管活动的人可以拿到含相应禁制名单核查的加强版证书。准则提醒机构，DBS 只是一张时间点上的快照，不能长期依赖，岗位变化后要重新判断。自雇的提供者只能申请基础版 DBS，家长在选独立老师时要主动索要检查证据。2026 年 2 月 2 日的那次更新正是围绕这一节展开。
Safer recruitment means identity checks, right to work verification, references taken directly from referees and the appropriate criminal record check for the role. The guidance warns that open testimonials and references from friends or relatives carry little weight, and that a DBS certificate is a snapshot rather than a permanent guarantee. Because a self-employed provider can only apply for a basic DBS check, parents hiring an independent tutor should ask for evidence of whatever check has been obtained.
独自工作与过夜接触的界定
受监管活动有明确的边界。未受监督的教学、训练、指导与看管儿童，在 30 天内超过三次，就落在受监管活动范围内；在凌晨 2 点到 6 点之间有机会接触儿童的过夜安排同样如此。体育与宗教场景被列为信任职位，年满 18 岁的人如果定期教练、教授、训练、监督或指导未满 18 岁的人，与其发生性关系或某些性行为即构成犯罪，这一条自 2022 年 6 月 28 日起生效。准则要求机构写清如何应对独自工作、成年人未经同意与孩子一对一接触，以及公众进入场所的情形。
Unsupervised teaching, training, instruction or supervision of children becomes regulated activity once it happens more than three times in a 30-day period, or overnight with contact possible between 2am and 6am. Sports and religious settings are treated as positions of trust, so it has been a criminal offence since 28 June 2022 for an adult over 18 to enter a sexual relationship with someone under 18 they coach, teach or supervise regularly. Written procedures should also cover lone working, one-to-one contact without consent and members of the public entering the premises.
健康与安全中的消防与急救要求
这一块里有两条属于必须做到。机构必须有消防安全与疏散计划，也必须考虑场地对员工与孩子是否安全，并把识别出的风险降下来。有 5 岁及以下儿童的场所，还要有儿科急救培训，除非依法豁免注册。5 岁以上儿童的活动，准则建议准备急救培训、急救箱与应急处理思路。每个孩子要留不止一个紧急联系电话，机构要知道孩子已告知的病史与过敏情况。员工与志愿者少于 5 人的小型机构，不必准备书面的健康与安全风险评估，但要能说清如何处置现场风险。
Two items here are mandatory rather than advisory: a fire safety and evacuation plan, and a considered judgement about whether the premises are safe for children and staff with identified risks reduced. Where children aged five and under attend, paediatric first aid training is also required unless the provider is exempt from registration. For older children the guidance asks for first aid training, a stocked kit, more than one emergency contact per child and clear records of medical conditions and allergies; settings with fewer than five employees still have to manage risks on site.
治理中的投诉与举报安排
治理部分要求机构有一套清楚的投诉程序，让家长、孩子与员工知道找谁、怎么提、多久有答复。还要有有效的举报政策，让员工可以在不担心报复的情况下报告同事的问题行为。员工行为政策也就是行为守则，要覆盖对员工的指控如何处理、可接受的技术使用、员工与孩子的关系以及社交媒体沟通。安全保障的问责线要从最基层通到机构最高层，培训记录与复训时间表要留档。慈善机构另受慈善委员会监管，其权力来自 2011 年慈善法。
Governance asks for a complaints procedure that tells families who to contact and what to expect, plus a whistleblowing policy that lets staff raise concerns about colleagues without fear of reprisal. A staff behaviour policy should cover allegations against staff, acceptable use of technology, staff and child relationships and social media contact. Accountability for safeguarding has to run to the most senior level, training records and refresher dates should be kept, and charities answer to the Charity Commission under the Charities Act 2011.
家长可以逐条核对的清单
家长指引把这些要求写成了可以开口问的问题。要向机构索取投诉政策与儿童保护政策，问清指定安全保障负责人是谁、受过什么培训、最近一次培训在什么时候，问清谁负责急救、有没有急救箱与应急预案，问清员工与志愿者做过哪些检查。第一次上课前，要看机构有没有健康与安全政策、场地是否整洁安全且有清楚疏散通道、有没有公共责任保险、有没有员工行为守则与网络安全政策。一对一的辅导，家长可以要求在旁观察。常见的错误是只谈价格与提分，把安全当成机构内部的事，等到出问题再回头追问就已经晚了。
The parent guide turns those expectations into questions: ask for the complaints policy and the child protection policy, find out who the designated safeguarding lead is and how recent their training was, ask who handles first aid, and ask what checks staff and volunteers have been through. Before the first session, check that the setting holds a health and safety policy, keeps the building clean and safe with a clear exit route, has public liability insurance, a staff code of conduct and an online safety policy. Parents of children taught one to one can ask to sit in, and a provider who welcomes questions is usually the steadier choice.
八岁以下儿童的注册义务与全日制红线
多数为 8 岁及以下儿童提供照护的场所必须注册到普通育儿登记册的 A 部分，也就是 Ofsted 的登记体系，除非法律明确豁免；早期教育阶段还要按早期基础阶段框架执行。另一条线是不能办成全日制，如果场所提供的全日制教育挤掉了孩子上合法学校的机会，就可能落入独立学校的法定定义。未经注册而开办独立学校属于犯罪行为，定罪后可能面临无上限罚款和最长六个月的监禁。很多学生以为补习班只要不挂学校的名号就不受约束，其实注册、消防、健康与安全这些法律义务一直都在。
Most settings caring for children aged eight or under must join Part A of the General Childcare Register unless the law exempts them, and early years provision follows the Early Years Foundation Stage framework. A setting must not operate full-time in a way that stops a child attending a lawful school, because that can bring it inside the statutory definition of an independent school. Running an unregistered independent school is a criminal offence carrying an unlimited fine and up to six months in prison.
2025 至 2026 年的政策走向
地方当局的指引与证据征集同日更新，写明如何识别有问题的场所、可以动用哪些权力，其中包含 2004 年消防与救援服务法赋予消防部门的权力、2011 年慈善法赋予慈善委员会的权力，以及防止极端化的法定义务。免费网课由六个模块组成，全部完成约需一小时，通过末尾的小测就能拿到电子证书。回应进度方面，教育部在 2026 年 2 月的书面答复里说仍在分析回复，并请了外部独立分析人员协助，之后还要与家长、小型提供方以及行业专家组做访谈。南港调查第一阶段政府回应在 2026 年 7 月 2 日公布，教育部接受其中关于更新校外场所指引的建议，包括强化安防、健康与安全以及应急预案，并计划在 2026 年底前完成。
Local authority guidance was refreshed alongside the call for evidence, setting out how councils identify settings of concern and which powers they can use, including fire and rescue powers under the Fire and Rescue Services Act 2004 and the Charity Commission's remit under the Charities Act 2011. The free e-learning runs to six modules, takes about an hour in total and ends with a short test and a digital certificate. On timing, a written answer in February 2026 confirmed that responses were still being analysed with external support, to be followed by focus groups and sector roundtables, while the government response to Phase 1 of the Southport Inquiry, published on 2 July 2026, accepted a recommendation to strengthen the guidance on security, health and safety and emergency planning, with completion expected by late 2026.
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