TARA问题解决 22题40分钟 三类题型
TARA 是牛津与 UCL 用来筛选本科申请人的通识推理笔试，全称是 Test of Academic Reasoning for Admissions。它由三个模块组成，问题解决模块占 40 分钟，要完成 22 道选择题。这个模块不考学科知识，题目却常被包装成小学应用题的样子。真正的难点不在算不出来，而在于题干里塞了用不到的信息。官方 Question Guide 把问题解决分成三类题型，每一类的解题习惯都不一样。下面按考试当天的真实节奏，把这个模块拆开讲清楚。
The TARA is the admissions test that Oxford and UCL use to screen undergraduate applicants, and its Problem Solving module gives you 22 multiple-choice questions in 40 minutes; there is no subject knowledge to revise, yet most stems look like primary-school word problems dressed up with detail you do not need. The official Question Guide splits the module into three question types, and each type rewards a different habit, so recognising the type is often worth more than calculating faster. This article walks through the format, the three types, the mathematics the guide actually expects, and the booking dates for 2027 entry.
TARA 的三个模块在报名时就已经固定
TARA 一共三个模块，分别是批判性思维、问题解决和写作任务。三个模块全部必考，报名时系统会替你预先选定，不需要自己挑。考试按顺序进行，每个模块单独计时，进入下一个模块之后就不能再回头。官方 Question Guide 专门写明这一点，这也是它和 ESAT 或 TMUA 允许自选模块的最大区别。问题解决排在第二个位置，前面有 22 道批判性思维的题，后面是 750 词的写作任务。整场下来是 120 分钟，中间没有额外的机动时间。很多学生以为三个模块的顺序可以自己安排，到了考场才发现顺序是系统定好的。
The TARA has three modules: Critical Thinking, Problem Solving and the Writing Task. All three are compulsory and the system pre-selects them when you book, so there is nothing to choose; the modules run in order, each is separately timed, and once you move on you cannot return to an earlier one. Problem Solving sits in the middle, which means 22 Critical Thinking questions come before it and a 750-word essay comes after, and the whole sitting is 120 minutes with no slack in between.
问题解决 22 道题 40 分钟每题约 109 秒
问题解决模块是 22 道选择题，每题五个选项，只有一个是正确答案。考试时间 40 分钟，合 2400 秒，平均每道题约 109 秒。这不到两分钟里要读完题干、筛掉多余条件、算出结果，再核对五个选项。官方在指南里说明题目按陌生问题的思路设计，所以不要指望每道题都能顺手做出。常见的错误是在某一道题上反复验算，结果最后三题连题目都没读完。很多学生以为时间够用，实际做到第 15 题就开始慌。给自己设一个止损点，比如 150 秒还没头绪就先标记跳过的题，比硬扛更划算。
Twenty-two questions in 40 minutes works out at about 109 seconds each, and every question carries five options with only one correct answer. That is under two minutes to read the stem, drop the irrelevant facts, do the arithmetic and compare the choices, which is why a steady pace matters more than a flawless first pass. Candidates who re-check a single question three times usually reach the end with the last few unread.
官方把问题解决分成三类题型
Question Guide 把问题解决分成三类，分别是 Relevant Selection、Finding Procedures 和 Identifying Similarity。三类对应洞察陌生问题的三种能力，官方同时说明，少数题目会同时落在两类里。分类的意义在于拿到题先判断自己在做哪一类，再决定时间怎么花。第一类考的是取舍信息，第二类考的是自己设计步骤，第三类考的是在不同表示之间对上关系。三类都不需要背公式，需要的是动手试的耐心。判断错类型很容易走远路，比如把一道匹配数据的题当成计算题来硬算。这一步最容易在考场上被跳过，因为题目看起来太像熟悉的题型。
The Question Guide groups Problem Solving into three kinds: Relevant Selection, Finding Procedures and Identifying Similarity. Each maps to a different aspect of insight into unfamiliar problems, and the guide notes that some questions fit more than one category. Deciding which kind you are looking at is the fastest way to budget your time, because one type rewards ruthless filtering, another rewards inventing a method, and the third rewards reading two representations against each other.
Relevant Selection 先从材料里挑出真正用得到的信息
Relevant Selection 的题干会故意放一堆无关信息，有些还带着很有吸引力的数字。官方解释得很直接，现实问题很少只给你解题必需的条件，所以第一步永远是判断哪些信息相关。指南里的例子是 Jasper 的书包，最多装五本书，储物柜只能在到校、课间和午休三个时间点去开。题目给出一周课表和每科需要的书本数量，问哪一天课间不需要去储物柜。解题只需要算午休前各科书本的总和，课表里其余的安排与每门课的书本清单都是多余的。很多学生以为要把整张表都算一遍，其实只算午休前那三节课就够。养成先划掉不用的条件的习惯，能省下的时间比多算两遍更值钱。
Relevant Selection questions deliberately bury the needed facts in a pile of irrelevant material, some of it carrying tempting numbers. The guide's own example is a school bag that holds five books, a locker the student can visit before school, at break and at lunch, and a timetable listing how many books each lesson needs; answering it only requires adding up the books for the lessons before lunch, while the rest of the timetable is decoration. The habit being tested is deciding what to ignore before you start calculating.
Finding Procedures 是在没有现成公式时自己搭一条路径
第二类 Finding Procedures 的难处不在计算，而在于没有现成公式可以套。官方的说法是，即使你手上只剩相关条件，通往答案的路仍然可能不清楚，这时要自己设计一套步骤。指南里的例子是一张机票，去年总价 330 美元，其中订票费 50 美元，基础价格与机场费按 3 比 2 分配。今年基础价格上涨 20%，机场费上涨 10%，订票费减半，问今年总价。做法是先减掉订票费，把剩下的 280 美元按比例拆开，再分别乘上新的倍数，最后加回去。常见的错误是把 20% 当成 20 美元直接相加，或者忘记先扣订票费。这类题的答案通常是小数值，算完看一眼数量级就能排除两个选项。
Finding Procedures is where the route to the answer is not obvious even after you have stripped out the noise, so you have to build a procedure of your own. The guide's example works through a flight whose price is made of a basic cost, airport charges and a booking fee, with the first two in a 3:2 ratio last year and different increases this year, so the only way through is to subtract the fee first, split the remainder by the ratio and then apply each new multiplier. Two wrong routes the guide flags are treating 20% as a flat 20 and leaving the booking fee unchanged.
Identifying Similarity 要读懂同一批数据的两种表示
第三类 Identifying Similarity 会把同一批数据用两种方式画出来，常见的是柱状图配饼图。要做的不是精确量角度，而是找到两种表示之间的关系，看出差别落在哪里。官方还说明，部分题目会出现简单图形的翻转与旋转，或者二维与三维物体的操作。指南里的例子是 Terence 画的销售柱状图与饼图，饼图漏掉了其中一天。解法是看出左边两块合计正好是一半，右边两块合计也是一半。把五天销售额读出来后逐个配对，只有周一与周五、周二与周四能凑出两半，缺的那天就是周三。很多学生以为要按比例尺量出扇形的圆心角，其实对齐一半与四分之一这类特征更快。
Identifying Similarity questions show the same data in more than one form, often a bar chart beside a pie chart, and ask you to work out the relationship between them. Some questions instead involve reflections or rotations of simple shapes, or the manipulation of 2D and 3D objects. In the guide's example a shopkeeper's bar chart is paired with a pie chart missing one day, and the key is noticing that the two left-hand segments together make exactly half the circle, which pins the missing day down without measuring a single angle.
附录一写明数学范围只到基础层级
指南最后的附录一部分把问题解决的数学要求写得很具体。范围包括简单的分数、位值、百分比的基本想法，以及加减乘除四则运算。数值运算部分要求会做百分比计算和日常情境下的计算，复杂分数与小数的运算不在要求之内。平均数也被单列出来，要会算一组数据的平均值。数量部分覆盖时间与日历、金钱和度量三类。表格与图表部分只要求能从图表和表格里读出信息。官方明确写出，超出这个清单的计算不会出现在题目里。
Appendix 1 of the Question Guide sets out the mathematics you are expected to know, and it stops well short of GCSE higher tier: simple fractions, place value, the idea behind percentages and the four rules of number. Percentage operations in everyday contexts are required, complex calculations with fractions and decimals are not, and the calculation of a mean is explicitly listed. Quantities cover time and the calendar, money and measures, while the last section asks only that you can extract information from graphs, charts and tables.
单位换算与平均数是附录里点名的技能
附录里单列了四个必须记住的换算关系，一千米等于 1000 米，一米等于 100 厘米，一厘米等于 10 毫米，一千克等于 1000 克。官方同时说明，题目里可能出现英尺、吨、加仑这类常见单位，但不要求掌握它们之间的换算关系。位值的例子写得很基础，比如知道 7654 里的数字 5 代表 50。百分比的想法被解释成每一百份里的一份，吃过 20% 就还剩 80%。平均数题目通常要求先把几组数据加总，再除以数据的个数。常见的错误是算完直接写答案，没有回头检查所有量是否用了同一个单位。很多学生以为单位换算是小学内容可以跳过，考场丢分最多的地方恰好是它。
The appendix lists four conversions you are expected to know: 1 km equals 1000 m, 1 m equals 100 cm, 1 cm equals 10 mm and 1 kg equals 1000 g, while other units such as feet, tonnes and gallons may appear without any requirement to convert between them. Place value is spelled out with the example that the 5 in 7654 stands for 50, and percentages are described as so many parts in every 100. Average questions usually turn on adding a set of values and dividing by how many there are, and the commonest slip is answering before checking that each quantity is in the same unit.
图形与空间推理包含翻转与旋转
附录的图形与空间推理部分包括面积、周长和体积，并指名要学会计算长方形面积和长方体的体积。Identifying Similarity 的题里可能出现简单图形的翻转与旋转，也可能让你在二维与三维之间来回对照。做旋转题的关键是相对位置不变，只是整体转过了一个角度。做体积题时先看清单位，厘米与米混用会让答案差出一百倍。官方在指南里没有给出公式表，只列出这些能力项，所以练的是看图而不是背公式。常见的错误是把饼图的扇形当成角度去量，忽略了分半与分四这类更省事的特征。把看到的关系写成一行简单式子，比全部记在脑子里更稳。
The space and spatial reasoning section of the appendix covers area, perimeter and volume, and names the area of a rectangle and the volume of a box as things you should be able to calculate. Similarity questions may show reflections or rotations of simple shapes, or ask you to compare a 2D drawing with a 3D object, and it helps to write the relationship you spot as a short expression rather than holding it in your head. Angles rarely need measuring when the drawing is already divided into halves and quarters, which is usually the intended shortcut.
答错不扣分所以 22 道题都要作答
官方在 TARA 页面和指南里写了同一句话，答错不扣分，所以每道题都值得尝试。这意味着空着不答与答错在分数上完全一样，但空着一定拿不到分。问题解决的 22 道题里通常有几道会超出当下的思路，先标记再回头是常规做法。TARA 没有及格线，官网写明没有 pass 或 fail 之分，目标是把自己能做对的都做对。成绩由答对的题目数量决定，两个选择题模块分别出一个分数。写作任务由 UAT-UK 打分吗，官方的答复是不打分，答卷副本直接送给所申请的院校。很多学生以为写作也要计入分数，于是在 40 分钟里反复修改开头。把写作当成一次展示表达的练习，反而更容易写完那 750 词。
Marks are not deducted for wrong answers, so every one of the 22 questions is worth an attempt; leaving a blank scores the same as a wrong answer, while a blank can never earn anything. There is no pass or fail for the TARA, and your final score is simply the number of correct answers, reported separately for Critical Thinking and Problem Solving. The Writing Task is not scored by UAT-UK at all, and a copy of the response is passed to the universities that require the test.
分数各模块 1 到 9 保留一位小数
批判性思维与问题解决各出一个分数，刻度从 1 到 9，结果保留一位小数。官网的 Prepare 页面给出两个固定参照点，中位数固定在 4.5，第 90 百分位固定在 7.0。这两组数字的含义是，分数每年经过等值化处理，所以不同场次之间可以放在一起比较。1 到 9 的刻度不代表你答对了几分之几，它更像一个相对位置。UAT-UK 不接受分数申诉，也不公布试题内容与答案。成绩约在考试后四周开放查询，并自动送达所申请的院校。考生无法选择谁能看到自己的分数，也不能撤回已经送出的成绩。
Critical Thinking and Problem Solving are reported as two separate scores on a scale from 1 to 9, given to one decimal place, with the median fixed at 4.5 and the 90th percentile fixed at 7.0 according to the Prepare page. Those fixed reference points exist because scores are equated across sittings, so two test windows can be compared directly. UAT-UK does not accept appeals against scores, and results appear about four weeks after your sitting before being sent automatically to the universities you applied to.
禁用计算器与词典草稿册由考场发放
官方写明整场 TARA 的任何部分都不允许使用计算器，也不允许使用词典。这一点对问题解决影响最大，百分比、分数与单位换算全部要靠手算。计算器不能带进考场，界面上也没有软件计算器可以调用。考场会发放可擦写的草稿册和笔，演算过程可以直接写在上面。平时习惯在纸上圈画条件的做法，需要在电脑上重新练一遍。心算与估算在这个模块里的价值比很多学生想的高，判断答案的数量级对不对就能排除两个选项。考前用官方样题按计时条件做一遍，是熟悉这种节奏最直接的办法。
Calculators and dictionaries are not permitted in any part of the TARA, which matters most in Problem Solving, where percentages, fractions and unit conversions all have to be done by hand. There is no on-screen calculator to fall back on, and the test centre issues an erasable booklet and pen for your working, so a habit built on annotating paper has to be rebuilt on a computer. Mental arithmetic and estimation earn their place here, especially for checking whether an answer is the right order of magnitude.
2027 入学两场考期与中国内地港澳固定单日
2027 入学的两场考试分别是 2026 年 10 月 12 日至 16 日和 2027 年 1 月 4 日至 8 日。中国内地、香港与澳门考区的考试日被压缩成单日，十月场的问题解决安排在 10 月 14 日，一月场安排在 1 月 7 日。十月场的报名已在 2026 年 9 月 28 日英国时间 18:00 截止，一月场报名在 10 月 26 日 15:00 开放，12 月 21 日 18:00 截止。费用按考点所在地计算，英国与爱尔兰 78 英镑，其他地区 133 英镑。牛津与 UCL 的申请人通常必须考十月场，例外只有剑桥一月截止的成熟学院与牛津的预科年项目。账号从 6 月 1 日起就可以创建，官方建议尽早预约，因为考点越早订越可能选到就近的场次。错过所要求的笔试，官网写明可能使整份申请失效。
The two sittings for 2027 entry run from 12 to 16 October 2026 and from 4 to 8 January 2027; candidates in mainland China, Hong Kong and Macau sit on fixed single days, with Problem Solving falling on 14 October and 7 January respectively. October booking closed at 18:00 UK time on 28 September 2026, while January booking opens at 15:00 on 26 October 2026 and closes at 18:00 on 21 December 2026, and the fee is set by test centre location at £78 in the UK and Republic of Ireland and £133 elsewhere. Oxford and UCL applicants normally have to sit in October, so the official advice is to book early before convenient centres fill up.
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