EHC计划 转学搬迁 15个工作日 6周通知
孩子拿着 EHC 计划搬家或者换学校，家长最常问的一句话是要不要重新申请一份计划。答案是不用，计划本身跟着孩子走。英格兰在 2026 年 1 月共有 718,838 份 EHC 计划在册，比上一年高 12.5%，2025 年新出的计划有 110,708 份，这些数字写在英国教育部 2026 年 6 月公布的 EHC 计划统计里。只有 46.1% 的新计划在法定的二十周内发出，所以搬家前后的时间节点值得家长自己盯紧。决定支持是否连续的，不是新地方的办事效率，而是几段写在法规和操作准则里的天数。
This article sets out what happens to an EHC plan when a child changes school or moves to another part of England. The plan travels with the child, the legal duties move to the new council on a fixed timetable, and the deadlines are counted in working days rather than goodwill, so a short written record of the move matters more than most families expect. Below are the rules that decide whether provision continues without a gap.
计划随孩子迁移：从转移日起算作新地方当局的计划
地方当局换了，计划还是同一份。法规写明，从转移那天起，这份 EHC 计划就当作是新地方当局作出的，作出日期保留原来的日期。新地方当局不能要求家长重新做一次需求评估才肯办事，也不能用计划不是自己发的当理由。计划里的特殊教育供给写在 Section F，新地方当局有同样的法律义务把它落实到位。很多学生以为换城市等于重新排队，其实排队用的还是原来那份计划。搬家之前家长可以先做一件很朴素的事，把搬家日期和孩子的计划编号写成一封邮件，发给两个地方当局的 SEN 团队。
When a child moves into another council area, the same plan continues to apply. Regulation 15 of the SEND Regulations 2014 says that from the date of transfer the plan is treated as if the new authority had made it on the original date, so the new council inherits the duty to secure every item of provision in Section F; it cannot demand a fresh needs assessment before acting, and it cannot treat the plan as somebody else's document. The practical step that starts every deadline is a short written notice of the move, sent to both SEN teams.
十五个工作日的转移时限从哪里起算
转移的时限写在 2014 年《特殊教育需要与残疾条例》第 15 条里。家长提前至少十五个工作日通知，原地方当局就要在孩子搬家当天把计划转过去。通知晚了也不用慌，条例给的是从它知悉之日起算的十五个工作日。常见的错误是搬家只在电话里说了一句，没有留下书面记录，双方对起算日各说各话。留下来往邮件和搬入新地址的证明，这两样东西在时间争议里最管用。健康服务的采购机构也有十五个工作日的通知义务，这一条家长通常不知道。
Regulation 15 also settles who does what, and by when. With at least 15 working days' notice the old council must transfer the plan on the day of the move, and where notice is shorter it has 15 working days from the day it became aware; the same duty applies to the health commissioning body, which must tell its opposite number in the new area. Written proof of the moving date is what makes those working days countable if a dispute arises months later, and an email trail is usually enough to settle it.
新地方当局收到计划后的六周必须回信三件事
计划转过去以后，新地方当局不能沉默。条例要求它在转移之日起六周内通知家长三件事，计划已经转过来、是否打算做一次 EHC 需求评估、以及打算什么时候审查这份计划。这三项都是主动告知，家长不需要反复催问。很多学生以为换区之后要自己重新递交评估申请，实际上新地方当局本来就要给出这个答复。如果六周过去没有收到任何书面通知，家长可以引用条例第 15 条向新地方当局的 SEN 团队发函催办。信里写清孩子姓名、计划编号、转移日期和已经等了多少周，并保留一份副本。
Within six weeks of the transfer, the new council must write to the family. It has to confirm that the plan has been transferred, say whether it proposes to carry out a fresh EHC needs assessment, and give the date by which it intends to review the plan; the duty is to inform the parent or young person without being chased. If the six weeks pass in silence, a short letter quoting regulation 15, listing the child's name, plan reference and transfer date, is the usual first move.
第一次审查：十二个月与三个月取较晚者
新地方当局接手以后，要做的第一件事是把计划审一遍。审查的时间点取两个期限里较晚的一个，一个是计划作出或者上次审查起算的十二个月，另一个是转移之日起算的三个月。这一条规定解决了一个很现实的麻烦，刚搬完家就马上开审查会，家庭和学校都来不及准备。审查走的是正常的年度审查程序，不是简化版本。审查会上要看教育机构的观察记录，也要重新确认命名的学校是否合适。审查结束以后，地方当局要在四周内把维持、修改还是终止的决定通知家长。
The first review after a move has its own timetable. The new council must review the plan before the later of two dates, which are 12 months from the plan being made or last reviewed, and three months from the date of transfer, so a family is not pushed straight from a removal van into a review meeting. That review follows the full annual review process, ending with a written decision on whether the plan is maintained, amended or ceased.
原命名学校去不了时的临时安置
搬得太远，孩子原来的学校通常去不了。条例第 15 条第 6 款要求新地方当局在计划正式修改之前，先安排孩子进入另一所合适的学校或者其他教育机构。这是一条临时措施，作用是别让孩子在等待计划修改的空档里失学。临时安置期间，计划里原本写明的支持仍然有效，不能以新学校没有资源为理由停掉。家长这时可以主动提供通勤时间、孩子能承受的路程和专业支持需求，帮助地方当局选一个靠谱的过渡点。很多学生以为搬家那天起支持就停在旧学校，实际上把支持接上的义务在新地方当局身上。
Where the school named in the plan is simply too far away, the new council has to arrange a suitable temporary placement. Regulation 15(6) requires an appropriate school or other institution to be found until the plan can be formally amended, and the provision already written into the plan stays in force during that period, so a lack of resources at the interim setting is not a lawful reason to suspend it. Information from the family about journey times, travel tolerance and specialist needs helps the council choose a workable interim placement.
收费学校与寄宿学校的学费不能先拒付
计划在 Section I 里写明了一所收学费的独立学校、非公立特殊学校或者寄宿学校，情况会更敏感。SEND 操作准则第 9.159 段写明，新地方当局在正式修改计划之前，不能拒绝支付学费，也不能停止维持这个安置。这条规则的道理很直白，计划还没有被改写，里面的安排就仍然有效。常见的错误是家长听到新地方当局说经费紧张就自己先妥协，让孩子转到另一所学校，之后再想纠正就难了。把对方的口头说法换成书面通知，这件事本身值得坚持。书面文件才是后面可以拿来追责的东西。
A school named in Section I that charges fees, whether independent, non-maintained special or boarding, raises the stakes. Paragraph 9.159 of the SEND code of practice says the new authority may not decline to pay the fees, or otherwise stop maintaining the placement, unless and until it has amended the plan, and an informal warning about budgets does not change that position. Asking for the decision in writing is what keeps the placement enforceable should the family need to challenge it.
同一地区内换学校：改的是 Section I
不跨区的转学走的是另一条路。孩子上哪所学校写在计划的 Section I 里，换学校就要改这一节，而不是重新做一份计划。家长可以随时提出希望改到哪一所学校，不必等年度审查，这一项权利来自 2014 年《儿童与家庭法》第 39 条。地方当局只有两类理由可以拒绝，一是这所学校不适合孩子的年龄、能力、天资或者特殊教育需要，二是孩子去那里会妨碍其他孩子的教育，或者造成资源使用上的不合理。地方当局会征询拟命名学校的意见，学校通常有十五天答复。被拒绝时家长的上诉渠道是 SEND 一审法庭，上诉期从最终决定发出起算两个月。
Changing school inside the same council area is an amendment rather than a new plan. Section I names the setting, and section 39 of the Children and Families Act 2014 lets a parent or young person request a different school at any time instead of waiting for the annual review; the council must agree unless the school is unsuitable for the child's age, ability, aptitude or needs, or attendance would be incompatible with the efficient education of others or the efficient use of resources. The proposed school is consulted, normally with 15 days to reply, and a refusal can be taken to the SEND Tribunal.
提前审查与 4 周 15 天 8 周 12 周的时间链
计划明显跟不上孩子的需要时，可以要求把审查提前。原来的安置崩了、原来的学校明显不合适、孩子长期缺勤，这些都可以作为理由。审查会开完以后的时间链是固定的，四周内地方当局要通知家长决定维持、修改还是终止计划，决定修改就要同时送出草案。家长至少有十五天对草案提出意见，并可以重新提出学校的意愿。最终修改后的计划要在送出草案后八周内发出。2022 年英国高等法院在 Devon 一案里确认，从审查会算起不得超过十二周，这四段时间是法定期限，不是工作目标。
An early review is the tool when the plan has stopped working. A placement that has broken down, a school that is plainly unsuitable or long periods of absence are all grounds for asking the council to bring the review forward; the timetable afterwards is fixed, with the decision on maintain, amend or cease due within four weeks of the meeting and at least 15 days for the family to comment on the draft. Following R (L, M, P) v Devon County Council in 2022, the final amended plan must be issued within 12 weeks of the review meeting.
阶段转换的硬期限：2 月 15 日与 3 月 31 日
跨学段和跨区的截止日不是一回事。孩子从小学升中学、从幼儿园进学前班，地方当局要在转学当年的 2 月 15 日之前完成审查和修改，把新学校写进 Section I。从中学升入 16 岁后教育机构，截止日推后到同年的 3 月 31 日。这两条写在 2014 年《特殊教育需要与残疾条例》第 18 条里，配套的是秋季学期就要召开的转换审查。16 岁后教育机构之间中途转学另有规定，要在转学至少五个月前完成审查和修改。熟悉这些日期的人，会在前一个学年就把材料准备好。
Phase transfer runs on a separate calendar. Regulation 18 requires the plan to be reviewed and, where necessary, amended before 15 February in the year of transfer for moves such as primary to secondary school, and before 31 March for a move from secondary school into post-16 education; a young person moving between post-16 institutions at another point in the year needs the plan amended at least five months in advance. Because the review meeting usually sits in the autumn term, families who gather evidence a year early carry the advantage.
Section I 写明的学校必须录取
计划写了哪所学校，这所学校就要收这个孩子。2014 年《儿童与家庭法》第 43 条规定，公立学校、公立特殊学校、书院、继续教育学院、非公立特殊学校以及经教育部批准的独立学校，一旦被写进计划，管理机构必须录取。这个义务不受学校是否招满影响，也不受普通招生流程的时间限制。学校即使不同意被命名，在计划修改之前也必须先接收孩子。只有私立且未获批准的独立学校不在这个义务范围内。家长常见的错误是看到学校回复满员就放弃，其实满员不是这条路径上的理由。
Once a school is named, it has to admit the child. Section 43 of the Children and Families Act 2014 places that duty on the governing body, proprietor or principal of a maintained school, an academy, a further education institution, a non-maintained special school or an approved independent school, and it applies even where the school is full or the normal admissions round has closed. A school that disagrees with being named must still admit the child until the plan is amended, and capacity is not one of the grounds the council can rely on in law.
健康与社会照护部分跟着搬家走
计划里的健康和社会照护部分同样要跟着孩子迁移。孩子搬家导致负责的采购机构换人时，原来的机构要在搬家当天或者知悉之日起十五个工作日内通知新的机构。新地方当局还要联系当地 NHS 的 SEND 团队，请他们核对计划里的健康需求能否由当地的委托服务满足。社会照护部分涉及社工和短期休息安排，换区以后通常需要重新对接。这几块内容的进度不会被写进教育部分的时间表里，家长要分开跟。遇到健康服务对不上时，先找地方当局的计划协调员和当地的 NHS SEND 团队。
Health and social care move with the plan as well. Where the move changes the responsible commissioning body, the original body must notify its successor on the day of the move or within 15 working days of becoming aware, and the new council then asks the local NHS SEND team to check whether the health needs described in the plan can be met from services commissioned in the area. Social care elements such as social worker input and short breaks usually need re-brokering, and they sit outside the education timetable, so they have to be tracked separately.
移居英格兰以外与返回英格兰
搬离英格兰是另一个情形。家庭移居苏格兰、威尔士、北爱尔兰或者海外时，地方当局可以不再维持这份计划，但要走 2014 年《儿童与家庭法》第 45 条和条例规定的程序，先书面告知家长正在考虑终止以及理由。回到英格兰以后，需要重新提出 EHC 需求评估的申请，原来那份计划不能自动复活。计划在英格兰境内可以转移，跨境时只能走终止再申请这一条路。英国教育部 2024 年 2 月 29 日在 gov.uk 上发布的指引把这一类情形单独列了出来，涉及跨境搬家、短期寄住亲戚家、父母随工作调动出国等等。搬家前后把文件扫描存档，重新申请时就不用四处找材料。
Moving out of England follows a different route. A council may cease to maintain the plan when the family moves to Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland or overseas, but only after following section 45 of the Children and Families Act 2014 and the associated regulations, beginning with written notice of the proposal and the reasons for it. Returning to England means a fresh request for an EHC needs assessment, because the old plan does not restart by itself; the DfE guidance published on gov.uk in February 2024 sets out these cross-border cases, including temporary stays with relatives and postings abroad.
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