非考试评估 特殊安排 私人考生 截止日
考前这段时间，学生问得最多的是两类事：非考试评估的作品什么时候交，以及能不能申请特殊安排。这两件事在官方文件里是两条不同的流程，一条管教师评分的作品如何完成并提交，另一条管调整措施如何在考试与评估之前审批下来。JCQ 的非考试评估规则覆盖 2025 年 9 月 1 日到 2026 年 8 月 31 日，特殊安排的规定同样在这一学年有效，并且 JCQ 在 2026 年 3 月做了更新。私人考生要额外留意一点：按 Ofqual 在 2026 年指南里的写法，中心接受你的报名，就必须在该资格需要时提供全部非考试评估。下面把两条流程的关键条款逐条拆开。
Two sets of rules sit behind the final months before exams. One covers non-exam assessment (NEA): how coursework is supervised, marked and submitted. The other covers access arrangements: adjustments that have to be approved before an assessment begins. JCQ's instructions for conducting NEA run from 1 September 2025 to 31 August 2026, and its access arrangements guidance was updated in March 2026. Private candidates should note one point from Ofqual's 2026 guide, because it decides whether a course is even open to them.
NEA 官方定义：三条条件都不满足的评估
监管机构对考试的定义很窄，非考试评估反而是三条条件都不满足的那一类：不由考试局命题，不需要全体考生在考试局指定的同一时间应考，也不在考试局规定的条件下完成，包括监考方式与时长。按这个定义，NEA 不只等于校内评分，跨中心在不同时间进行的外部评分或外部命题的实践考试同样算 NEA。艺术与设计这类由考试局统一命题的组成部分不走这份文件，要按 JCQ 的考试实施说明执行。很多学生以为只有写论文才算 NEA，实际上表演、作品集、口语任务与实验操作都在其中。中心需要先判断某个组成部分属于哪一种，再决定用哪一套规则。
The regulators define an examination narrowly, so NEA is best understood as the assessment that fails all three tests. Tasks are not set by the awarding body, are not taken by every candidate at a time the awarding body fixes, and are not taken under conditions the awarding body specifies, including supervision and duration; the definition reaches well beyond teacher-marked coursework; externally set or externally marked practical exams taken at different times across centres also count as NEA. Centres therefore classify each component first, because the rules that follow depend on that classification.
监管机构给 NEA 的三条原则
英格兰与威尔士的资格监管机构给 NEA 定了三条原则。一条是只有在它是评估某项必备知识与技能的唯一有效方式时才使用；另一条是它要在有效评估、良好评估实践与可操作性之间取得平衡；第三条是设计要贴合科目本身，包括与笔试之间合理的权重分配。这三条解释了为什么有些科目几乎没有 NEA，而有些科目的作品评分占比较高。Ofqual 在 2026 年 2 月 3 日更新的学校与学院指南里提醒，NEA 会被评分，必要时还要经过调分，再与笔试成绩合并成最终等级。常见的错误是把 NEA 当成送分部分，实际上它的评分标准同笔试一样按公开的评分方案执行。
The qualification regulators in England and Wales set three principles for NEA. It should be used only where it is the only valid means of assessing essential knowledge and skills; it has to balance valid assessment, sound assessment practice and manageability; and it should suit the subject, including its weighting against written exams; those principles explain why some subjects carry almost no NEA while others weight coursework heavily. Ofqual's guide for schools and colleges, updated on 3 February 2026, records that NEA is marked and, where needed, moderated and combined with exam marks to produce the grade.
中心的 NEA 政策与教师认证声明
每个中心都要有一份书面的 NEA 政策，说明学科负责人、任课教师与考务人员各自负责什么。任课教师的任务包括按考试局的评分标准批改校内评估作品，并保留反馈、监督与真实性核查的记录。作品完成之后，教师要在认证声明上签字，确认提交的作品属于该考生本人；考生自己也要签署认证声明，表示已阅读并遵守规定。小组作业的处理方式很容易被误解：共同完成田野调查或实验之后，每个人仍要写出自己的报告与结论，不能共用同一份文字。中心保存的记录要能经受 JCQ 中心检查员的抽查。
Every centre must keep a written NEA policy setting out what subject leaders, teachers and exams office staff are responsible for. Teachers mark internally assessed work against the awarding body's criteria and maintain records of feedback, supervision and authenticity checks; after the work is finished, the teacher signs a declaration of authentication confirming the work is the candidate's own, and the candidate signs a statement confirming the regulations have been read and followed. Group tasks cause the most confusion: after shared fieldwork or laboratory work, each candidate writes up their own account and draws their own conclusions.
任务完成期间：监督、资源与修改稿
任务完成阶段的要求围绕监督与真实性展开。中心要确保每位考生得到足够的监督，使作品可以被认证；教师能提供的帮助只到一般性建议为止，超出范围的协助要记录下来，并在评分时考虑或提交给外部阅卷人。JCQ 允许考生用文字处理软件完成 NEA，考试实施说明里关于文字处理的规定不适用于 NEA。多数科目允许教师在给出一般性建议之后让学生修改与重写，具体尺度要看考试局的科目说明。很多学生以为写进作品里的网络资源不需要留痕，实际要求是资源使用可以被核查。
Supervision and authenticity shape this stage. A centre must supervise every candidate closely enough for the work to be authenticated, and teacher help should stay at the level of general advice; anything beyond that has to be recorded and either reflected in the mark or passed to the external examiner. JCQ allows candidates to word process NEA, and the word processing rules in its exam conduct instructions do not apply here; in most subjects candidates may revise and redraft after general advice, although the exact limits sit in the awarding body's subject-specific guidance.
引用与 AI 生成内容的提交规则
引用规范在 2025 学年版本里写得更细。使用出版来源的原文措辞时，要加引号并注明出处；印刷品或期刊要写作者、出版年份与页码，网络材料要写下载日期与精确网页地址，而不是搜索引擎地址。使用 AI 工具生成的内容时，要注明工具名称与生成日期，并列出该工具所用的来源。考生还要把题目与生成内容以不可编辑的格式保留下来，例如截图，附一段简短说明讲清自己如何使用这些内容，并随作品一起提交，让教师可以同时看到作品、生成内容与使用方式。常见的错误是只承认用过 AI，却没有留下截图与说明，这在中心核查时无法支撑。参考书目按教师要求附在作品末尾。
Referencing rules were written more tightly in the 2025 to 2026 version of the guidance. Where a candidate uses the same wording as a published source, quotation marks and a reference are required; print sources need author, year and page number, while online material needs the download date and the precise web page rather than a search engine address. Computer-generated content such as an AI chatbot requires the name of the tool, the date the content was produced and the sources the tool drew on. Keeping the question and the generated content in a non-editable form, adding a short explanation of how it was used and submitting both with the work lets the teacher review all three together.
分数提交、核对与延误后果
内部评分完成之后，中心要按考试局公布的截止日提交分数与作品。中心内部要先设一个更早的期限，留出处理考生查阅自己校内评分的时间，也留出核对工作的时间。提交之前，中心要检查全部考生的分数，而不只是被抽样的那部分，重点看加总与转录错误。考试局可以拒收逾期提交的分数与作品，未能按期提交可能被当作管理失当立案调查。延误只有在中心遇到不可控情况时才可能获得短延期，是否批准由考试局决定。作品丢失要按表格 15 上报。教师提前提醒学生交稿时间，往往比事后补救更省事。
Once internal marking finishes, centres submit marks and work by the awarding body's published deadline. The centre sets an earlier internal deadline so that candidate requests to see centre-assessed marks can be handled and the marks checked before submission. Every candidate's marks, not only the sampled ones, must be checked for addition and transcription errors. Awarding bodies may refuse marks and work submitted late, and a missed deadline can be investigated as maladministration; a short extension is possible only where circumstances beyond the centre's control apply, and the decision rests with the awarding body. Lost work is reported on Form 15.
违反 NEA 规定的四档处置
提供给考生的官方说明列了四档处置，具体用哪一档由考试局决定：这份作品记零分；取消该场次该组成部分的成绩；取消该场次整个科目的成绩；取消全部科目成绩并在一定期限内禁止再次报考。抄袭、允许他人抄袭自己的作品、把网上的现成答案当作自己的成果提交，都会进入这套流程。考试局会用电子工具比对标点、语法与行文风格的变化，来发现代写与拼接。作品保管不当同样有风险：把稿子留在同学能看到的地方，或者发到社交平台，都可能被他人抄走而牵连自己。很多学生直到收到中心的核查通知，才意识到引号与出处不是形式问题。
The official candidate guidance sets out four possible sanctions, with the awarding body deciding which applies: zero marks for the work, disqualification from that component for the series, disqualification from the whole subject for the series, or disqualification from all subjects plus a bar on entering again for a period; copying, letting another candidate copy, or passing off online solutions as one's own work all feed into that process. Awarding bodies use electronic tools that detect changes in punctuation, grammar and writing style. Losing control of a draft carries its own risk, because work left where classmates can read it, or posted on social media, can be copied before submission.
特殊安排的法律依据与考前审批
特殊安排是在考试之前商定的调整，依据是考生的具体需要，例如特殊教育需要、残障或暂时性损伤，目的是让考生可以参加评估并展示自己会什么，而不改变评估本身的要求。这也是考试局履行《2010 年平等法》下合理调整义务的主要方式，触发的条件是评估安排会让残障考生相比其他考生处于实质劣势。中心有这项义务时，不得就调整措施或辅助器具向残障考生收取额外费用。监管机构可以规定某些调整不得作出，例如阅读能力本身正在被评估时就不能使用读者。所有安排都要在考试或评估之前获批，这一条没有例外。
Access arrangements are agreed before an assessment and respond to a candidate's specific needs, such as special educational needs, a disability or a temporary injury; the aim is to give access to the assessment without changing what it demands. They are the main way awarding bodies meet the reasonable adjustments duty under the Equality Act 2010, which applies where assessment arrangements would put a disabled candidate at a substantial disadvantage. Where that duty applies, a centre must not charge the disabled candidate for the arrangement or aid; regulators can specify adjustments that should not be made, such as a reader where reading ability itself is being assessed, and approval must be in place before the assessment.
21 项由中心决定的安排与需要在线申请的安排
JCQ 把 21 项安排交给中心自行决定，包括在单独房间应考、放大或彩色纸张、彩色滤光片、朗读与考试朗读笔、监督式休息、桌面计时器、非电子耳塞与耳罩、提示卡，以及关闭拼写与语法检查的文字处理。这类安排通常不需要在线申请，也不需要为检查保存证据，但 SENCo 必须确信有需要，判断依据是考生的常规做法，以及困难是否长期且影响显著。另一类安排必须通过 Access arrangements Online 提交并附证据，包括电脑朗读或读者、25% 额外时间、超过 25% 的额外时间、代笔或语音识别、翻译词典加 25% 额外时间、医疗用途手机与时间表调整。超过 25% 的额外时间、实践助理与远程监考会被系统自动拒绝，必须由中心在线转介给考试局。
JCQ delegates 21 arrangements to centres, among them sitting outside the main hall, enlarged or coloured paper, coloured overlays, read aloud with an examination reading pen, supervised rest breaks, a desk timer, non-electronic ear defenders, prompt cards and a word processor with spellcheck disabled. These do not normally need an online application or evidence kept for inspection, though the SENCo must still be satisfied of the need, judged from the candidate's normal way of working and a substantial and long-term effect; others must go through Access arrangements online with supporting evidence, including a computer reader or reader, 25% extra time, more than 25% extra time, a scribe or speech recognition, a bilingual dictionary with 25% extra time, a mobile phone for medical purposes and timetable variation. Extra time over 25%, a practical assistant and remote invigilation are automatically rejected and must be referred online to the awarding organisation.
NEA 与特殊安排的交界：独立作答与协助人选
两条流程在 NEA 上有一个明确的交界。JCQ 规定，教师评分的 NEA 只能为考生独立完成的技能给分，特殊安排不得削弱评估要求。也就是说，某个调整如果替考生完成了被考核的动作，就不能用在需要独立作答的作品上。同一个考生在不同科目需要的安排也可能不同：写作量大的科目可能需要 25% 额外时间，短答题为主的科目未必需要，SENCo 要逐科判断。指派协助人员时还有人选限制：一般不能让考生自己的任课教师、学习支持助理或助教担任读者、代笔与提示人，如果确实要用，现场必须另有一名监考；亲戚、朋友与同学不能担任，私人辅导教师也不能承担这项工作。实践助理的使用要先咨询学科教师，确认其任务不会使公布的评估目标失效。
The two processes meet at one clear point. JCQ requires that where NEA is marked by teachers, credit is given only for skills demonstrated by the candidate working independently, and access arrangements must not compromise the assessment requirements. A candidate may also need different arrangements in different subjects, so the SENCo decides subject by subject; there are limits on who can facilitate an arrangement: the candidate's own subject teacher, learning support assistant or teaching assistant should not normally act as reader, scribe or prompter, and where they do, a separate invigilator must always be present; relatives, friends and peers are excluded, and a private tutor cannot facilitate an access arrangement. A practical assistant also requires consultation with subject teachers first.
私人考生：中心必须提供 NEA 与内截止日
私人考生通常在家自学、复读或通过远程课程学习，需要先在一所学校、学院或其他考试中心完成报名。Ofqual 2026 年指南写得很直接：接受私人考生报考某资格的中心，如果考生需要，就必须提供该资格的全部非考试评估，而不只是笔试。JCQ 从 2025 年 9 月起首次单独发布了面向私人考生的特殊安排指引，要求中心把内部截止日告知私人考生，考生要在报名或注册时就提出自己的需求，中心的报名表也要问到考生在限时与受控条件下的困难。证据方面，学习困难通常由 SENCo 完成表格 8 的第一部分，医学或身体条件需要注册专科医生出具的诊断，例如儿科顾问或医院顾问，全科医生的证明不够。私人考生无法到中心时，沟通可以通过电话或视频完成。
Private candidates usually study at home, retake a qualification or follow a distance learning course, and they must register at a school, college or other exam centre; Ofqual's 2026 guide is explicit: a centre that accepts a private candidate for a qualification must offer to provide all aspects of non-exam assessment for it, as well as the exams, if the candidate needs them. JCQ published a dedicated guide for centres accepting private candidates from September 2025, requiring centres to tell private candidates their internal deadline and to ask about difficulties under timed and controlled conditions at the point of enrolment. Evidence normally means Form 8 Part 1 for learning difficulties, or a diagnosis from a registered specialist such as a consultant paediatrician for a medical condition, since a GP letter is not enough; where a candidate cannot attend, discussion can take place by phone or video call.
2026 年 6 月场次的时间线与特别考虑的区别
时间线要按场次分开看。JCQ 规定，2026 年 6 月场次的修改版试卷申请截止日是 2026 年 1 月 31 日，其他所有特殊安排的截止日是 2026 年 3 月 21 日，两项都要在考试之前办完。特别考虑是另一套流程：它处理考生在评估前后临时生病、受伤或其他不可控事件造成的影响，而不是在考前把调整措施批下来。Ofqual 的指南写明，2026 年夏季 GCSE、AS 与 A-Level 的特殊考虑申请应在评估当时提交，最迟 2026 年 7 月 1 日。JCQ 也写明，完全没有提交任何课程作业或非考试评估，以及缺考全部考试与校内评估组成部分的考生，不符合特别考虑的条件。接受私人考生的中心名单由 JCQ 在每年年底更新一次。
Deadlines differ by series: JCQ sets 31 January 2026 as the final deadline for modified papers and 21 March 2026 for all other access arrangements in the June 2026 series, and both must be settled before the assessment. Special consideration is a separate process that deals with the effect of temporary illness, injury or other events outside a candidate's control at the time of assessment, rather than approving adjustments beforehand. Ofqual's guide says requests for summer 2026 GCSE, AS and A level exams should be submitted at the time of the assessment and by 1 July 2026 at the latest. JCQ also states that candidates who submit no coursework or non-exam assessment at all, or miss every examined and internally assessed component, are not eligible; the list of centres accepting private candidates is updated each year at the end of the calendar year.
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