英国学生贷款 Plan1 海外收入门槛 分国别
在英国读完书、人已经搬去别的国家，学生贷款并不会因为地理位置改变而暂停。第一类还款计划（Plan 1）在海外执行的是一套按居住国家区分收入门槛的规则，门槛高低看当地生活成本，而不是你在英国时的工资水平，也不看贷款余额。2026/27 的门槛表已经在 gov.uk 上更新，从最低档到最高档相差七倍。下面把分档逻辑、换算顺序、工资单折算方法，以及交不出材料时会遇到的固定月供讲清楚，方便已经离境或准备离境的借款人自己核对一遍。
Once a borrower leaves the UK, a student loan does not pause. Plan 1 borrowers instead face a set of income thresholds that vary by country of residence, tracking local living costs rather than the salary once earned in Britain or the balance still outstanding. The 2026/27 tables on gov.uk range from the lowest band to the highest by a factor of seven. What follows sets out how the bands are built, the order SLC uses for the arithmetic, how payslips become an annual salary, and what a fixed monthly demand looks like when evidence is missing.
谁算 Plan 1：资助机构和入学时间两条线
Plan 1 不是按你现在的收入定的，而是按当年谁给你资助、什么时候开始读书来定的。英格兰或威尔士的学生财务机构在 2012 年 9 月 1 日之前给你发过贷款，你就属于 Plan 1。北爱尔兰学生财务局的情况比较特殊，只要资助发生在 1998 年 9 月 1 日及以后，本科和研究生都算 Plan 1。同一个人完全可能同时背着两种计划，比如先读本科再读研，两笔贷款分属不同计划。很多人不清楚自己在哪一档，gov.uk 的还款计划页面把这条时间线写得很直白。登录学生贷款公司（SLC）的在线账户下载 plan type letter，看上面的字面表述最稳妥。计划一旦搞错，你套用的就是另一张海外门槛表，所以核对这一步要放在最前面。
Plan 1 is defined by when you borrowed, not by what you earn today; if Student Finance England or Wales funded your course before 1 September 2012, that loan sits on Plan 1, and Student Finance Northern Ireland funding from 1 September 1998 onwards counts as Plan 1 for both undergraduate and postgraduate study. One borrower can hold loans under two plans at once, and each plan is then assessed against its own overseas table. SLC issues an active plan type letter in your online account, which is the fastest way to confirm your position. Getting the plan wrong sends you to the wrong country table, and the gap between them is not small.
英国境内门槛每年重设：2026/27 是 26,900 英镑
在英国境内工作，Plan 1 的门槛按年、按月、按周三个口径同时公布。按 gov.uk 的还款页面，2026/27 学年 Plan 1 的年门槛是 26,900 英镑，月门槛 2,241 英镑，周门槛 517 英镑。你只对超过门槛的那部分还钱，比例是 9%。年薪 33,000 英镑、月薪 2,750 英镑时，超出月门槛 509 英镑，9% 算出 45.81 英镑，实际每月扣 45 英镑。门槛与你的贷款余额无关，欠得多还是欠得少，都不改变每个月的扣款比例。收入在一年里波动时，某个月超过月门槛就会扣，年末按全年口径可以对多扣的部分申请退款。海外沿用的是同一套逻辑，变的是门槛数字，不是 9% 这个比例。
Inside the UK, the Plan 1 threshold is published in yearly, monthly and weekly terms, and the figures on gov.uk for 2026/27 are 26,900 pounds a year, 2,241 pounds a month and 517 pounds a week. Only income above the threshold is charged, at 9 per cent; a 33,000 pound salary works out at 45 pounds a month. The balance you owe has no effect on the percentage taken, which surprises borrowers who assume a smaller debt means smaller deductions. If a bonus pushes one month over the monthly threshold, the deduction happens that month, and a refund is available at the end of the tax year when the full-year total sits below the yearly figure. Abroad, the same 9 per cent applies and only the threshold moves.
海外门槛为什么按国家走：世界银行 PLI 与每年 4 月 6 日重设
住在英国以外时，SLC 不会把英国门槛直接套到你的当地收入上。官方的做法是给每个国家单独设一个门槛，依据是世界银行最新一年发布的 Price Level Index（PLI），用食品、住房、交通这些一般价格水平衡量当地生活成本。生活成本高的地方门槛高，低的地方门槛低。这套数字每年 4 月 6 日整体重设一次，SLC 官网的海外门槛出版物页会同时给出新一年的表。很多学生以为收入没变、还款就不会变，实际上门槛换档之后，同样的当地薪水算出来的月供会上下浮动。表里还列出每个国家的官方换算汇率，汇率一年只更新一次，你的收入按它折成英镑。
Outside the UK, SLC does not apply the domestic threshold to your local salary; each country gets its own figure, set from the World Bank's most recent Price Level Index for food, housing and transport. Higher living costs produce a higher threshold and lower costs a lower one, and the whole set is refreshed every 6 April with the new tables published on gov.uk. Borrowers often assume a stable salary means a stable monthly bill, yet a change of band moves the threshold and therefore the repayment even when earnings are unchanged. Each country row also carries the exchange rate SLC uses for a full year, so local income is converted into pounds at a rate fixed in advance.
七档生活成本带：0.2 倍到 1.4 倍
把 2026/27 的 Plan 1 国家表逐行看下来，门槛其实只有七个数值，分别是 5,380、10,760、16,140、21,520、26,900、32,280 和 37,660 英镑。这七个数正好是英国门槛 26,900 英镑的 0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0、1.2 和 1.4 倍，所以每个国家身上真正起作用的只是那一个系数。同样的系数还决定了固定月供，基准 428 英镑乘以 0.2 得 85.60 英镑，乘以 1.4 得 599.20 英镑，与上表的七个数一一对应。也就是说，一个国家的生活成本档次定下之后，门槛和交不出材料时的月供同时按这个档次放大或缩小。这个结构在做预算时很省事，你只要查出所在国家属于哪一档，两件事都能直接算出来。
Reading the 2026/27 Plan 1 country table line by line, the thresholds take only seven values: 5,380, 10,760, 16,140, 21,520, 26,900, 32,280 and 37,660 pounds. Those are the UK threshold of 26,900 multiplied by 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2 and 1.4, so a single band per country drives everything. The same band sets the fixed monthly repayment, since 428 pounds multiplied by 0.2 gives 85.60 and by 1.4 gives 599.20, matching the thresholds one for one. Once you know your country's band, both the threshold and the demand for missing evidence can be worked out without hunting through the full table.
各国实际档次：从印度到百慕大
按 2026/27 的表，印度是 5,380 英镑的最低档，泰国和阿尔巴尼亚在 10,760 英镑，新加坡、葡萄牙、阿根廷落在 16,140 英镑。西班牙、阿联酋、比利时、安道尔这一组是 21,520 英镑，比英国本地门槛低两成。澳大利亚、加拿大、新西兰、奥地利与英国本土同档，都是 26,900 英镑。美国、巴哈马、巴巴多斯、美属萨摩亚升到 32,280 英镑，百慕大是全表最高的 37,660 英镑。去迪拜工作的人常觉得免税等于省钱，学生贷款这边往往相反，因为阿联酋的档次比英国低。档次由世界银行的价格水平数据决定，与你个人收入高低无关。
Real countries make the bands easier to read. In the 2026/27 table India sits in the lowest band at 5,380 pounds, while Thailand and Albania are at 10,760 and Singapore, Portugal and Argentina at 16,140. Spain, the United Arab Emirates, Belgium and Andorra come in at 21,520, a fifth below the UK threshold, whereas Australia, Canada, New Zealand and Austria match the UK figure of 26,900. The United States, the Bahamas, Barbados and American Samoa rise to 32,280, with Bermuda topping the table at 37,660. A tax-free salary in Dubai often feels like a saving, but on the loan side the lower Emirati band usually works against the borrower.
三步换算：当地货币折英镑，再减门槛
官方给的计算顺序只有三步，照着做就不会算错。先用表里给你的国家汇率，把当地货币的税前年收入折成英镑。再减掉该国的门槛。剩下的部分乘以 9%，再除以 12，就是每月还款额。以 2026/27 住在西班牙、年收入 33,000 欧元为例，汇率是 0.853461，折合 28,164.21 英镑；减去西班牙门槛 21,520 英镑，剩 6,644.21 英镑；9% 是 597.97 英镑，分摊到 12 个月是 49.83 英镑，官方按向下取整写成每月 49 英镑。同一份薪水放在 2025/26 的旧汇率与旧门槛下，月供是 53 英镑，一年就差出几十英镑。
The official method is three steps. Convert your gross annual income into pounds using the exchange rate printed for your country, subtract that country's threshold, then take 9 per cent of what remains and divide by twelve for the monthly figure. A Plan 1 borrower in Spain on 33,000 euros in 2026/27 converts at 0.853461 to 28,164.21 pounds; the Spanish threshold of 21,520 leaves 6,644.21, and 9 per cent of that is 597.97, or 49 pounds a month once SLC rounds down. Under the previous year's rate and threshold the same salary produced 53 pounds a month, a reminder that the annual reset moves repayments even when nothing about the job changes.
工资单怎么折算成年收入：3 个月与 12 周
SLC 不会只看你申报的年薪，它会用工资单来推算。按月发薪的人，取最近三个月的收入求平均，再乘以 12 得出税前年收入。按周发薪的人，取最近 12 周的平均收入，乘以 52。这意味着年终奖、季度奖金、加班费如果落在取样期里，会被一起放大成一整年的收入。有人在拿到大额奖金的第二个月提交工资单，年收入就被算高了，月供也跟着高。想避免这种情况，提交之前先按官方方法自己算一遍，必要时把取样期和雇主说明清楚。官方对收入的定义里明确写了奖金与加班费要算进去，两者都在税前口径。
SLC does not simply accept the salary figure you declare; it works from payslips. Monthly-paid borrowers have the last three months averaged and multiplied by twelve, and weekly-paid borrowers have the last twelve weeks averaged and multiplied by 52. Bonuses, overtime and commission landing inside that window are scaled up into a full-year figure, which is how a one-off payment can lift twelve months of repayments. Sending the paperwork in the month after a large bonus is a common mistake, and it is worth checking your own arithmetic against the official method first. The definition of income on gov.uk includes bonuses and overtime, taken before tax and other deductions.
交不出材料时的固定月供与欠款
如果 SLC 要不到你的收入信息，它不会等你，而是按国家档次直接下一个固定月供。在 2026/27 的 Plan 1 表里，最低档印度是每月 85.60 英镑，泰国 171.20 英镑，新加坡 256.80 英镑，西班牙与阿联酋 342 英镑，澳大利亚与加拿大 428 英镑，美国 513.60 英镑，最高档百慕大 599.20 英镑。这笔钱与你的真实收入无关，可能远高于按收入算出来的数字。没交材料又没还钱，欠款会一个月一个月累积，欠款属于总余额里逾期的部分，不是额外加收的罚金，但一样要还。gov.uk 的欠款指引写明，未更新就业信息时可能被要求每月固定还款，最高可达 618.80 英镑。有欠款的账户要直接联系 SLC 单独安排还款。
When SLC cannot obtain income evidence it applies a fixed monthly repayment from the country table instead of waiting. For 2026/27 the Plan 1 fixed amounts run from 85.60 pounds a month in India and 171.20 in Thailand, through 256.80 in Singapore and 342 in Spain or the UAE, to 428 in Australia and Canada, 513.60 in the United States and 599.20 in Bermuda. These demands are unrelated to what you actually earn and can sit well above any income-based figure. Unpaid, they turn into arrears, the overdue part of your balance rather than a separate penalty, and gov.uk's arrears guidance notes demands as high as 618.80 pounds a month where employment details are missing; those arrears have to be arranged with SLC directly and are not cleared by ordinary payroll deductions after a return to the UK.
离开英国满 3 个月必须更新就业信息
出境这件事本身有硬性时间线。离开英国超过三个月，无论你是搬家还是长期旅行，都要把新的就业信息告诉 SLC。除非你能拿出证明，比如近期的银行流水，说明当地收入低于该国门槛，否则默认你要继续还款。回英国之后同样要更新，这一步被忽略的次数远比出境时多。不更新的后果是 SLC 仍然按你原来居住国家的费率扣款，可能让你多付，也可能换来更高的利率。收入低于门槛不等于自动停缴，你需要主动提交证据把这个状态确认下来。境外账户的欠款与境内工资扣缴是两条线，回国后照常扣的工资不会自动冲掉之前累积的欠款。
Leaving the UK for more than three months triggers an obligation, whether you are moving abroad or travelling long term, because SLC has to be told about your new employment situation. Repayments are expected to continue unless you can produce evidence, such as a recent bank statement, that your overseas income sits below the country threshold. The same update is required when you return to the UK after more than three months away; borrowers forget this step far more often than the outbound one. Skip it and repayments carry on at the rate for the country you left, which can mean paying too much as well as a higher interest rate. Falling below the threshold does not stop the deductions by itself, because you have to prove the position.
计划混淆、地址失联与漏报奖金
最容易搞混的是计划本身。有人拿 Plan 2 的国家门槛去核对 Plan 1 的还款，两套表在同一个国家往往差出几千英镑，方向都可能相反。另一个常见的问题是把英国的免税额度当成海外门槛，这两件事其实没有任何关系，海外门槛看的是当地生活成本档次。搬家以后不更新地址和邮箱也很麻烦，海外收入评估表寄不到，账户会直接滑向固定月供。很多学生以为收入没变就不用重新核对，实际上门槛一换档，月供就变了。收入部分同样容易漏，只填基本工资、把奖金和加班留空，SLC 拿到工资单重算后会把差额补收回来。比较省事的做法是每年 4 月重设后用官方表把自己的国家和计划核对一遍，再决定要不要提交新的收入证明。
The plan itself is the easiest thing to get wrong. Borrowers compare Plan 2 country thresholds against a Plan 1 repayment, yet the two tables differ by thousands of pounds in the same country, sometimes in opposite directions. A second mistake is treating the UK personal allowance as an overseas threshold; the two are unrelated, because the overseas figure follows local living costs instead of tax rules. Failing to update an address or email also causes trouble, since the overseas income assessment form never arrives and the account drifts towards fixed monthly demands. Many borrowers assume an unchanged salary means nothing to check, although a shift of band moves the repayment on its own. Under-reporting matters too: leave out bonuses and overtime and SLC will recalculate from payslips and recover the difference.
Plan 1 的利率与别的计划不要混用
Plan 1 的利率算法与 Plan 2 完全不同，混着看很容易得出错误结论。Plan 1 取零售价格指数（RPI）与英国央行基准利率加 1% 中的较低者，每年 9 月 1 日按上一年 3 月的 RPI 重设，gov.uk 当前的 Plan 1 利率是 4.1%。这个利率不随你的收入浮动，收入高低只影响你还多少本金，不影响计息方式。Plan 2 用的是与收入挂钩的可变利率，收入不同利率不同，它的英国门槛在 2026/27 也更高，是 29,385 英镑，各国另有一套国家表。把 Plan 1 的美国门槛 32,280 英镑套到 Plan 2 上，就会少算一千多英镑的还款责任。先确认自己属于哪个计划，再去找对应的国家表，这个顺序不能颠倒。
Plan 1 interest is worked out differently from Plan 2, and mixing the two leads to wrong conclusions. Plan 1 pays the lower of the Retail Prices Index and the Bank of England base rate plus 1 per cent, reset each 1 September using the previous March's RPI, and gov.uk currently quotes 4.1 per cent for the plan. The rate does not move with your salary; income only decides how much principal is repaid, not how interest is calculated. Plan 2 uses an income-linked variable rate and its UK threshold for 2026/27 is higher at 29,385 pounds, with a separate set of country tables. Applying the Plan 1 figure of 32,280 pounds for the United States to a Plan 2 loan understates the obligation by more than a thousand pounds, so confirm the plan before opening any country table.
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