📚 Chemical Analysis Experiments: Key Operations and Exam Points | 化学分析实验：操作要点与常见考点归纳
Chemical analysis experiments demand precise measurement, patient technique, and clear reasoning. In examinations, candidates are often expected to describe procedures, choose equipment and indicators, perform mole calculations, and evaluate errors.
化学分析实验要求精准测量、规范操作和严密推理。考试中，考生常需描述操作步骤、选择合适的仪器与指示剂、完成摩尔计算并评价误差。
1. Common Apparatus and Washing | 常用仪器与洗涤
Key items include the burette, pipette, volumetric flask, analytical balance, crucible, filter funnel, and desiccator. Each piece has a specific calibration requirement: a pipette transfers a fixed volume, while a burette delivers variable volumes with a precision of about ±0.05 to ±0.10 cm³.
主要仪器包括滴定管、移液管、容量瓶、分析天平、坩埚、漏斗和干燥器。每件仪器都有特定用途：移液管转移固定体积的液体，滴定管则可读出约 ±0.05 至 ±0.10 cm³ 的可变体积。
Clean glassware with detergent and abundant tap water, then rinse with deionised water.
用洗涤剂和大量自来水清洗玻璃仪器，再用去离子水冲洗。
Do not dry a burette or pipette by heating; rinse it with the solution it will contain before use.
不要用加热方式烘干滴定管或移液管，使用前应用待装溶液润洗。
Check that water forms a uniform film on the glass; droplets that cling show grease is still present.
若水在玻璃表面形成均匀水膜，说明已洗净；若附着水滴则说明仍有油脂。
Use a pipette filler for corrosive or poisonous liquids; never pipette by mouth.
吸取腐蚀性或有毒液体时必须使用吸球，绝不能用嘴吸取。
2. Sample Preparation and Dissolution | 样品制备与溶解
Before analysis, solid samples must be ground to increase surface area, mixed thoroughly, and dried to constant mass if water content is being studied. The solvent must dissolve the complete analyte without causing physical loss or chemical change.
分析前，固体样品应研磨以增大表面积、充分混合；若研究含水量则需干燥至恒重。溶剂应能完全溶解待测物，且不造成机械损失或化学改变。
Weigh by difference to avoid moisture uptake and repeated handling: record m₁, transfer part of the sample, then record m₂; sample mass = m₁ - m₂.
采用差减法称量以避免吸潮和反复操作：记录 m₁，转移部分样品后记录 m₂，样品质量 = m₁ - m₂。
Dissolve the sample in a
Published by TutorHao | Chemistry Revision Series | aleveler.com
广告 / SponsoredPearson Chemistry for the IB Diploma Programme Standard Lev…化学 备考教辅 · 正版现货 · 与本文内容相关查看详情 / View on Taobao参考价 ¥524.0更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）
备考资讯每日更新，关注不错过考纲变化 · 科目分析 · 学习方法
在微信里长按二维码识别关注
或截图后用「扫一扫 → 相册」选择本图公众号：tutorhao