📚 Techniques for Setting Up Equations from Word Problems | 根据题意列出方程的技巧
One of the most challenging steps in solving word problems is transforming written language into a mathematical equation. Many students can solve an equation once it is written, but struggle to construct it from a paragraph of text. This article presents a systematic, step-by-step approach to identifying unknowns, recognising mathematical relationships, and building equations that faithfully represent the problem.
解应用题最具挑战性的步骤之一，就是将文字语言转化为数学方程。许多同学一旦看到方程就能求解，但面对一段文字却不知如何入手。本文将介绍一套系统化的方法，帮助大家识别未知量、发现数量关系，并列出能准确反映题意的方程。
1. Read the Problem Thoroughly | 完整阅读题目
The first step is to read the problem carefully, at least twice. On the first reading, get an overall sense of the situation. On the second reading, underline or highlight every piece of numerical information and every word that describes a relationship between quantities.
第一步是仔细阅读题目，至少读两遍。第一遍通读，了解问题的整体情境；第二遍精读，圈划出所有数值信息，以及描述数量之间关系的词语。
Ask yourself three questions during this stage: What is the problem asking me to find? What information has been given? Is there a hidden relationship that connects the quantities?
在这一阶段，请自问三个问题：题目要求我求什么？题目给了哪些已知信息？是否存在连接各数量之间关系的隐含条件？
For example, in the statement, 'The sum of two consecutive integers is 45,' the word 'consecutive' tells you the relationship between the two numbers, while 'sum' and '45' provide the numerical connection. Recognising these clues early makes the rest of the process much easier.
例如，在"两个连续整数之和为45"这句话中，"连续"一词告诉了我们两个数之间的关系，"和"和"45"提供了数值联系。尽早识别这些线索，会让后续的步骤轻松许多。
2. Define Variables for the Unknowns | 为未知量设定变量
Once you understand the problem, identify the unknown quantity or quantities. Choose a clear variable, such as x, y, or n, to represent the main unknown. Then express
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