📚 Pearson IB Physics HL — Full TOC & OCR Mapping | 培生IB物理HL完整目录与OCR考纲对照
This guide unpacks the Pearson Baccalaureate IB Physics HL textbook chapter by chapter, giving you a complete Table of Contents (TOC) that functions as both a study map and a revision checklist. We also cross-reference every IB topic with the OCR A-Level Physics specification, so students moving between the two systems can instantly see which concepts overlap and which are unique to each syllabus.
本指南逐章拆解培生IB物理HL教材，提供一份既可作为学习地图、也可作为复习清单的完整目录（TOC）。我们还将每个IB主题与OCR A-level物理考纲交叉对照，帮助在两套体系之间切换的学生一眼看出哪些概念重叠、哪些为各自独有。
1. IB Physics HL at a Glance | IB物理HL概览
IB Physics HL is a two-year course built on eight core topics, four Higher Level extension topics (9–12), and one optional module selected by the teacher. The final grade comes from three written examination papers plus the Internal Assessment (IA), which counts for one-fifth of the total score.
IB物理HL是一门两年制课程，包含八个核心主题、四个高级别扩展主题（9–12），以及由教师选择的一个选修模块。最终成绩由三份笔试试卷和内部评估（IA）构成，内部评估占总分的五分之一。
| Assessment Component | 评估部分 | Weight | 权重 | Format | 形式 |
|---|---|---|
| Paper 1 | 试卷一 | 20% | 40 multiple-choice questions (MCQ) | 40道选择题 |
| Paper 2 | 试卷二 | 36% | Long-answer and data-based questions | 论述题与数据分析题 |
| Paper 3 | 试卷三 | 24% | Practical/data questions plus option module | 实验题加选修模块题 |
| Internal Assessment | 内部评估 | 20% | One scientific investigation (10 h) | 一项科学探究（10小时） |
2. Core Topics 1–5 in the Pearson Edition | 培生版核心主题1–5
The first five units form the backbone of every IB Physics course. The Pearson textbook presents them in the official IB order, with worked examples embedded in each section. Use the table below as a quick TOC reference before diving into the full chapters.
前五个单元构成所有IB物理课程的主体。培生教材按官方IB顺序编排，并在每节中嵌入例题。下表可作为快速目录参考，再进入完整章节深入学习。
| Unit | 单元 | IB Topic | IB主题 | Key Content | 核心内容 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Measurements and Uncertainties | 测量与不确定度 | SI units, orders of magnitude, significant figures, absolute/fractional/percentage uncertainties | 国际单位制、数量级、有效数字、绝对/分数/百分不确定度 |
| 2 | Mechanics | 力学 | Kinematics, forces, work-energy, momentum, projectile and circular basics | 运动学、力、功与能、动量、抛体与基础圆周运动 |
| 3 | Thermal Physics | 热物理 | Temperature scales, internal energy, specific heat, latent heat, kinetic model of gases | 温标、内能、比热容、潜热、气体分子运动模型 |
| 4 | Waves | 波 | Wave properties, standing waves, sound, Doppler, interference, diffraction | 波的性质、驻波、声波、多普勒效应、干涉、衍射 |
| 5 | Electricity and Magnetism | 电磁学 | Electric fields, current, circuits, magnetic fields, forces on charges | 电场、电流、电路、磁场、带电粒子受力 |
Each chapter opens with a "Standards" box linking directly to the IB guide, which makes the Pearson edition particularly useful for targeted revision. When you finish a chapter, tick it off in this TOC-style list.
每章开头都有“标准（Standards）”框，直接对应IB大纲，因此培生版尤其适合针对性复习。每完成一章，就在这份目录式清单中打勾标记。
3. Core Topics 6–8: Completing the SL Core | 核心主题6–8：完成SL核心
Units 6, 7 and 8 finish the Standard Level core. Although they are shorter in number of subtopics, they carry heavy conceptual weight and often appear as multi-part exam questions.
第6、7、8单元完成了标准级核心内容。虽然子主题数量较少，但概念分量重，常以多小问形式出现在考题中。
Unit 6 — Circular Motion and Gravitation | 单元6——圆周运动与引力
Centripetal acceleration, a = v²/r, gravitational field strength, Newton's law of gravitation, orbital motion.
向心加速度 a = v²/r、引力场强度、牛顿万有引力定律、轨道运动。
Unit 7 — Atomic, Nuclear and Particle Physics | 单元7——原子、核与粒子物理
Atomic spectra, Bohr model, radioactive decay, half-life, nuclear reactions, fundamental particles, quarks and leptons.
原子光谱、玻尔模型、放射性衰变、半衰期、核反应、基本粒子、夸克与轻子。
Unit 8 — Energy Production | 单元8——能源生产
Fossil fuels, renewable sources, solar power, wind energy, hydroelectric power, nuclear fission.
化石燃料、可再生能源、太阳能、风能、水力发电、核裂变。
These three topics connect strongly to OCR's thermal and astrophysics modules, so a shared keyword list helps both exam routes.
这三个主题与OCR热物理和天体物理模块联系紧密，共享一份关键词列表能同时帮助两条考试路线。
4. HL Extension Topics 9–12 | HL扩展主题9–12
Higher Level students must go beyond the core. The Pearson textbook clearly labels these units as "HL only," saving mixed-ability classes from confusion.
高级别学生必须超出核心内容。培生教材将这些单元明确标注为“仅限HL”，避免混合能力班级产生混淆。
Topic 9 — Wave Phenomena | 主题9——波动现象
Simple harmonic motion, single-slit and multiple-slit diffraction, resolution, polarization, Doppler effect for light.
简谐运动、单缝与多缝衍射、分辨本领、偏振、光的多普勒效应。
Topic 10 — Fields | 主题10——场
Gravitational and electric potential, field comparisons, potential energy and equipotential surfaces.
引力势与电势、场比较、势能与等势面。
Topic 11 — Electromagnetic Induction | 主题11——电磁感应
Magnetic flux, Faraday's law, Lenz's law, AC generators, transformers, eddy currents.
磁通量、法拉第定律、楞次定律、交流发电机、变压器、涡电流。
Topic 12 — Quantum and Nuclear Physics | 主题12——量子与核物理
Photoelectric effect, de Broglie wavelength, wave–particle duality, nuclear energy levels, radioactivity.
光电效应、德布罗意波长、波粒二象性、核能级、放射性。
These four topics are prime candidates for Paper 2 extended-response questions, especially 9 and 12 which frequently appear as 8–10 point items.
这四大主题是试卷二论述题的高频来源，尤其是主题9和12，经常以8–10分大题出现。
5. Options and the Internal Assessment | 选修模块与内部评估
The Pearson edition includes four optional modules: A Relativity, B Engineering Physics, C Imaging, and D Astrophysics. OCR students will find strong parallels with their own optional topics in astrophysics and medical physics.
培生版包含四个选修模块：A相对论、B工程物理、C成像、D天体物理。OCR学生会在自己的天体物理和医学物理选修主题中找到高度对应内容。
Option A — Relativity | 选修A——相对论
Postulates of special relativity, time dilation, length contraction, mass–energy equivalence E = mc².
狭义相对论假设、时间膨胀、长度收缩、质能等价 E = mc²。
Option D — Astrophysics | 选修D——天体物理
Stellar classification, black-body radiation, luminosity, Hubble's law, cosmology.
恒星分类、黑体辐射、光度、哈勃定律、宇宙学。
For the IA, the Pearson textbook provides a six-criteria rubric. Use the TOC-style "Investigation Plan" in Chapter 1 as your project skeleton.
对于内部评估，培生教材提供了六项标准评分细则。使用第一章中的“探究计划”目录式框架作为项目骨架。
6. OCR A-Level Physics: Specification Overlap | OCR A-level物理：考纲重叠分析
OCR A-Level Physics A (H556) is organised into six modules. IB and OCR share much of the same classical physics, but the examination style differs significantly: OCR emphasises "Levels of Response" essays, while IB rewards quantitative problem chains.
OCR A-level物理A（H556）分为六个模块。IB与OCR在经典物理部分重叠很多，但考试风格差异显著：OCR强调“应答等级”论述，IB则侧重定量解题链条。
| OCR Module | OCR模块 | Corresponding IB Topic | 对应IB主题 | Key Difference | 关键差异 |
|---|---|---|
| 2. Foundations in Physics | 物理基础 | Topic 1 | 主题1 | OCR adds SI prefixes and estimation explicitly tested in Paper 1 | OCR明确考察SI词头与估算 |
| 3. Forces and Motion | 力与运动 | Topics 2, 6 | 主题2、6 | OCR includes SHM in this module, IB places it in Topic 9 | OCR将简谐运动放入该模块，IB放入主题9 |
| 4. Electrons, Waves and Photons | 电子、波与光子 | Topics 4, 5, 12 | 主题4、5、12 | OCR separates DC circuits and quantum; IB combines fields early | OCR将直流电路与量子分开，IB早期合并场 |
| 5. Newtonian World & Astrophysics | 牛顿世界与天体物理 | Topics 3, 8, Option D | 主题3、8、选修D | OCR requires stellar evolution narrative; IB prefers calculations | OCR要求恒星演化叙述，IB偏好计算 |
| 6. Particles and Medical Physics | 粒子与医学物理 | Topic 7, Option C | 主题7、选修C | OCR covers medical imaging in depth; IB keeps it optional | OCR深入讲解医学成像，IB仅作为选修 |
If you are preparing for both boards, prioritise mechanics and waves first; they carry roughly equal marks in both qualifications.
如果同时备考两套体系，请优先复习力学与波；这两部分在两套考试中所占分值大致相同。
7. Key Equations to Memorise | 必须记忆的关键方程
Equations are equation — you will need them in both IB Papers 1–3 and OCR Papers 1–2. The Pearson TOC lists them in each chapter's summary box; here are the most test-critical ones.
方程是考试的核心工具——IB试卷一至三和OCR试卷一、二都需要它们。培生目录在各章小结框中列出这些方程；以下是最常考的几个。
v = u + at
s = ut + ½at²
F = Gm₁m₂ / r²
E = hf
p = h / λ
ε = −N ΔΦ / Δt
PV = nRT
Notice the minus sign in Faraday's law is always tested at HL. In OCR papers, the same law appears with Lenz's law as a descriptive component.
注意法拉第定律中的负号是HL必考点。在OCR试卷中，同一规律会附带楞次定律的叙述性考点。
8. Common Mistakes in IB HL Exams | IB HL考试常见错误
Cross-marking thousands of IB scripts reveals repeating pitfalls. The Pearson practice questions highlight exactly these traps in their worked solutions.
IB阅卷反馈显示，考生存在反复出现的错误。培生教材的例题详解恰好标出了这些陷阱。
Significant figures — using 3 sf in data while the question requires 2 sf; always match the least precise data value.
有效数字——数据要求2位有效数字却写成3位；务必与最不精确的数据保持一致。
Vector direction — forgetting to resolve components in projectile and force problems.
矢量方向——抛体和受力问题中忘记分解分量。
Unit conversions — mixing cm and m, or eV and J, in the same equation.
单位换算——同一方程中混用厘米与米、电子伏与焦耳。
Uncertainty rules — adding absolute uncertainties for sums, adding percentage uncertainties for products.
不确定度规则——求和时加绝对不确定度，求乘积时加百分不确定度。
Field direction — drawing electric field lines from positive to negative, but magnetic field lines from geographical north to south is a classic mix-up.
场方向——电场线从正到负，而地磁场线从地理北极到南极，这是经典混淆。
Write a "mark-loser diary" while doing past papers; then revisit this list before each mock.
做真题时建立“失分日记”，每次模拟考之前重读这份清单。
9. Six-Month Revision Plan | 六个月复习计划
A TOC works best when converted into a timeline. Here is a realistic six-month plan that covers all twelve IB topics plus OCR overlap weeks.
目录只有转化为时间表才能发挥最大作用。下面是一份可行的六个月计划，覆盖全部十二个IB主题，并加入OCR重合周。
| Month | 月份 | Focus | 重点 | Deliverable | 产出 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Topics 1–2 | 主题1–2 | Complete all Pearson section questions | 完成培生全部章节题 |
| 2 | Topics 3–5 | 主题3–5 | Summary sheets with all formula triangles | 公式三角总结表 |
| 3 | Topics 6–8 | 主题6–8 | Data-analysis drill from Paper 3 | 试卷三数据分析训练 |
| 4 | Topics 9–10 | 主题9–10 | HL-only problem sets | HL专项题集 |
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