📚 Organic Reaction Types & Problem-Solving Strategies | 有机反应类型与解题思路
Organic chemistry is often seen as a test of memory, but the most successful students treat it as a system of reaction types. Once you can classify a transformation as substitution, addition, elimination, oxidation/reduction, hydrolysis or polymerisation, you can predict products, conditions and mechanisms much more confidently. This article reviews the main organic reaction types and gives you a practical set of problem-solving strategies for exam questions.
有机化学常被看作对记忆力的考验，但最优秀的学生会把它当作一套反应类型系统。一旦你能把某个转化归类为取代、加成、消除、氧化/还原、水解或聚合，你就能更自信地预测产物、反应条件和机理。本文回顾主要的有机反应类型，并为你提供一套实用的解题思路，帮助应对考试题目。
1. The Core Idea: Bonds Breaking and Forming | 核心思想：断键与成键
An organic reaction can be recognised by a change in the functional group. The functional group is the atom or group of atoms responsible for the chemical behaviour of a molecule. When you see a reaction, first locate the functional group and then classify the type of bond change. This single habit turns a list of unrelated facts into a connected pattern.
有机反应可以通过官能团的变化来识别。官能团是决定分子化学行为的原子或原子团。看到一个反应时，先找到官能团，再判断键的变化类型。这一个习惯可以把一堆
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