📚 AP Physics Formula Summary and Application Tips | AP物理公式归纳与应用技巧
The AP Physics exams (Physics 1, Physics 2, and Physics C) are concept-rich and calculation-heavy. Knowing the right formula is only half the battle; you must also know when and how to apply it. This guide summarizes the most important equations from the major topics and provides practical problem-solving tips to help you avoid common mistakes and boost your score.
AP物理考试（AP物理1、AP物理2和AP物理C）既注重概念，也注重计算。记住正确的公式只是成功的一半；更重要的是知道何时以及如何使用它们。本指南总结了各大核心考点中最关键的公式，并给出实用的解题技巧，帮助你避免常见错误、提高分数。
1. Kinematics | 运动学
Constant-acceleration kinematics is the foundation of mechanics. The key is to identify known and unknown quantities and choose one equation that links them.
匀加速运动学是力学的基础。关键是明确已知量和未知量，并选择联系它们的一个方程。
v = v₀ + at
x = v₀t + ½at²
v² = v₀² + 2ax
For two-dimensional projectile motion, treat horizontal and vertical motion separately. The horizontal acceleration is zero, and the vertical acceleration is -g.
对于二维抛体运动，应将水平与竖直运动分别处理。水平方向加速度为零，竖直方向加速度为 -g。
x = v0xt, y = v0yt - ½gt²
Choose a sign convention and stick with it. Displacement, velocity, and acceleration must share the same axis.
选定一个正方向并保持一致。位移、速度和加速度必须在同一坐标轴上判断正负。
In projectile motion, the time to reach maximum height can be found by setting vy = 0.
在抛体运动中，令 vy = 0 即可求出到达最高点的时间。
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