📚 IGCSE Economics: Definition of Supply and Factors Affecting Supply | IGCSE经济学：供给的定义与影响因素
In economics, understanding supply is essential for analysing how markets work. Alongside demand, supply forms one of the fundamental building blocks of market behaviour. This article provides a clear, exam-focused explanation of the definition of supply and the key factors that influence it, tailored specifically for the CIE IGCSE Economics syllabus.
在经济学中，理解供给是分析市场运作的关键。供给与需求并列为市场行为的基本支柱。本文针对CIE IGCSE经济学考纲，围绕供给的定义及其主要影响因素，提供清晰且紧扣考点的讲解。
1. The Definition of Supply | 供给的定义
Supply refers to the quantity of a good or service that producers are willing and able to sell at a given price over a particular period of time. The phrase 'willing and able' is crucial: a producer must both want to sell the good and have the resources needed to produce it. Therefore, supply is not the same as the total stock of goods available on the market; it is a planned quantity that depends on price and other market conditions.
供给是指生产者在某一特定时期内，在给定价格水平下愿意并且能够出售的商品或服务的数量。'愿意并且能够'这一表述至关重要：生产者必须既有出售意愿，又有生产该商品所需的资源。因此，供给不等于市场上现有的商品存量，它是一个取决于价格和其他市场条件的计划数量。
A common exam error is confusing 'supply' with 'quantity supplied'. Quantity supplied is the exact amount producers are willing to sell at one specific price. Supply, in contrast, describes the entire relationship between price and quantity supplied. In other words, 'supply' refers to the whole supply curve, while 'quantity supplied' refers to a single point on that curve.
考试中常见的错误是将'供给'与'供给量'混为一谈。供给量是指在某一特定价格下生产者愿意出售的具体数量；而供给描述的是价格与供给量之间的整体关系。换言之，'供给'指整条供给曲线，而'供给量'指该曲线上的某一个点。
2. The Law of Supply | 供给定律
The law of supply states that, ceteris paribus (all other things being equal), when the price of a good rises, the quantity supplied rises; when the price falls, the quantity supplied also falls. There is
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