← 返回资讯屏轩教育 · 行业资讯

Solving Minimum Value and Quadratic Inequality: Example 3.5.1 | 求最小值与二次不等式:例 3.5.1

2026-08-30 06:21 · 本文部分内容由AI辅助创作

📚 Solving Minimum Value and Quadratic Inequality: Example 3.5.1 | 求最小值与二次不等式:例 3.5.1

This worked example demonstrates how to find the minimum value of a quadratic function using the method of completing the square, and then applies the result to solve a quadratic inequality. The problem is taken from a typical AQA A-Level Mathematics exercise.

本例题演示如何通过配方法(completing the square)求二次函数的最小值,并利用所得结果解二次不等式。本题选自 AQA A-Level 数学的典型练习。

n vertex form, identify the minimum point, and then solve the inequality 2x² − 8x + 5 ≥ 3.

所研究的函数为 y = 2x² − 8x + 5。我们首先将其改写为顶点式,找出最小值点,然后解不等式 2x² − 8x + 5 ≥ 3。


1. Completing the Square | 配方法

rst factor out the coefficient of x² from the first two terms. Here, a = 2, b = −8, c = 5.

对于形如 ax² + bx + c 的二次式,我们先从前两项中提出 x² 的系数。此处 a = 2,b = −8,c = 5。

We factor out 2 from the terms involving x:

我们从含 x 的项中提出 2:

y = 2(x² − 4x) + 5

= (x − 2)² − 4. This works because (x − 2)² = x² − 4x + 4, so we subtract 4 to compensate.

接下来,在括号内对 x² − 4x 配方。利用公式 x² − 4x = (x − 2)² − 4。这是因为 (x − 2)² = x² − 4x + 4,因此减去 4 以保持相等。

Substituting this back gives:

将其代回得到:

y = 2[(x − 2)² − 4] + 5


2. Simplifying to Vertex Form | 化简为顶点式

We now expand the bracket and simplify the constant terms:

现在我们展开括号并合并常数项:

y = 2(x − 2)² − 8 + 5

y = 2(x − 2)² − 3

ertex form of the quadratic, written as y = a(x − h)² + k, where a = 2, h = 2, and k = −3.

这就是该二次函数的顶点式,写作 y = a(x − h)² + k,其中 a = 2,h = 2,k = −3。

parabola opens upwards, and the vertex (h, k) = (2, −3) is the minimum point of the curve.

由于 a = 2 > 0,抛物线开口向上,因此顶点 (h, k) = (2, −3) 是曲线的最小值点。


3. Minimum Value and Its x-coordinate | 最小值及对应的 x 值

k, because the squared term (x − 2)² is always non-negative, and is zero only when x = 2.

由顶点式可知,函数的最小值就是 k 的值,因为平方项 (x − 2)² 始终非负,且仅当 x = 2 时为零。

Answer: The minimum value is y = −3, attained at x = 2.

答案: 最小值为 y = −3,在 x = 2 时取得。

Equivalently, the minimum point on the curve is (2, −3).

等价地,曲线上的最小点为 (2, −3)。


4. Setting Up the Inequality | 建立不等式

3. Using the vertex form we derived, we substitute y = 2(x − 2)² − 3 into the inequality.

题目要求解 2x² − 8x + 5 ≥ 3。利用已得到的顶点式,我们将 y = 2(x − 2)² − 3 代入该不等式。

2(x − 2)² − 3 ≥ 3

Adding 3 to both sides:

两边同时加上 3:

2(x − 2)² ≥ 6

Dividing both sides by 2:

两边同时除以 2:

(x − 2)² ≥ 3


5. Solving the Reduced Inequality | 解化简后的不等式

quare. We must consider both the positive and negative square roots, because x − 2 could be either large enough or negative enough.

不等式 (x − 2)² ≥ 3 涉及平方项。我们必须同时考虑正负平方根,因为 x − 2 可能足够大,也可能足够负。

Taking square roots gives two cases:

开平方得到两种情况:

x − 2 ≤ −√3  or  x − 2 ≥ √3

Adding 2 to both sides of each inequality:

每个不等式两边同时加上 2:

x ≤ 2 − √3  or  x ≥ 2 + √3


6. Writing the Solution Set | 写出解集

The solution to the original inequality is therefore the union of two intervals:

因此,原不等式的解集是两个区间的并集:

x ∈ (−∞, 2 − √3] ∪ [2 + √3, ∞)

Using approximate values, √3 ≈ 1.732, so 2 − √3 ≈ 0.268 and 2 + √3 ≈ 3.732. Thus the solution is approximately x ≤ 0.268 or x ≥ 3.732.

取近似值 √3 ≈ 1.732,则 2 − √3 ≈ 0.268,2 + √3 ≈ 3.732。因此解约为 x ≤ 0.268 或 x ≥ 3.732。

e parabola y = 2x² − 8x + 5 is above the horizontal line y = 3 on the two outer intervals.

这些值可以通过图像验证:抛物线 y = 2x² − 8x + 5 在两条外侧区间上位于水平线 y = 3 之上。


广告 / Sponsored

7. Graphical Interpretation | 图像解读

ne y = 3 intersects the curve at two points, which are exactly the boundary values x = 2 − √3 and x = 2 + √3.

顶点 (2, −3) 是抛物线的最低点。水平线 y = 3 与曲线相交于两点,恰好是边界值 x = 2 − √3 和 x = 2 + √3。

is interval, the curve lies above the line. This matches the algebraic solution perfectly.

在这两个 x 值之间的区间上,曲线位于直线 y = 3 的下方;在这个区间之外,曲线位于直线上方。这与代数解完全吻合。

Interval Test value x y = 2x² − 8x + 5 ≥ 3?
(−∞, 0.268) 0 5 Yes
(0.268, 3.732) 2 −3 No
(3.732, ∞) 5 15 Yes

8. Common Mistakes to Avoid | 常见错误提醒

Mistake 1: Forgetting to divide by the coefficient a when completing the square. Always factor it out first.

错误一: 配方时忘记除以系数 a。应当先把 a 提出来。

Mistake 2: When solving x² ≥ a, writing only x ≥ √a and missing the negative branch. Remember to include x ≤ −√a.

错误二: 解 x² ≥ a 时只写 x ≥ √a,遗漏了负分支。记得要包含 x ≤ −√a。

Mistake 3: Adding 2 incorrectly to 2 − √3. The left boundary is exactly 2 − √3, not √3 − 2.

错误三: 将 2 − √3 错误地写成 √3 − 2。左边界就是 2 − √3。


9. General Method Summary | 一般方法总结

completing the square to obtain y = a(x − h)² + k, where h = −b/(2a) and k = c − b²/(4a).

对任意 a > 0 的二次函数 y = ax² + bx + c,通过配方化为 y = a(x − h)² + k 即可求出最小值,其中 h = −b/(2a),k = c − b²/(4a)。

itical points, and test intervals. For ≥, include the critical points in the solution set.

解二次不等式时,先将一边化为零,再因式分解或配方,找出关键点,并用区间测试法确定解集。对于 ≥ 型不等式,关键点应包含在解集中。


10. Extension and Practice | 拓展与练习

Try these related problems to solidify your understanding:

尝试以下相关练习以巩固理解:

, y = 3(x + 2)² − 19, so the minimum is −19 at x = −2. For the second, the solution is 2 − √3 ≤ x ≤ 2 + √3. The third problem gives x < 2 − √3/2 or x > 2 + √3/2.

第一题中,y = 3(x + 2)² − 19,因此最小值为 −19,在 x = −2 时取得。第二题的解为 2 − √3 ≤ x ≤ 2 + √3。第三题的解为 x < 2 − √3/2 或 x > 2 + √3/2。


Published by TutorHao | Mathematics Revision Series | aleveler.com

广告 / Sponsored
ALevel国际高中数学课程 剑桥牛津培生 CAIE Edexcel AQA国际考试局 课本练习册复习指南 英文教材进…
数学 备考教辅 · 正版现货 · 与本文内容相关
查看详情 / View on Taobao参考价 ¥69.8

更多咨询请联系16621398022(同微信)

备考资讯每日更新,关注不错过
考纲变化 · 科目分析 · 学习方法
扫码关注公众号 tutorhao
在微信里长按二维码识别关注
或截图后用「扫一扫 → 相册」选择本图
公众号:tutorhao