📚 Safety in the Laboratory | 实验室安全
Laboratory safety is a crucial foundation for all chemistry work. Understanding how to work safely protects you and your classmates from accidents, and it is also a key topic in the IGCSE Chemistry syllabus.
实验室安全是所有化学工作的关键基础。了解如何安全操作可以保护你和你同学免于意外，同时也是 IGCSE 化学课程中的关键考点。
1. Why Laboratory Safety Matters | 为什么实验室安全重要
Chemistry laboratories contain chemicals, glassware, flames and electrical equipment. The risk of injury or damage is real, but most accidents can be prevented by following clear safety rules.
化学实验室中接触到药品、玻璃器皿、火焰和电器设备。受伤或损坏的风险确实存在，但只要遵守明确的安全规则，大多数事故都可以避免。
Always read the experiment instructions before starting work. Work calmly and carefully.
开始实验前务必通读实验说明。保持镇定并细心地操作。
Report any accident, breakage or spilled chemical to your teacher immediately.
任何意外、玻璃破损或化学品泄漏都要立刻报告老师。
Think about what you are doing; the laboratory is a place for disciplined work, not for play.
时刻想清楚自己正在做什么；实验室是进行严谨工作的地方，而不是玩耍的场所。
Doing chemistry safely not only protects you, but also makes your results more reliable and helps you build good laboratory habits.
安全地进行化学实验不仅保护你，还会让你的实验结果更可靠，并帮助你养成优秀的实验习惯。
2. Common Hazard Symbols | 常见危险警示标识
You need to be able to recognise the international hazard symbols that appear on chemical containers. Each symbol tells you about the main danger from the substance.
你需要能够辨认化学试剂瓶上常见的国际危险符号。每个符号都提示该物质的主要危险性。
| Hazard symbol 危险符号 |
Meaning 含义 |
Example 示例 |
| Flammable 易燃 |
Catches fire easily 容易着火 |
Ethanol, hexane 乙醇、己烷 |
| Corrosive 腐蚀性 |
Damages skin and eyes 损坏皮肤和眼睛 |
Concentrated sulfuric acid, NaOH 浓硫酸、氢氧化钠 |
| Toxic 有毒 |
Can cause poisoning 可导致中毒 |
Lead compounds, methanol 铅化合物、甲醇 |
| Oxidising 助氧化 / 氧化性 |
Speeds up burning; may cause fire 加速燃烧；可能引发火灾 |
Hydrogen peroxide, potassium nitrate 过氧化氢、硝酸钾 |
| Harmful / Irritant 有害 / 刺激性 |
May irritate skin, eyes or breathing 可能刺激皮肤、眼睛或呼吸 |
Dilute ammonia, chlorinated solvents 稀氨水、氯化溶剂 |
In the IGCSE exam you may be asked to match a symbol to its meaning or to explain why a particular substance is labelled as corrosive or toxic.
在 IGCSE 考试中，你可能会被要求将符号与含义配对，或解释为什么某种物质被标注为腐蚀性或有毒。
3. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) | 个人防护装备
Whenever you work in the laboratory, you should wear the correct protective clothing and equipment. Protecting your eyes is especially important because chemical splashes can cause permanent damage.
无论在实验室做什么实验，你都应该穿戴正确的防护
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