📚 Work Done and Energy Transfer | 做功与能量转移
In the Edexcel IGCSE Science syllabus, the idea of work done is one of the most important links between forces and energy. Understanding this topic helps you solve numerical problems, explain energy transfers, and avoid common mistakes in exams.
在 Edexcel IGCSE 科学大纲中，做功是连接力与能量最重要的概念之一。理解做功，不仅能帮助您解决数值计算问题，还能解释能量转移过程，并在考试中避开常见误区。
1. What is Work Done? | 什么是功？
Work is done when a force is applied to an object and the object moves in the direction of the force. In everyday life we say that we 'work' whenever we do something tiring, but in physics the word has a precise meaning.
当物体受到一个力并沿力的方向移动时，我们就说这个力做了功。日常生活中，只要做了令人疲劳的事情，我们都会说“工作”，但在物理学中，“做功”这个词有严格的定义。
No movement means no work. If you push a wall and the wall does not move, you may be using energy, but in the physics sense you have done no work on the wall.
没有移动就没有做功。如果你推一堵墙而墙没有移动，虽然你可能消耗了能量，但从物理学的角度看，你对墙并没有做功。
2. The Formula W = F × d | 功的公式 W = F × d
For a force acting along the same direction as the motion, the work done is calculated using:
当力的方向与运动方向相同时，做功的计算公式为：
W = F × d
Where W is work done in joules (J), F is the
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