📚 Enzymes: The Biological Catalysts | 酶：生物催化剂
Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up the rate of chemical reactions in living organisms without being changed or used up in the process. They control virtually every metabolic reaction in the body, from the breakdown of food in digestion to the replication of DNA in cell division. Understanding enzymes is a fundamental requirement for Edexcel IGCSE Science, and questions on this topic appear regularly in examination papers.
酶是生物催化剂，能在生物体内加速化学反应速率，而自身在反应过程中不被改变或消耗。它们控制着体内几乎所有的代谢反应，从消化中食物的分解到细胞分裂中DNA的复制。理解酶是Edexcel IGCSE科学的基本要求，该主题的考题在试卷中经常出现。
1. What Are Enzymes? | 什么是酶？
Enzymes are protein molecules made up of long chains of amino acids. These chains fold into a specific three-dimensional shape, which is critical to their function. Every enzyme contains a region called the active site - a small pocket or groove into which the substrate (the reactant molecule) fits precisely.
酶是由长链氨基酸构成的蛋白质分子。这些链折叠成特定的三维形状，对其功能至关重要。每种酶都包含一个称为活性位点的区域——一个容纳底物（反应物分子）精确嵌入的小口袋或凹槽。
Enzymes are highly specific. This means each enzyme can only catalyse one type of reaction because
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