📚 Particle Model and Changes of State | 粒子模型与状态变化
In the IGCSE Science course (Edexcel), the particle model is a key concept that explains the physical properties of materials. In this article, we will review the three states of matter, the changes between them, and the energy transfers involved.
在Edexcel IGCSE科学课程中，粒子模型是解释物质物理性质的关键概念。本文将复习物质的三态、它们之间的变化以及伴随的能量转移。
1. The Three States of Matter | 物质的三种状态
Atoms and molecules are the tiny particles that make up all substances. How these particles are arranged and how they move determines whether a material is a solid, a liquid or a gas.
原子和分子是构成所有物质的微小粒子。这些粒子如何排列以及如何运动，决定了材料是固体、液体还是气体。
A solid has a definite shape and volume because its particles are packed closely together in a regular arrangement. The particles vibrate about fixed positions.
固体有确定的形状和体积，因为其粒子以规则排列紧密堆积。粒子在固定位置附近振动。
A liquid has a definite volume but no fixed shape. Its particles are close together but arranged irregularly
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