📚 Microeconomic Decision Makers | 微观经济决策者
Microeconomics studies the choices made by individual economic agents and the interactions between them. For Cambridge IGCSE Economics, the most important microeconomic decision makers are households, workers, trade unions and firms.
微观经济学研究单个经济主体所做的选择以及它们之间的相互影响。在剑桥 IGCSE 经济学课程中，最重要的微观经济决策者包括家庭、劳动者、工会与企业。
1. Introducing the Decision Makers | 决策者概览
Every economy must answer three basic questions: what to produce, how to produce, and for whom to produce. These questions are resolved through the decisions of individual consumers and producers.
每个经济体都必须回答三个基本问题：生产什么、如何生产、为谁生产。这些问题依赖于个体消费者与生产者的决策来解决。
Households and workers supply factors of production and create demand for goods and services. Firms combine resources to produce goods and services. Trade unions influence the terms on which workers sell their labour.
家庭与劳动者提供生产要素，并形成对商品和服务的需求。企业组合资源以生产商品和服务。工会则影响劳动者出售劳动的条件。
All of these decisions involve an opportunity cost, because every choice uses scarce resources that could have been used elsewhere.
所有这些决策都涉及机会成本，因为每一个选择都会使用稀缺资源，而这些资源本可以用于其他用途。
2. Households: Income, Spending, Saving and Borrowing | 家庭：收入、支出、储蓄与借贷
A household is one person or a group of people who live together and make joint financial decisions. Households are important decision makers because they supply labour and decide how income is used.
家庭指单独一个人或共同生活并共同作出财务决策的一群人。家庭是重要的决策者，因为他们提供劳动，并决定收入如何使用。
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