📚 Edexcel A Level Programming Operators | Edexcel A Level 编程运算符
Operators are the building blocks of expressions in programming. They act on one or more values called operands to produce a new value or a Boolean result. In the Edexcel A Level Computer Science specification, you need to understand arithmetic, comparison, Boolean and bitwise operators, and to use them correctly in pseudocode, Python, Java or any other taught language.
运算符是程序中表达式的基本构件。它们作用于一个或多个称为操作数的值，以产生新值或布尔结果。在 Edexcel A Level 计算机科学考试大纲中，你需要理解算术、比较、布尔和位运算符，并在伪代码、Python、Java 或任何其他教学语言中正确使用它们。
1. Operator Categories | 运算符分类
An operator is classified by the number of operands it takes. A unary operator acts on one operand, a binary operator acts on two, and a ternary operator acts on three. Most operators in Edexcel programming are binary; examples include +, -, *, /, AND and OR. Unary examples include NOT and the negative sign.
运算符按其操作数数量分类。一元运算符作用于一个操作数，二元运算符作用于两个操作数，三元运算符作用于三个操作数。Edexcel 编程中的大多数运算符是二元的，例如 +、-、*、/、AND 和 OR。一元示例包括 NOT 和负号。
You should be able to identify the operator and operands in an expression such as x + y, where + is the operator and x and y are operands. The result depends on the data types: arithmetic operators usually return numeric values, while comparison and Boolean operators return TRUE or FALSE.
你应该能够在表达式（如 x + y）中识别运算符和操作数，其中 + 是运算符，x 和 y 是操作数。结果取决于数据类型：算术运算符通常返回数值，而比较和布尔运算符返回 TRUE 或 FALSE。
| Category | Example operators | Typical result |
| Arithmetic | 算术 | + - * / DIV MOD ^ | Numeric value |
| Comparison | 比较 | = ≠ < > ≤ ≥ | TRUE or FALSE |
| Boolean | 布尔 | AND OR NOT | TRUE or FALSE |
| Bitwise | 位 | AND OR XOR NOT << >> | Binary integer |
2. Arithmetic Operators | 算术运算符
The distinction between / and DIV is important: DIV discards the fractional part and returns an integer, while / keeps the decimal result.
算术运算符用于计算。Edexcel 伪代码使用 + 表示加法、- 表示减法、* 表示乘法、/ 表示实数除法、DIV 表示整数除法、MOD 表示余数、^ 表示乘方。/ 与 DIV 的区别很重要：DIV 丢弃小数部分并返回整数，而 / 保留小数结果。
| Operator | Meaning | Example | Result |
| + | Addition | 加法 | 7 + 2 | 9 |
| - | Subtraction | 减法 | 7 - 2 | 5 |
| * | Multiplication | 乘法 | 7 * 2 | 14 |
| / | Real division | 实数除法 | 7 / 2 | 3.5 |
| DIV | Integer division | 整数除法 | 7 DIV 2 | 3 |
| MOD | Remainder | 余数 | 7 MOD 2 | 1 |
| ^ | Exponentiation | 乘方 | 2 ^ 3 | 8 |
In many programming languages, integer division is written as // in Python or / in Java when both operands are integers, while remainder is % in Python and Java. Always check the exact notation required by the question, but in Edexcel pseudocode use DIV and MOD.
在许多编程语言中，整数除法在 Python 中写作 //，在 Java 中当两个操作数都是整数时写作 /，而求余在 Python 和 Java 中写作 %。一定要根据题目要求检查具体写法，但在 Edexcel 伪代码中使用 DIV 和 MOD。
3. Assignment and Compound Assignment | 赋值与复合赋值运算符
tores a value in a variable. Edexcel pseudocode often uses =, but in this article we write ← so that assignment is not confused with equality. For example, x ← x + 1 means 'take the current value of x, add 1, and store the result back in x'.
赋值将值存储在变量中。Edexcel 伪代码通常使用 =，但本文中使用 ←，以免赋值与相等比较混淆。例如，x ← x + 1 的意思是 '取 x 的当前值，加 1，并将结果存回 x'。
assignment shortcuts such as x += 1, x -= 1, x *= 2 and x /= 2. These are equivalent to x ← . They are not a separate mathematical operation, just a shorter way of writing an update.
许多高级语言提供复合赋值简写，例如 x += 1、x -= 1、x *= 2 和 x /= 2。它们分别等价于 x ← x + 1 等。它们并不是独立的数学运算，只是更新变量的一种更简短写法。
- In Python: count += 1 is the same as count = count + 1.
- In Java: total *= 2 is the same as total = total * 2.
在 Python 中：count += 1 与 count = count + 1 相同。
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