📚 IGCSE CAIE Statistics: Exam Techniques and Marking Criteria | IGCSE CAIE 统计：答题技巧与评分标准
This guide explains how CAIE IGCSE Statistics papers are marked and how to turn your statistical knowledge into marks. It covers command words, method marks, accuracy, graphs, probability, distributions, data handling and common exam pitfalls.
本指南解释 CAIE IGCSE 统计试卷的评分方式，以及如何将统计知识转化为得分。内容涵盖指令词、方法分、准确度、图表、概率、分布、数据处理和常见考试失分点。
1. Master the Command Words | 掌握指令词
In CAIE IGCSE Statistics, the wording of a question is a precise instruction. Words such as 'state', 'write down', 'calculate', 'find', 'show that', 'describe', 'compare', 'explain' and 'comment' all require different levels of detail and different mark types.
在 CAIE IGCSE 统计中，题干的措辞是精确的指令。诸如 'state'、'write down'、'calculate'、'find'、'show that'、'describe'、'compare'、'explain' 和 'comment' 都要求不同的详细程度和不同的得分类型。
'State' or 'write down' usually needs only the answer, often for a B mark. 'Calculate' and 'find' require a numerical answer with clear method. 'Show that' requires you to prove a given result, so every step must be visible. 'Compare' requires at least one similarity and one difference using comparative words such as 'higher than' or 'more spread than'.
'State' 或 'write down' 通常只要求答案，通常对应 B 分。'Calculate' 和 'find' 要求有清晰步骤的数值答案。'Show that' 要求证明给定的结果，因此每个步骤都必须可见。'Compare' 要求至少一个相同点和一个不同点，并使用比较性词语，如 '高于' 或 '更分散'。
2. Show Method Marks | 展示方法分
Method marks (M) are awarded for using a correct process, even if the final answer is wrong. Accuracy marks (A) depend on reaching the correct answer from your working. Independent marks (B) are given for statements or values that do not need a method.
方法分 (M) 是即使最终答案错误，只要过程正确就可获得。准确分 (A) 取决于由你的解题过程得到正确答案。独立分 (B) 用于不需要展示方法的陈述或数值。
Always substitute values into a formula or show a relevant fraction or product. For example, when finding a mean from grouped data, write the total Σfx and the total frequency Σf before the final division.
始终将数值代入公式，或写出相关的分数或乘积。例如，在求分组数据的平均数时，先写出总和 Σfx 和总频数 Σf，再进行最后的除法。
Mean = Σfx ÷ Σf = 1420 ÷ 40 = 35.5
Even if you make an arithmetic error after this step, the method mark can be awarded. Marks such as 'ft' (follow through) allow later marks to be given when the method uses your earlier incorrect value consistently.
即使你在此步骤之后出现计算错误，方法分仍然可以获得。诸如 'ft'（follow through，后续分）允许当后续方法正确使用你之前的错误值时，仍然给予后续分数。
| Abbreviation | Meaning |
|---|---|
| M | Method mark for a correct process |
| A | Accuracy mark for a correct answer |
| B | Independent mark, no method needed |
| ft | Follow through using an earlier value |
| dep | Dependent on a previous mark |
| oe | Or equivalent |
| cao | Correct answer only |
| awrt | Anything which rounds to |
3. Accuracy, Rounding and Units | 精度、舍入与单位
Most numerical answers should be given to three significant figures unless the question states otherwise. Money answers should be to two decimal places, angles usually to one decimal place, and probabilities may be left as exact fractions unless a decimal is requested.
除非题目另有说明，大多数数值答案应保留三位有效数字。货币答案应保留两位小数，角度通常保留一位小数，概率可以保留为精确分数，除非要求用小数表示。
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